REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
COUNTRY PRESENTATION ON AGRICULTURAL POLICY – ZAMBIA SECOND NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY (SNAP)
PETER ZULU
PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIST – TRADE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ZAMBIA – AN OVERVIEW • Position: South – Central Africa, Land locked (Land Linked),
8 neighbours (Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Congo DR, Angola, Namibia)
• Divided into 10 provinces, 109 Districts. 70+ Tribes • Population: (2015 estimates)
Total =15,473,905 Male = 49% Female = 51% Rural = 58% Urban =42% 66% ≤ 25 Years
• Land size: 752,614 Km2 60% Suitable for agricultural production 14% of this currently being used
• Water: >40 of ground and surface water in SADC Region • Economy: Dependant on copper (little value addition)
Growth averaging 6% past 10 years
• Poverty: 60% Rural 76.4%, Urban 23.6%
AGRICULTURE IN ZAMBIA • Resource Endowment:
Abundant land Abundant water Abundant labour force Dominated by smallholder farmers (SHFs) 1.6 million SHFs (1/3 Deficit, 1/3 Subsistence, 1/3 Surplus)
• Divided into 3 major agro-ecological zones • Region I:
Receives less than 800 mm of rainfall annually Constitutes 12% of Zambia’s total land area.
• Region II: Receives between 800 mm and 1,000mm of annual rainfall covers 42% of the country. Sub – divided into IIa and IIb.
• Region III: Receives between 1,000 mm and 1,500 mm of rainfall annually Constitutes 46% of the country’s total land area
• Mostly rain dependent with little irrigation by commercial farmers • Vulnerable to Climatic shocks especially droughts
Zambia's Agro-ecological map
Mpika
Solwezi
Sesheke
Kaoma
Serenje
Kalabo
Chama
Mkushi
Mumbwa
Kasempa
Lukulu
Chinsali
Mwinilunga
Kalomo
Senanga
MufumbweZambezi
Lundazi
Kaputa
Kazungula
Isoka
Kabompo
Mansa
Mongu
Mbala
Nyimba
Itezhi-Tezhi
Shangombo
Samfya
Kasama
Chibombo
Chongwe
Mungwi
Kapiri Mposhi
Luwingu
Mporokoso
Petauke
Kafue
Choma
Lufwanyama
Mpongwe
Mpulungu
Chipata
Mwense
Kawambwa
Milenge
MonzeMazabuka
Mambwe
Chilubi
Namwala
Katete
Chavuma Masaiti
Chiengi
Nakonde
Gwembe
Luangwa
Siavonga
Sinazo
ngwe
Nchelenge
Chadiza
Kabwe
Livingstone
Lusaka Urban
Chililabombwe
MufuliraChingola
Kalulushi Kitwe
Luanshya
Ndola
200 0 200 400 Kilometers
N
EW
S
Agro-Ecological Regions
District boundary
KEY
Source: Soil Survey, Mt. Makulu ChilangaDecember 2002
Scale 1: 2,500,000
RegionsI
IIa
IIb
III
LEGEND
Agricultural Sector Performance • Generates approximately 10 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Provide livelihoods for more than 70 percent of the population. • Categorised into 3 groups: Small - Scale; ≦5Ha, 85% of farmers, remote Medium - Scale; 5 to 20Ha, 13% of farmers Large - Scale; ≧20 Ha, 2% of Farmers, along major roads, rail
• Absorbs 67 percent of the labour force Main source of income and employment for both females and males Marginally led to an increase in rural incomes contributed marginally to poverty reduction increased food and nutrition security.
Crop sub-sector
• National production increased for the period 2004 to 2015 • Major crops=maize, soyabeans, wheat, cassava, groundnuts, Cotton
0
500'000
1'000'000
1'500'000
2'000'000
2'500'000
3'000'000
3'500'000
0
50'000
100'000
150'000
200'000
250'000
300'000
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Qua
ntity
(Mt)
Mai
ze
Qua
ntity
(Mt)
Oth
er
Years
TRENDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SELECTED CROPS
GROUND NUTS SOYA BEANS WHEAT COTTON MAIZE
Fisheries sub-sector
• Currently 14 natural fishery areas in Zambia • Potential to produce 150, 000 Mt annually. • Capture fish production increased by 12.5% between 2004 and 2012 • Total inland aquaculture fish production also increased by 153%
between 2004 and 2012.
