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Objectives
Identify the roles and responsibilities of personnel in mental health care, including the jobs and job responsibilities of mental health aides and mental health technicians.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 162
Objectives (cont.)
Compare the roles and responsibilities of licensed mental health care providers, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Understand safety and legal issues related to the use of restraints.
Successfully complete 3 mental health procedures.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 163
World Health Organization (WHO)
International organization concerned with the health of the world population
Definition of Health
“Health is not merely the absence of disease but total physical, social, and psychological health”
Wholistic Health– Treating the whole person
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 164
Careers in Mental Health 16-1
The Mental Health AideThe Mental Health TechnicianThe Social WorkerThe CounselorThe PsychologistThe Psychiatrist
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 165
The Mental Health Aide
Job Responsibilities– provide assistance with everyday
activities of daily living (ADL’s)
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The Mental Health Aide
In general, high school diploma needed
Certification as a Nursing assistant
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The Mental Health TechnicianJob Responsibilities
– Provide direct patient care by changing dressings, taking vital signs, turning and moving patients and helping patients bathe, groom and eat.
– observe and record behavior presenting findings to the team
– lead educational and recreational activities– accompany clients to and from examinations,
treatments – may lead small groups– Assist in giving medications
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 168
The Mental Health Technician
Also known as a psychiatric technician. Work under the direct supervision of a psychiatrist or psychologist
Training may be a 2 year degree at a Career and Technical Center or College
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 169
The Social Worker
Minimum of a bachelor’s degree for entry into the field
Many positions require a master’s degree
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Job Description
Aid people who have difficulty coping with various problems by helping them make adjustments in their lives and /or by referring them to community resources for assistance
Chapter 1610
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1611
The Social Worker
– Help clients solve personal and family problems.
– Work with clients who have social problems ie: housing, unemployment, lack of job skills, financial distress
– may help clients living in inappropriate conditions.
– Perform direct counseling
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1612
The Social Worker
– Assist clients in finding effective solutions and community resources, refer clients to specialists, emotional support, arrange adoptions, foster care
– May help resolve abusive situations such as spousal or child abuse.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1613
The Social Worker (cont.)
Job Responsibilities (cont.)– Provide emotional support during crisis.– Evaluate individuals in the criminal justice
system and perform pre-sentencing assessments.
– Make recommendations to courts regarding clients.
– Arrange adoptions and foster homes.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1614
The Counselor
Someone who gives advice about problems
Nearly two-thirds have a master’s degree.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1615
The Counselor (cont.)
Types– School and college counselors– Rehabilitation counselors work with clients
who may have social and/or vocational disabilities.
– Mental health counselors may work with clients dealing with addictions, substance abuse, thoughts of suicide, stress, and self-esteem problems.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1616
The Counselor (cont.)
– Assist clients with common social and behavioral problems.
– Offer drug and alcohol prevention programs.– Assist clients in anger management.– Identify and intervene in abuse situations.– Help clients overcome the effects of
disabilities.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1617
The Psychologist
Most work in clinical area; others work in research.
May also be consultants.Four years of education
with postgraduate work
leading to a doctorate
degree
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1618
The Psychologist
It is better to have a master’s in psychology than a bachelor degree!!!!!
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1619
The Psychologist (cont.)
Job Responsibilities– study the human behavior and the mind – help mentally and/or emotionally disturbed
clients design and plans to deal with ADLs– help clients adjust to life changes – work through personal crisis.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1620
The Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in mental health.
A medical Doctor… 4 years of undergraduate 4 years of medical school Internship of 3-8 years of residency and
internship
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1621
The Psychiatrist (cont.)
Job Responsibilities – Medical doctor who heads up a mental
health team – In charge of assessment, diagnosis of the
client. – Oversees plan of care
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1622
Psychiatrist vs. Psychologist
Psychiatrist– Medical doctor
Psychologist– Not a medical doctor– Education to bachelor’s, master’s or doctorate
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1623
Mental Health Procedures 16-2
Physical Restraints Chemical Restraints Reality Orientation
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1624
Physical Restraints
Must be ordered by a physician and must never be used as punishment.
All other methods of ensuring the client’s safety must be assessed and eliminated prior to using restraints.
If used inappropriately considered “false imprisonment”
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1625
Chemical Restraints
Chemical restraints should not be used unless the client presents a clear and present danger that cannot be treated through other means.
A physician must prescribe the medication. The 5 patient rights for medication must be
followed and reviewed 3 times. Positively identify the client. Make sure the client has taken all the
medication.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1626
Reality Orientation
Reality orientation is helping the client to become aware of his or her surroundings, the date and time, and other information about his or her present situation.
TODAY IS:Monday, March 31
THE WEATHER IS:Sunny and Warm
ACTIVITIES:Group Mtg. 2:00 pm
in dining room
An orientation board may be posted in the client’s room.
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Types of Mental Disorders Depression
– a mental state characterized by a sense of inadequacy, sadness, and a lack of activity
Obsessive-compulsive behavior– an anxiety disorder characterized by
recurrent and persistent thoughts and feelings and repetitive, ritualized behaviors
Chapter 1627
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Types of Mental Disorders
Panic disorder– an anxiety disorder
characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
Chapter 1628
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Paranoid disorder– a psychological
disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur
Phobias– an anxiety disorder
characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations
Chapter 1629
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Post-traumatic stress disorder– any condition that
develops following some stressful situation or event; such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, withdrawal or lack of concentration
Chapter 1630
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Bipolar disorder (manic / depressive)– presence of episodes of abnormally elevated mood
clinically referred to as mania… mixed with episodes of severe depression
Chapter 1631
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Schizophrenia– several psychotic disorders characterized by
distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact
– Hallucinations… see and hear things that are not real
Chapter 1632
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Self-mutilation– deliberate infliction of tissue damage or alteration to
oneself without suicidal intent
Chapter 1633
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Anorexia– Irrational fear of becoming fat if person eats
Bulemia– eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge
eating, followed by defensive vomiting, sometimes called purging; fasting, the use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, and over exercising
Chapter 1634
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SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder)– a mood disorder with depressive symptoms in the
winter
Chapter 1635