8/10/2019 Contents Structural Use of Glass in Buildings Second Edition

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Contents

List of tables v

Notation vi

Foreword vii

1 Structural use of glass 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 History of glass 2

1.3 Scope 4

1.4 Status 4

1.5 References 4

2 The challenge of sustainability 5

2.1 Sustainability interconnections why a holistic approach

is needed 5

2 Design principles 5

2.1 Glass material properties 52.2 Behaviour of glass as a structural material 5

2.3 Glass types 6

2.3.1 The four variants 6

2.3.2 Annealed glass 6

2.3.3 Heat-strengthened glass 7

2.3.4 Thermally toughened glass 8

2.3.5 Chemically toughened glass 8

2.3.6 Heat soaking 9

2.3.7 Laminated glass 10

2.3.8 Glass coatings 12

2.3.9 Material properties of glass 12

2.4 Connections in glass 13

2.4.1 Localised stress 13

2.4.2 Continuous linear supports 132.4.3 Clamp fixings 13

2.4.4 Bolted fixings 14

2.4.5 Adhesives 15

2.5 Limitations of material 15

2.5.1 Introduction 15

2.5.2 Inherent properties 16

2.5.3 Manufacture 16

2.5.4 Transport and installation 16

2.6 Post-failure behaviour 16

2.6.1 Post-failure behaviour of monolithic glass 16

2.6.2 Post-failure behaviour of laminated glass 17

2.6.3 Redundancy and post-failure behaviour of glass 17

2.7 Application of limit state theory 17

2.8 References 17

3 Design criteria 19

3.1 Introduction 19

3.2 Stress limits 19

3.3 Support movements 20

3.4 Serviceability limits 20

3.5 Fire protection and extreme loading conditions 20

3.5.1 Introduction 20

3.5.2 Design criteria for fire protection 20

3.5.3 Design criteria for blast loading 21

3.5.4 Design criteria for seismic loading 22

3.6 Location 23

3.6.1 Introduction 23

3.6.2 Post-failure behaviour of glass at height 233.7 Environment 23

3.8 Testing 24

3.9 Testing methodology 24

3.10 Codified approach to testing 24

3.11 References 26

4 Analysis of glass structures 27

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 Modelling techniques 27

4.2.1 Methodology 27

4.2.2 Simple global model 274.2.3 Detailed local models 28

4.2.4 Detailed global model 28

4.3 Analysis types 29

4.3.1 Linear vs. non-linear 29

4.3.2 Linear elastic analysis 29

4.3.3 Non-linear analysis 29

4.4 Design examples 29

4.4.1 Description 29

4.4.2 Advanced analysis techniques 30

4.5 Interrogation of model and results 31

4.5.1 Interpretation 31

4.5.2 Initial model checks 32

4.5.3 Verification of results 32

4.6 References 33

5 Glass in the building envelope 34

5.1 Introduction 34

5.2 Design of glass panes within cladding units 34

5.2.1 Parameters 34

5.2.2 Material choice 35

5.2.3 Design principles 35

5.2.4 Methods of connection 35

5.2.5 Serviceability 35

5.2.6 Initial sizing 36

5.3 Design of insulating glazed units 36

5.3.1 Description 36

5.3.2 Material choice 36

5.3.3 Design principles 375.3.4 Methods of support 37

5.3.5 Serviceability 37

5.4 References 37

6 Connection design 38

6.1 Introduction 38

6.2 Continuous linear support connections 38

6.3 Clamp connections 38

6.4 Friction connections 38

6.5 Bolted connections 39

6.6 Adhesive based connections 40

6.7 Worked example 41

6.8 References 41

7 Glass balustrades 42

7.1 Introduction 42

7.2 Design principles 42

7.3 Material selection 43

7.4 Methods of connection 43

7.5 Serviceability 44

7.6 Initial sizing 45

7.7 Design criteria 45

7.8 Worked example for balustrade design 46

7.9 References 48

8 Element design 49

8.1 Glass floor plate design 49

8.1.1 Introduction 498.1.2 Design principles 49

8.1.3 Material selection 50

8.1.4 Methods of connection 50

8.1.5 Serviceability 51

8.1.6 Initial sizing 51

The Institution of Structural Engineers Structural use of glass in buildings (Second edition) iii

8/10/2019 Contents Structural Use of Glass in Buildings Second Edition

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