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Creating the University of the Highlands and Islands
Free Radical Research Facility
Department of Diabetes &
Cardiovascular Science
HI STOPHI STOPHiHighland ghland SSchoolschools DiabeDiabetteses
PreventiPreventioonn PProgrammerogramme
Sandra MacRuryDept of Diabetes & Cardiovascular Science
UHI Millennium InstituteInverness
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“Diabetes is the greatest health challenge facing
the UK today”
Diabetes UK 2007
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Diabetes epidemic
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Pancreas
Brain
Liver
Stomach
Intestines
Pancreas
INSULIN
ISLET
Cell
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Types of Diabetes
• Type 1 15%
• Type 2 85%
World Health Organisation 2005
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Type 1 Diabetes
• Destruction of insulin producing cells
( cells in pancreas)
• Children, young people up to 35-40 years
• Late onset Type 1 > 40 years
• 10-15% occurs in families
• Treated with insulin
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What is diabetes
• The body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces • Middle aged or older 40+ years• Young onset type 2 < 35 years• 40% occurs in families• Treated with diet, tablets and sometimes insulin
World Health Organisation 2006
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Type 2 diabetes
• WeightWeight• Family Family history history • Age Age • EthnicityEthnicity
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Type 2 diabetes
• WeightWeight• WaistWaist circumferencecircumference• Family Family history history • Age Age • EthnicityEthnicity
+
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What Diabetes Epidemic?
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BMI
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T2DM and weight
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
18.5 or under 18.5 to 25 25 to 30 30 to 40 Over 40
BMI (kg/m2)
Pre
vale
nce
of
Typ
e 2
dia
be
tes
(%)
MaleFemale
Body Mass Index BMIWeight/height
Kg/m2
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Vascular problems in diabetes
75%
LIFE EXPECTANCY
SHORTENED
7-8 YEARS
IN T2DM
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Progression of Type 2 diabetes
Adapted from Bailey. Br J Cardiol 2000; 7: 350–360DeFronzo & Ferrannini. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 173–194
Insulin resistance
Blood glucose
Insulin production
Normal Pre diabetes Type 2 diabetes
Diagnosis
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What can we do?
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Watch what you eat
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Get active!