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AQA
Design
&
Technology
Course Planner
2
The impact of new and emerging technologies on:
• the design and organisa on of the workplace including automa on and the use of robo cs
• buildings and the place of work
• tools and equipment
Enterprise based on the development of an effec ve business innova on:
• crowd funding • virtual marke ng and retail • co‐opera ves • fair trade
New & Emerging Technologies 3.1.1 Industry & Enterprise
3
The impact of resource consump on on the planet: • finite • non–finite • disposal of waste
How technology push/market pull affects choice.
Changing job roles due to the emergence of new ways of working driven by technological change
Changes in fashion and trends in rela on to new and emergent technologies.
Respec ng people of different faiths and beliefs
New & Emerging Technologies 3.1.1 Sustainability, People & Culture
4
How products are designed and made to avoid having a nega ve impact on others:
design for disabled elderly different religious groups.
Posi ve and nega ve impacts new products have on the environment:
con nuous improvement efficient working pollu on global warming.
New & Emerging Technologies 3.1.1 Society, Environment
5
The contemporary and poten al future use of:
automa on
computer aided design (CAD)
computer aided manufacture (CAM)
flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
just in me (JIT)
lean manufacturing.
New & Emerging Technologies 3.1.1 Production Techniques and Sys-tems
6
That it is important to consider scenarios from different perspec ves and considering:
planned obsolescence
design for maintenance
ethics
the environment.
New & Emerging Technologies 3.1.1 How new and emerging technologies inform design deci-sions
7
How power is generated from and arguments for and against the selec on of fossil fuels
coal
gas
Oil
Energy Generation & Storage 3.1.2 Fossil Fuels
Nuclear Power How nuclear power is generated.
Arguments for and against the selec on of nuclear power.
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How power is generated from:
wind
solar
dal
hydro‐electrical
biomass.
Arguments for and against the selec on of renewable energy.
Energy Generation & Storage 3.1.2 Renewable Energy
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Kine c pumped storage systems.
Alkaline and re‐chargeable ba eries
Energy Generation & Storage 3.1.2 Energy Storage Systems
10
Developments made through the inven on of new or improved processes
eg Graphene, Metal foams and Titanium.
Altera ons to perform a par cular func on
eg Coated metals, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) and Nanomaterials.
Developments in New Materials 3.1.3 Modern Materials
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That materials can have one or more proper es that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external s muli, such as
stress
temperature
moisture
PH
eg shape memory alloys, thermochromic pigments and photochromic pigments
Developments in New Materials 3.1.3 Smart Materials
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Composite materials are produced by combining two or more different materials to create an enhanced material
Glass Reinforced Plas c (GRP)
Carbon‐fibre Reinforced Plas c (CRP).
Developments in New Materials 3.1.3 Composite Materials
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How fibres can be spun to make enhanced fabrics
conduc ve fabrics,
fire resistant fabrics,
Kevlar
microfibres incorpora ng micro encapsula on.
Developments in New Materials 3.1.3 Technical Textiles
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The use of
light sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors switches
Systems Approach To Designing 3.1.4 Inputs
The use of programming microcontrollers as
counters, mers for decision making, to provide func onality to products and processes.
Processes
15
Systems Approach To Designing 3.1.4 Outputs
The use of
buzzers,
speakers
and lamps,
to provide func onality to products and processes.
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The use of light sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors & switches.
The use of programming microcontrollers as counters, mers and for decision making,
to provide func onality to products and processes.
The use of buzzers, speakers & lamps,
to provide func onality to products and processes.
Systems Approach 3.1.4 Input, Process & Output
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The func ons of mechanical devices to produce
linear, rotary, reciproca ng & oscilla ng movements.
Levers: • first order • second order • third order
Linkages: • bell cranks • push/pull.
Rotary systems: • CAMs and followers • simple gear trains • pulleys and belts.
Mechanical Devices 3.1.5 Different Types of Movement
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You should have an overview of the main categories and types of papers and boards:
papers including: • bleed proof • cartridge paper • grid • layout paper
• tracing paper
boards including: • corrugated card • duplex board • foil lined board • foam core board
• ink jet card • solid white board
Papers and Boards 3.1.6.1 Materials
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You should have an overview of the main categories and types of natural and manufactured mbers:
hardwoods including: • ash • beech • mahogany • oak • balsa
so woods including: • larch • pine • spruce
manufactured boards including: • medium density fibreboard (MDF) • plywood • chipboard
Timbers 3.1.6.1 Materials
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You should have an overview of the main categories and types of metals and alloys:
Ferrous metals including: • low carbon steel • cast Iron • high carbon/tool steel
Non ferrous metals including: • aluminum • copper • n • zinc
Alloys including: • brass • stainless steel • high speed steel.
