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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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Legendary Balloon Flight of V.F. Hess
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Expected was radiation of ground, then decrease of Ion Pairas Balloon Ascended.But, it increased ! => Radiation is Coming from the Sky
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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Indirect (Air Shower)
Direct (Balloon or Satellite)
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Balloon Borne (BESS)
Satellite (ISS, AMS02)
Direct Observation
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Indirect Observation (Air Shower)
Yangbajing Tibet, China
Auger Array
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Knee
Ankle
(2nd knee)
The Energy spectrum of cosmic ray multiplied by (All particle)๐ธ2.5
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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LHC : Man Made Largest Accelerator
For 14TeV and 10T ,We get ~4.6km๐๐
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Hillas Diagram (List of Cosmic Ray Accelerator)
1017eV
1014eV
1011eV
1020eV (proton)
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Main Mechanism => Shock of Super Nova
In strong shock M>1, then we getThis is very close to spectral index of cosmic rays at low energies.
Energy gain in a round trip
Survive Probability in lโs round trip
After l times round trip
Finally formed energy spectra
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Observed Shock in Super Nova Remnant
But, is the mechanism same up to high energy end ?
๐๐ = 3.314 ร 103
202.3
๐๐ = 3.3 โ 14 ร 103
20๐๐ =
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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23
Anisotropy Amplitude at Higher Energies
More Experimental Test Needed !
Amplitude Large
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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25
Cosmic Rays Responsible to Atmospheric Neutrino GeV
Knee Ankle
1015-1016 eV 1018-1019 eV
Our target
From the talk of M.Shibata, this conf.
โพ 100
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Created by Fisson ofC, N, O
Chemical Composition of Cosmic Rays
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Solar Abundance ~ Cosmic Abundance
Nucleon Synthesis
Big Bang => P, He, Li (not all)
Inside of StarHydrogen Burning (D fusion PP chain, CNO sycle) => He
He Burning => Be, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si S, Ar, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ne
Li Burning => Be, (Breaking of Li in Brown Dwarf)
Carbon Burning => He, O, Ne, Na, Mg,
Oxygen Burning => Si, P, S, Mg
Silicon Burning => S, Ar, Ca, Ti, Cr,Fe, Ni, Zn
Super Nova or Brown DwarfR-process, S-process for heavier then Fe
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Nucleon Synthesis in Periodic Table
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AMS02 observation of Li, Be, B
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FromE.S. Seo @ ICRC2009
Other chemical compositionsare also considered in the calculation, but they give small contributions.
Energy Spectrum of Each Nucleon
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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Some Results from Direct Observation
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Cosmic Ray Spectra Model Based on AMS02 Observation
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Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy1, Over View
Discovery : Legendary baloon flight of Victor Hess
Observation of Cosmic Rays : Satellite, Balloon (Direct), Air shower (Indirect)
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays : from eV to eV
Source of Cosmic Rays : Probably Acceleration in Supernova Shock
Arriving Direction : Very Uniform, anisotropy amplitude is at eV
Time variation : => 4, Solar Modulation
2, Results of Direct Observation ( eV)
Chemical Composition : Proton, Helium, and All Stable Nuclei
3, Some Results from AMS02 and Some Other Precision Measurements
4, Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
๐ฝ โ ๐ธโ3 109 1020
โพ 10โ3 1013
โพ 1015
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Solar Modulation and Neutron Monitor
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Solar Modulated Flux at Fixed Energy
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Practical Formula for Solar Modulation
Where a is from right figure,and N is the Count of NewarkNeutron Monitor.
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The Energy spectrum of cosmic ray (All particle)
Direct Observation
Indirect Observation