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Coordination Compounds
They’re complex.
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• A coordination compound is the result of a Lewis acid-base reaction.
M+a + x :L-b [MLx]a-xb
Lewis Acid Lewis Base Complex Ion
A coordination compound is an ionic compound that includes a complex ion.
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For example
“Ligand” =“tied on”
Cu+2 + 4:NH3 [Cu(NH3)4] +2
Lewis Acid Lewis Base Complex Ion
The complex ion is a metal ion with ligands “tied on” to it.
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For example
Cu+2 +SO4-2 + 4:NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]SO4
• The same complex ion as part of a coordination compound:
tetraamminecopper (II) sulfate
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For example
You have seen that the anhydrous copper (II) ion is colorless. In an aqueous system:
[Cu(H2O)6]+2 + 4:NH3 [Cu(NH3)4H2O] +2
…the copper (II) ion is already part of a complex
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Remember hydrates?
• CuSO4•5H2O
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Remember hydrates?
• CuSO4•5H2O
• Or is it….
[Cu(H2O:)5]SO4?
pentaaquocopper (II) sulfate
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We use brackets around a complex ion.
[complex ion]
• A coordination compound has a complex ion (cation, anion or both!)
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Naming a coordination compound
• Name the (+) ion first.
• Name (-) ion
• How do we name the complex ion?
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• Start with the metal—state the oxidation number.
• Use Latin roots and –ate ending when it is an anion (- ion) .
• Prefixes (with numerical prefixes) show ligands. Many ligands end in –o-.
• Special names when used as a ligand
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Special names when used as a ligand
• H2O– aquo-• NH3– ammine-• CN- --cyano-• CO --carbonyl-• OH- --hydroxo-• Chloro- iodo- bromo- etc.
• When using (en) or (EDTA), numerical prefixes include: bis- for 2, tris- for 3, tetrakis- for 4
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• Different ligands are listed in alphabetical order (regardless of numerical prefix)