Metals 3.1.6.1 Materials
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You should have an overview of the main categories and types of polymers:
thermoforming including: • acrylic (PMMA) • high impact polystyrene (HIPS)
• high density polythene (HDPE) • polypropylene (PP)
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC) • polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
thermose ng including: • epoxy resin (ER) • melamine‐formaldehyde (MF)
• phenol formaldehyde (PF) • polyester resin (PR)
• urea–formaldehyde (UF)
Polymers 3.1.6.1 Materials
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You should have an overview of the main categories and types of tex les:
natural fibres including: • co on • wool • silk
synthe c fibres including: • polyester • polyamide (nylon) • elastane (lycra)
blended and mixed fibres including: • co on/polyester
woven including: • plain weave
non‐woven including: • bonded fabrics • felted fabrics
kni ed tex les including: • kni ed fabrics
Textiles 3.1.6.1 Materials
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In rela on to the main categories students should know and understand physical proper es such as:
absorbency (resistance to moisture)
density
fusibility
electrical conduc vity
thermal conduc vity.
Material Properties 3.1.6.2 Materials
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In rela on to the main categories students should know and understand working proper es such as:
strength
hardness
toughness
malleability
duc lity and elas city
Material Properties 3.1.6.2 Materials
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Func onality: applica on of use, ease of working.
Aesthe cs: surface finish, texture and colour.
Environmental factors: recyclable or reused materials.
Availability: ease of sourcing and purchase.
Cost: bulk buying.
Social factors: social responsibility.
Cultural factors: sensi ve to cultural influences.
Ethical factors: purchased from ethical sources such as FSC.
Material Selection 3.2.1 Specialist Technical Principles
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Tension
Compression
Bending
Torsion
Shear
Forces & Stresses 3.2.2 Specialist Technical Principles
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How materials can be
Reinforced
s ffened
made more flexible
eg lamina on, bending, folding, webbing, fabric interfacing.
Material Enhancement 3.2.2 Specialist Technical Principles
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Deforesta on Mining Drilling Farming.
Mileage of product from raw material source,
manufacture,
distribu on,
user loca on
final disposal.
That carbon is produced during the manufacture of products.
Ecological & Social Footprint 3.2.3 Specialist Technical Principles
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Reduce
Refuse
Re‐use
Repair
Recycle
Rethink
6 R’s 3.2.3 Specialist Technical Principles
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Safe working condi ons
Reducing oceanic/ atmospheric pollu on
Reducing the detrimental (nega ve) impact on others.
Social Issues in Product Manufacture 3.2.3 Specialist Technical Principles
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Timber based materials
Seasoning
Conversion
Crea on of manufactured mbers
Sources and Origins 3.2.4 Specialist Technical Principles
32
The use of different products in commercial products
What proper es influence the choice of material or component.
Have a clear understanding of the physical and mechanical proper es in rela on to electronic and mechanical
systems (motor vehicles and domes c appliances).