0
50'000
100'000
150'000
200'000
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Qua
ntity
(Mt)
TRENDS IN FISH PRODUCTION Capture Aquaculture Fish Imports
Livestock Sub-Sector
• Relatively under-exploited but recognised as an increasingly important part of the agricultural economy.
• Plays important economic and social roles particularly among smallholder farmers (oxen, dowry, etc.).
• Sector has also enjoyed some growth
020'000'00040'000'00060'000'00080'000'000100'000'000120'000'000140'000'000160'000'000
0
1'000'000
2'000'000
3'000'000
4'000'000
5'000'000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Num
ber (
Poul
try)
Num
ber (
othe
r)
Years
TREND IN PRODUCTION OF SELECTED LIVESTOCK
Cattle Goats Pigs Poultry
CHALLENGES • Low agricultural production, productivity and value addition • Diminished investment in agricultural research and development (R&D); • Inefficient agricultural extension service delivery; • Low levels of agricultural mechanization among smallholder farmers; • High dependence on rain-fed agriculture compounded by low levels of irrigation; • Over-fishing in natural water bodies; • Inefficient agricultural markets for inputs and outputs; • High post-harvest losses • Limited access and availability to agricultural finance and credit facilities; • Low private sector participation in agricultural development; • Reduced net value of agricultural exports particularly for horticulture, floriculture • Unsustainable use of natural resources; • Low resilience to Climate Change effects; and • Inadequate mainstreaming of Gender and Governance issues, HIV and AIDS.
AGRICULTURAL POLICY The Zambian Government Policy direction is guided by: • International levels Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) - AU. COMESA, SADC protocols
• National level Seventh National Development Plan (SNDP) Second National Agriculture Policy (NAP).
SECOND NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY • Major policy directing agricultural development Vision: “To develop an efficient, competitive and sustainable agricultural sector, which assures food and nutrition security, increased employment opportunities and incomes.” • GUIDING PRINCIPLES
• The right to adequate and nutritious food • Government as a facilitator of private sector led agriculture • Equitable, inclusive and sustainable development. • The promotion of agriculture as a business and valeu addition • Profitability and competitiveness. • Cognizance of land tenure systems. • Stakeholder involvement. • Cognizance of international Treaties, Protocols and Agreements. • Private sector-led agricultural development. • Agricultural diversification. • Cooperatives as a vehicle for agriculture growth
OBJECTIVES OF THE SNAP • The Vision of SNAP will be attained through: • Strengthening the policy, legal and regulatory framework • Implementing and achieving the following policy objectives and their measures;
1. Increase agricultural production, productivity and value addition 2. Increase effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural Research and Development 3. Strengthen the capacities of Agricultural Training Institutions 4. Improve the efficiency of agricultural markets for inputs and outputs 5. Promote availability of and accessibility to agricultural finance, credit facilities and insurance
(FISP, E-Voucher) 6. Increase private sector participation in agricultural development 7. Improve food and nutrition security 8. Promote the sustainable management and use of natural resources 9. Mainstream environment and Climate Change in the agriculture sector 10. Promote the mainstreaming of Gender, HIV and AIDS, and governance issues in agriculture
Agricultural Diversification
Improved household
income
Climate Change Mitigation
Nutritional /Food Security
Improved Production and
Productivity
Interrelationships Among Objectives
With Value Addition as the major focus
The over-riding objective of this Policy is to; 1. Accelerate reduction of food and nutrition insecurity 2. Accelerate reduction of poverty 3. Increase agriculture sector growth and employment.
IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
• Institutional Arrangement • Legal and Regulatory Framework • Cross cutting issues Gender HIV and AIDS Climate Change Capacity Building
• Resource Mobilization Government annual budget Private sector investment Development Partners Non-state actors.
• Monitoring and Evaluation
SHARE OF AGRIBUSINESS IN AGRICULTURE VALUE-CHAIN
Global: Agribusiness accounts for 78% of
value added in the value chain
Most of LDCs: Agribusiness accounts for 38%
Transformation entails a shift to the Global status where agribusiness accounts for a larger share of value addion
спасибо THANK YOU