Critical Infrastructure and Hyogo Framework for Action
Andrei IatseniaSenior Advisor, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UN/ISDR)
International Conference Helsinki, 5 October 2007
www.unisdr.org
Overview
I Global data and trends on “natural” disasters
UN ISDR & Hyogo Framework for Action
IIIII
Critical Infrastructure – the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement
I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters
I Global Data and trends on “natural” disasters
Global Hotspot study (World Bank)
25 million km sq. and 3.4 billion people are relatively highly exposed to at least one natural hazard; 105 million people are
relatively highly exposed to three or more hazards.
= lowest 40%= middle 30%= highest 20%
Economic Losses & Benefits of Disaster Risk Reduction (prevention and mitigation)
• “Money spent on reducing the risk of natural hazards is a sound investment. On average, a $1 investment in hazard mitigation provides the nation with $4 in future benefits.” - study of the Multihazard Mitigation Council of the USA, Dec. 2005, available at: www.nibs.org/MMC/mmchome.html)
Invest to prevent, mitigate, and prepare: Disaster Risk Reduction is sound investment for sustainable development
Identification of hazards/vulnerability; monitoring and management of risk are integral to sustainable development.
Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards?
Short answer: NO!
Can sustainable development be achieved without taking into account the risk of natural hazards?
Short answer: NO! (cont’d)• Risks will always remain,
and if we do not manage these risks well, they could lead to disasters.
• Address root-causes of vulnerability: human, social, economic, environmental, scientific, technical-physical factors
The UN ISDR & The Hyogo Framework for Action II
Disaster Risk Reduction – An Agenda in Progress
•1989: IDNDR 1990-1999
•1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action
•2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
•2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD
•2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Launched in 2000 by UN General Assembly Resolution A/54/219 as successor of the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction –IDNDR, 1990-1999
- Secretariat- System (objective, instrument, vehicle)
National level : -National Platforms for DRR established in 35 countries and 5 UK territories, 105 countries designated HFA focal points,
Regional level: -Regional strategies – Asia (Beijing Plan of Action), Africa (AU/NEPAD), Europe (Council of Europe), Pacific (Madang Framework)
-- Regional cooperation – ISDR Asia Partnership, collaborative centers, initiatives of drought (China), seismic risk (Iran), etc.
International level: - Engagement of different sectors i.e. environment, education, health- Engagment of more NGO actors (ActionAid, Care, Tearfund)- Increased commitment – UN agencies, WB/GFDRR, Regional Development Banks, EC, Private Sector
Progress in implementation of the HFA
III Critical Infrastructure -the Need for Multi-stakeholder Engagement
Why is there a need for multi-stakeholder approach to pre-disaster risk management of critical
infrastructre?• Pre versus post disaster risk management• The magnifying effect of global complexity• The increasing frequency of natural disasters• Single stakeholder versus multi-stakeholder activities
“While technological innovation, globalisation, the growing interdependence of critical networks, and the high concentration of populations and assets all have their well-recognised positive effects, they also dramatically increase vulnerabilities to natural, technological and terrorism hazards.”
Angel Gurria (OECD Secretary General) September 2006
Example: The risk landscape of Switzerland
very minorminor average major disastrous
devastating
Adapted from:Risk Profile Switzerland, 1999
Probability over the next 25 years
Impact onSwitzerland
highly probable30% to 100%
probable 3% to 30%
less probable 0.3% to 3 %
improbable 0.03% to 0.3%
highly improbable 0.003% to 0.03%
Integration ghetto
Crisis in health system
Flood
Chemical accident
Dam collapse
Nuclear accident
Extremism/ terrorism
Organised crime
Greenhouse effect
Loss of cultivated land and species
Shortage of strategic goods
Dependency on addictive drugs
Watershortage
Informationwarfare
Earthquake
Ageing
Use of weapons of mass destruction
Storm
Loss of national cohesion
Energy shortage
Drought/heat wave
Diseases/epidemics
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
What is needed? Risk sharing
Events minor medium large catastrophic
Size of loss
Policyholders
Insurers
Global reinsurance
Governments
Capital markets
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
• Governments are exposed to a variety of risks– explicitly – by default as (re-)insurer of last resort
• Typically, losses are financed post event (emergency funding)
• Most governments are aware of their most prevalent exposures
• Some governments apply a systematic risk management process:
Identification AdaptationAssessment Mitigation
Why is there a Risk Management Need of the Public Sector?
Source: Swiss Re, May 2007
Why should the private sector care about reducing disaster risk and contribute to the
Hyogo Framework of Action?
* The cost-benefit ratio of disaster mitigation is 4:1Building a disaster resilient business will:- reduce costs- limit exposures- maintain operating continuity- protect employees, property, reputation, corporate value, and a competitive market place position.
Way Forward for National Governments
• Establish Multistakeholder National Platforms• Revise policies and legislation to address DRR • Integrate risk reduction in Overseas Development
Assistance with certain percentage of humanitarian assistance going towards reducing the risk from future disasters
• Develop comprehensive National Plans for DRR• Start risk reduction dialogues and engage
communities and businesses in public-private partnerships to reduce shared risks.
"Climate change is expected to cause more severe and more frequent natural hazards. As our cities and coasts grow more vulnerable, these hazards can lead to disasters that are far worse than those we have seen to date. We have a moral, social and economic obligation to build resilience by 2015. Implementing the Hyogo Framework for Action will also help us reach the Millennium Development Goals."
Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2007