Using & Working With Materials 3.2.5 Specialist Technical Principles
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
33
Photosensi ve PCB board
PCB manufacture
Anodizing aluminium to improve surface hardness
How to
cut,
drill
solder
Material Modification 3.2.5 Specialist Technical Principles
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
34
The sale of components based on
Qual ty ‐ Voltage Ra ng ‐ Current Ra ng
Standard components
E12 resistor series
DIL ‐ Dual in Line Packages
PIC—Microcontrollers
Stock forms, types and sizes 3.2.6 Specialist Technical Principles
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
35
How and why products are produces in different volumes
Why use
Prototype
Batch
Mass
Con nuous
Scales of Production 3.2.7 Specialist Technical Principles
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
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How to use
Measurement reference points
Templates
Jigs
Pa erns
The Use of Production Aids 3.2.8 Specialist Technical Principles
Tolerances The manufacture to maximum and minimum
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
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Wastage
Die Cu ng
Perfora ng
Turning
Sawing
Milling
Drilling
Cu ng & Shearing
Tools Equipment & Processes 3.2.8 Specialist Technical Principles
Addi on
Brazing
Welding
Lamina ng
Soldering
3D Prin ng
Ba k
Sewing
Bonding
Prin ng
Deforming
Vacuum Forming
Creasing
Pressing
Drape Forming
Bending
Folding
Blow Moulding
Cas ng
Injec on Moulding
Extrusion Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
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Pick and Place Assembly
Flow Soldering
Commercial Processes 3.2.8 Specialist Technical Principles
UV Exposure
PCB Developing Times
PCB Etching Times
Quality Control
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
39
PCB Lacquering
PCB Lubrica on
Surface Treatment & Finishes 3.2.9 Specialist Technical Principles
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems
40
Market Research
Interviews
Human Factors — Ergonomics
Focus Groups
Product Analysis & Evalua on
Anthropometric Data and Percen les
Understanding Client Needs 3.3.1 Investigation, Primary & Secondary Data
41
How the following might present opportuni es and constraints during design & manufacture.
Deforesta on
CO2 level increase ‐ Global Warming Increase
Need for fair Trade
Factors that influence Design 3.3.2 Environmental, Social & Economic Challenge
42
Inves gate, Analyse & Evaluate
Harry Beck
Marcel Breuer
Coco Chanel
Norman Foster
Sir Alec Issigonis
William Morris
Alexander Mc Queen
Highlight As Appropriate 3.3.3 The Work Of Others
Mary Quant
Louis Comfort Tiffany
Raymond Templer
Marcel Breuer
Gerrit Reitveld
Charles Rene Mackintosh
Aldo Rossi
E ore So sass
Phillipe Stark
Vivienne Westwood
Inves gate min of two companies
Alessi
Apple
Braun
Dyson
Gap
Primark
Under Armour
Zara
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Different Design Strategies
Collabora on
User Centred Design
A Systems Approach
Itera ve Design
Avoiding Design Fixa on
Generating Ideas Using Different Strategies 3.3.4 Design Strategies
Sketching
Modelling
Tes ng
Evalua on of their work to improve outcomes
Explore and Developing Ideas Using
44
Freehand Sketching—Isometric & Perspec ve
2D & 3D Drawing
System & Schema c Drawing
Drawing Annota on
Exploded Drawings
Working Drawing—3rd Angle Orthographic
Audio and Visual Recordings ‐ e.g. Client Interviews
Mathema cal Modelling
Computer Based Tools
Modelling—working directly with materials & components e.g. card , cardboard and breadboard
Develop, Communicate, Record & Justify 3.3.5 Communication of Design Ideas
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How do you think prototypes : ‐
sa sfy the requirements of the brief
responds to client wants and needs
demonstrates Innova on
are func onal
consider aesthe cs
are poten ally marketable
Design & Develop Prototypes In Response To Needs 3.3.6 Prototype Development
You need to know how to : ‐
reflect cri cally, responding to feedback
suggest modifica ons during development to
manufacture
assess if prototypes are fit for purpose
46
Select appropriate materials to make a prototype
Select materials based on
Func onal Need
Cost
Availability
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems 3.3.7 3.3.8
Selection of Material and Components & Tolerances
Work accurately using tolerances
Know how to cut shape and form a range of
materials to designated/specified tolerances
Know why tolerances are applied during
making ac vi es
47
Planning the cu ng and shaping of materials
to minimise waste
Shape Nes ng
Material Stock Forms
Seam allowance
Joint overlap
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems 3.3.9 Material Management
Understand the Value of marking out correctly to
produce an accurate and quality prototype
Using data points and coordinates
Reference points
Lines and Surfaces
Templates
Jigs
Pa erns
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Using Specialist Tools & Equipment
Hand Tools
Machinery
Digital Design & Manufacture
How to use the tools while protec ng yourselves and others from harm.
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems 3.3.10 Specialist Tools & Materials
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Selec ng & Using Specialist Techniques and
Processes
Safe & Accurate Use
Wastage Addi on Deforming Reforming
Surface Treatment
Aesthe cs Purposes Func onal Purposes
Material prepara on for finish applica on
Relating to Electronic and Mechanical Systems 3.3.11 Specialist Techniques & Processes