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CONTROL STRATEGY AND SIZING OF A FLYWHEEL ENERGY
STORAGE PLANT FOR THE FREQUENCY CONTROL OF AN
ISOLATED WIND-HYDRO POWER SYSTEM(presented in the 15th Wind Integration Workshop)
BLANCA TORRES VARA
JOSÉ IGNACIO SARASÚA MORENO
JUAN IGNACIO PÉREZ-DÍAZTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MADRID
MARCOS LAFOZUNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS CIEMAT
Control strategy and sizing of a flywheel energy storage plant for the frequency control of an isolated wind-hydro power system 1
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Control strategy and sizing of a flywheel energy storage plant for the frequency control of an isolated wind-hydro power system 2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION
3. CONTROL STRATEGIES
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. FUTURE WORK
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Control strategy and sizing of a flywheel energy storage plant for the frequency control of an isolated wind-hydro power system 3
1. INTRODUCTION (I)
OBJECTIVE:Analyze the contribution of a flywheel energy storage system to reduce the
impact of wind power variability on the frequency of an isolated wind
hydropower system based on El Hierro Island (Spain)
MOTIVATION:Penetration of Renewable Energies causing a deterioration in the system
frequency (specially severe in isolated power systems)
Challenges:
Increase the electrical energy storage
Mantain system reliability
Flywheel Energy
Storage System
FESS
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1. INTRODUCTION (II)
CONTEXT: El Hierro Island
10.000 hab.
Peak Demand 6.9 MW
11,5MW 11,3 MW 12,7 MW
+ +
Pump storage hydropower plant
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Peak Demand
6,9 MW
Control strategy and sizing of a flywheel energy storage plant for the frequency control of an isolated wind-hydro power system 5
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION (I)
REALITY MODEL
Wind farm (5x2,3MW) Wind 2,3 MW
Pumped Storage Power Plant (4x2,83MW) Hydro 5,6 MW
Diesel Power plant (12,7 MW) FESS
25kW*Number of Flywheels
++
KEYS: Only inertial effects
Pumped storage power plant only in generating mode
Wind and FESS have frequency converters
All loads resistive
Wind does not contribute to frequency regulation
+ + …+
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2. MODEL DESCRIPTION (II)
INPUTS: Load
Wind
OUTPUTS: Frequency
Power delivered
State of charge (SOC)
Nozzles position
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3. CONTROL STRATEGIES (I)
NON-LINEAR PROPORTIONAL SCHEME
DROOP BASED SCHEME
PD_FESS UPDATE PERIOD 1 SECOND
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3. CONTROL STRATEGIES (II)
DROOP BASED SCHEME: Deadband
Droop
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3. CONTROL STRATEGIES (III)
NON-LINEAR PROPORTIONAL SCHEME
Deadband
Vertex (V)
IF F < 50 Hz - deadband
IF SOC > V IF SOC < V
VPd_FESS = Pmax Pd_FESS = Pmax * (V-SOC)V
1-V 1-V
IF F>50 Hz + deadband
IF SOC < 1 - V IF SOC > 1- V
Pd_FESS = - Pmax Pd_FESS = - Pmax* (SOC-(1-V))
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (I)
KEYS: Load 5,1 MW constant
Phyd 0 3,3 MW
Pwind 0 1,8 MW
SOC0=0.5
3500 s
Single Wind Power Scenario
Sets of simulations:
STRATEGY DROOP BASED NON-LINEAR PROPORTIONAL
Number of flywheels [2,4,6…20] [2,4,6…20]
Deadband (mHz) [15, 30, 45] [15, 30, 45]
Droop (%) [1, 2, 3] -
Vertex (p.u SOC) - [0,2; 0,5; 0,8]
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (II)
500 s
6 flywheels (6x25kW)
Deadband 30 mHz
Droop 1% // Vertex 0,5 p.u SOC
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (III)
500 s
6 flywheels (6x25kW)
Deadband 30 mHz
Droop 1% // Vertex 0,5 p.u SOC
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (IV)
500 s
6 flywheels (6x25kW)
Deadband 30 mHz
Droop 1% // Vertex 0,5 p.u SOC
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (V)
500 s
6 flywheels (6x25kW)
Deadband 30 mHz
Droop 1% // Vertex 0,5 p.u SOC
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (VI)
500 s
6 flywheels (6x25kW)
Deadband 30 mHz
Droop 1% // Vertex 0,5 p.u SOC
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (VII)
VARIABLES
Pumped-storage power plant Turbine nozzle servomotor fatigue sum(t,delta(z))
Flywheel energy storage plant Cycles per hour
Frequency deviation Maximum frequency (max f)Minimum frequency (min f)Mean average frequency deviation (avdf)
CRITERIA TO CHOSE THE OPTIMUM CONTROLLER PARAMETERS
DROOP BASED NON-LINEAR
PROPORTIONAL
Deadband Deadband
Droop Vertex
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (VIII)
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (IX)
Each number of flywheels with the optimal controller configuration
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4. SIMULATION RESULTS (X)
Each number of flywheels with the optimal controller configuration
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5. CONCLUSIONS
Fywheels yield better results in terms of frequency NLP controller action means a stronger participation than DP:
Average frequency v/s Fatigue Sizing of flywheels: More is not always better
NO
FLYWHEELS
4 FLYWHEELS 6 FLYWHEELS
DB NLP DB NLP
Min. Frequency (Hz) 48,80 49,58 49,51 49,66 49,58
Max. Frequency (Hz) 51,20 50,61 50,8443 50,53 50,65
Average frequency (Hz) 0,18 0,10 (-44%) 0,07 (-64%) 0,09 (-51%) 0,07 (-78%)
Turbine nozzle servomotor fatigue (p.u)
8,01 3,29 (-59%) 3,34 (-58%) 2,74 (-66%) 4,21(-47%)
Cycles/hour - 0,77 2,30 0,66 1,69
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6. FUTURE WORK
Multiple criteria analysis Several wind power scenarios More control strategies Review of literature and real practices Artificial inertial response of wind generators Contingency analysis
“Continuos improvement is better than delayed perfection”
Mark Twain
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7. ONGOING WORK (I)
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7. ONGOING WORK (II)
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CONTROL STRATEGY AND SIZING OF A FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE PLANT FOR THE
FREQUENCY CONTROL OF AN ISOLATED WIND-HYDRO POWER SYSTEM
BLANCA TORRES VARA
JOSÉ IGNACIO SARASÚA MORENO
JUAN IGNACIO PÉREZ-DÍAZTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MADRID
MARCOS LAFOZUNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS CIEMAT
Control strategy and sizing of a flywheel energy storage plant for the frequency control of an isolated wind-hydro power system 24
Thank you