Copyright 2009 Prentice Hall
Chapter 1
New World Beginnings, 33,000
B.C.E.–1769 C.E.
Figure 1-1a p5
I. The Shaping of North America
• The Geography of North America– Mountains– Glaciers
I. The Mountains of North America
Rocky Mountain National Park
Smoky Mountain National Park
Glaciers caused the North American landscape to be transformed.
II. Peopling the Americas
A land bridge connected Eurasiawith North America
III. THE EARLIEST AMERICANS(PRE-COLUMBIAN CIVILIZATIONS)
• The Incas of Peru• Mayans in Central America• Aztecs in Mexico• Moundbuilders in theOhio River Valley.• Mississippian settlement was at Cahokia.• Iroquois Confederacy in Eastern Great Lakes
Agricultural Based Societies
Three-sister farmingMaize (corn)BeansSquash
Early Peruvian ArtEarly Peruvian Art
Map 1-2 p9
IncanIncanEmpiresEmpires
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Mayan EmpiresMayan Empires
Aztec EmpireAztec Empire
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CahokiaCahokia(Mississippian Culture)(Mississippian Culture)
IV. Indirect Discoverers of the New World
• Norse seafarers from Scandinavia (Vikings)– Newfoundland, spot called Vinland.
• Confirmed
• Polynesian Contact ?
VikingExploration
V. Europeans Enter Africa
• Crusades and the ‘riches’ of the East• Marco Polo travels to the East
• Portuguese explore Sub-Saharan Africa– Plantation system founded– Slave trade started
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Map 1-3 p11
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Goree IslandGoree IslandSlave FortressSlave Fortress
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DoorDoorof Noof No
ReturnReturn
VI. Columbus Comes upon a New World
• Christopher Columbus supported by Spanish• Ships landed on an island in the Bahamas• Columbus called the native peoples “Indians.”• A new global economic system emerged
– “The Columbian Exchange”
Figure 1-2 p14
VII. When Worlds CollideVII. When Worlds Collide
VIII. The Spanish Conquistadores
• “God, gold, and glory” motivated many
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided “New World” between Spain and Portugal
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Map 1-4 p16
Map 1-5 p17
IX. The Conquest of Mexico• Herman Cortés goal to capture Aztec capital
(Tenochtitlan)
• Moctezuma attacks, noche triste (sad night)
• Cortés and Spanish win
• Spanish and Indians intermarry– Create distinctive mestizos culture
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TenochtitlanTenochtitlan(Aztec Capital)(Aztec Capital)
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X. The Spread of Spanish America
• The Spanish built forts and churches– Florida, New Mexico, California, Texas– And defended ‘their’ territory
Map 1-6 p21
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