CRITICAL PL, POWER, POVERTY REDUCTION, POSTMODERNPwk PTS ft ub – planning theory
Critical planning Critical planning in developing countries
in 2000s: Resource management Integrating Mineral Development and
Biodiversity Conservation into Regional Land-Use Planning
Land Policies For Growth And Poverty Reduction
Poverty and Environment Urban Economy Paradigm for A New Planning
Resource management Indikator apa yang terbaik sebagai alat ukur? Bagaimana alat ukur tsb diinterpretasikan dengan baik?Criteria for indicators: Be easily measured (mudah diukur) Be sensitive to stresses of the system (sensitif thd tekanan dari sistem) Respond to stress in a predictable manner Be anticipatory: signify an impending change in key characteristics of the ecological system. Predict changes that can be averted by management actions Be integrative Have a known response to natural disturbances, anthropogenic stresses, and ecological changes over time Have low variability in response.
Prosedur dalam memilih indikator: Step 1: Identify Goals for the System. Step 2: Identify Key Characteristics of the
Ecological System Step 3: Identify Key Stresses Step 4: Determine How Stresses May Affect Key
Characteristics of the Ecological System Step 5: Select Indicators Step 6: Test Potential Indicators Against Criteria Step 7: Select Final Indicators and Apply Them to
the Decision-Making Process
Ecological indicators menawarkan alat untuk mengukur efek dari manajemen sumber daya. Tantangan utama adalah terkait dengan kompleksitas dari sistem ekologi. Kriteria dan prosedur untuk pemilihan indikator menawarkan cara terkait dengan kompleksitas tersebut.
Langkah berikutnya adalah mengimplementasikan indikator ke dalam praktik manajemen sumber daya.
Mengintegrasikan Mineral Development dan Biodiversity Conservation dalam Regional Land-Use Planning Pertambangan, tidak seperti pertanian, bukan
bagian permanen dari geografi dan economy dari banyak wilayah. Pertambangan adalah land use yang sifatnya temporer, terlokalisir dan dapat menghasilkan pendapatan besar dari area yang kecil.
Terdapat keinginan yang semakin tinggi dari masyarakat agar nilai lingkungan tetap dilindungi pada saat yang sama kita membangun pondasi ekonomi dan sosial. Harapan ini telah tertuang dalam konsep sustainable development.
Ada kebutuhan untuk terus mengeksplorasi pertambangan. Konsep dari responsible mining: commitment to shared high values and delivery of better social and environmental performance –
The case: The Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) Project (an independent multi-stakeholder analysis of the issues surrounding mining and sustainable development, organized at global and regional levels).
Untuk kasus Indonesia perhatikan tentang fenomena ‘kutukan sumber daya alam’
Biodiversity and Regional Land-Use Planning
Flambeau mine (Wisconsin) site before mining (foreground) and Flambeau River (upper background)
Flambeau mine during operation (1996)
Flambeau mine reclaimed after mining (2002)
Land Use yang serasi dengan aspek sosial
Issues (access to land and the ability to make productive use of such land is critical to poor people worldwide):
Farm Restructuring Land Reform Land Conflict Land Taxation State Land Ownership Land Use Regulation Land in the Broader Policy Context
Poverty reduction: Relevance of land right: Empowerment of
the Poor and Governance Land policy:
Political and Social Changes (Eastern Europe) Structural Reforms (Latin America) Combination of Situations in South and East
Asia Land rights:
The initial distribution of land affects the nature and rate of long-term economic growth
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Increasing Incomes Reducing ExpensesC
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Opp
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Com
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Cap
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Soci
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Planning, Programming and Budgeting Mechanism
Banking & non-banking financial institutions; private sector; community
Four Pillars of Poverty
Reduction Strategy
The Basic Building Blocks of Poverty Reduction Strategy
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9/29-30/2004
Initiative for an effective poverty
reduction
Ideal environment
for investment
Improving Performance of Local Governance
Public access for appropriate information
Participatory planning and decision making process
Public participation in development planning
Open process in formulating regional regulations
Policy and regulation reforms: clear vision and priority setting
Accountable local government and legislative:
Effective utilization of local budget according to local priority
Performance and output oriented
Clear local regulation towards a good governance
Independent public monitoring
Private investment that generates local economic and creating job opportunity
Involving NGOs in implementing and monitoring poverty reduction programs
Government program directed to fulfill the gap of poverty reduction programs
Poverty Reduction Strategy through Initiatives for Local Governance
Conceptual Framework of land rights:
Land rights are social conventions about the distribution of benefits from land use
Property Rights as a Public Good Property rights have public good
characteristics Public establishment of property rights will
prevent resource dissipation, providing particular benefits to the poor
Post modern planning? Rethinking planning:
Planning has not tackled the root causes of urban problems because it was never meant to:
the scope, content and direction of planning are shaped by political struggles, at various spatial scales, in which the protagonists (and lines of cleavage) arise from the conflicts of interest endemic in capitalist society (H. Thomas, 1999: 27).
Planning exists to help the market and support capitalism, not challenge and supplant it.
Social theory Nearly half a century on the Royal Town Planning
Institute still sees the role of planners as ‘to advance the art and science of Town Planning for the benefit of the public’ (RTPI, 1999)
The Post-Modern Age is a time of incessant choosing. It’s an era when no orthodoxy can be adopted without self-consciousness and irony, because all traditions seem to have some validity. This is partly a consequence of what is called the information explosion, the advent of organised knowledge, world communication and cybernetics. (Charles Jencks 1989)
Social theory The postmodern would be that which, in the
modern, puts forward the unpresentable in presentation itself; that which denies itself the solace of good forms, the consensus of a taste which would make it possible to share collectively the nostalgia for the unattainable; that which searches for new presentations, not in order to enjoy them but in order to impart a stronger sense of the unpresentable (Lyotard, 1983: 68).
Some common themes emerge: (from social theory of post modernism) A MICRO-POLITICS OF ANALYSIS A MICRO-POLITICS OF RESISTANCE
Information Society:Five broad meanings behind the term ‘information
society’ (Webster 1995) Technological Economic Occupational Spatial Cultural
Fordism (loosely refers to the mass production) and Post-Fordism
Sensibility 3 Criticism of the Postmodern:
First, that modernity’s critics have got it wrong. The contrasts with the pre-modern period are misleading and inaccurate and their position is unduly pessimistic and inchoate
Second, while modernity has a ‘sombre’ (as opposed to ‘dark’) side (and while some of the critiques of the critical-moderns are accepted), modernity is (and must be) redeemable.
Third, we are stuck with modernity, whether we like it or not, so let’s make the best of it rather than trying to destroy it.
So What is the Postmodern? 1 DIFFERENCE OR CONTINUITY? 2 NEW OR DIFFERENT TIMES? 3 POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SOCIAL THEORY?
Planning is modern project Planning as a Postmodern Project?
conclusion Can we have a postmodern planning? No
(an answer that is itself not postmodern). Can we have a planning that is more open, sensitive to the needs of the many, radically challenges existing notions and actively seeks to encourage wider participation from those previously excluded in an continuously open discourse? Yes.
See you next week