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CPR AND FIRST AID
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FIRST AIDThe immediate, temporary care
given to an ill or injured person until professional medical care can be provided
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UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other bodily fluids as if they contained pathogens
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STEPS TO TAKE IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION1- Check the scene and the
victim Make sure scene is safe
2- Call for help Dial 911
3- Provide care for the victim
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TYPES OF INJURIES
ABRASION LACERATION
PUNCTURE AVULSION
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ABRASIONSkin is scrapped against a hard
surfaceVery important to clean the
wound because of the way the injury occurs
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LACERATIONA cut caused by a sharp object,
such as a knife or glass, slicing through layers of skin
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PUNCTUREA small but deep hole caused by
a pin, nail, or other object
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AVULSIONResults when tissue is partially or
completely separated from the body
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FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING
Cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth and press firmly
If possible, elevate the wound above the level of the heart
Cover the gauze or cloth with a sterile bandage
If necessary, cover the dressing with a pressure bandage
Call for help
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TYPES OF BURNS AND TREATMENT
First-degree burn◦Only the outer layer of skin is burned◦Cool the burn with cold running water
Second-degree burn◦the top several layers of skin are damaged◦Cool the burn with cold water, seek a doctor
Third-degree burn◦Serious burn in which deeper layers of skin
and possibly fat, muscle, nerves, and bone are damaged
◦Medical help immediately
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CHAIN OF SURVIVALA sequence of actions that
maximize the victim’s chances of survival
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DEFIBRILLATORA device that delivers an electric
shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm
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AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)A handheld device that almost
anyone can be trained to used
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CPRCardiopulmonary resuscitation
◦A life-saving first-aid procedure that combines rescue breathes with chest compressions, supplying oxygen to the body until normal body functions can resume
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THE ABC’S OF ADULT CPR
A•AIRWAY•Make sure nothing is blocking
B•BREATHING•Look for chest movement
C•CIRCULATION•Check for signs
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SHOCKA failure of the cardiovascular
system to keep an adequate supply of blood circulating to the vital organs of the body
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CHOKINGOccurs when a person’s airway
becomes blocked by food or swallowed object
Universal sign of choking is when a person clutches their throat with one or both hands
Ask “Are you choking? Can you speak?”
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HEIMLICH MANEUVER
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MUSCLE CRAMPSThe sudden and painful
tightening of a muscle ◦Stretch out the affected muscle◦Massage the cramped muscle firmly◦Apply moist heat to the area◦Get medical help if cramp persists
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Strains and sprainsStrain- an injury to a muscle,
usually resulting from overuse of a muscle
Sprain- an injury to a ligament
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TREATMENT: R.I.C.E.R
◦Rest- avoid movementI
◦Ice- reduces pain and swellingC
◦Compression- light pressure (wrap in ace bandage)
E◦Elevate- raise above heart level
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FRACTURESSimple fracture- a break in the
bone, sometimes called a hairline fracture
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Compound fracture- a complete break of the bone. Sometimes sticks out of skin
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UNCONSCIOUSNESS◦A condition in which a person is not
alert and aware of his/her surroundings
◦Different levels of unconsciousness from drowsiness to coma
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FAINTING◦Occurs when the blood supply to the
brain is temporarily inadequate◦Usually brief
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CONCUSSION◦A jarring injury to the brain that
affects normal brain function◦Get professional medical help
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POISONINGSPoison
◦Any substance- solid, liquid, or gas- that causes injury, illness, or death when introduced to the body
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VENOM-◦A poisonous substance secreted by a
snake, spider, or other creature
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POISON CONTROL CENTER◦A 24-hour hot line that provides
emergency medical advice on treating poisoning victims
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FIRST AID FOR POISONING
1- Swallowed poisons
◦Call poison control and follow instructions
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2- Inhaled poisons-
◦Serious because of damage that can be done to the lungs
◦Get person to fresh air◦Get medical help
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3- Poison to skin-
◦Removed as quickly as possible to limit exposure to the body
◦Rinse continuously with water for 15 mins.
◦Call 911
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4- Poison to eye-
◦Immediately start flushing eye with lukewarm water for 15 min
◦Have victim blink the eye as much as possible
◦Do not rub eye◦Call 911