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Confined Spaces
in Construction
Notes PacketCopyright OSHA Training Services Inc. All Rights Reserved - 2015
Confined Space Accidents
Approximately___people per year have _____ each
year in confined space related accidents at
construction sites in the USA
Over 800 serious ____________ per year
Relatively low percentage of workplace fatalities andinjuries, but a high _________
Some of these fatalities were experienced by would-
be rescuers mostly good Samaritans rushing into
the space to __________ a co-worker in trouble
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Confined Space Accidents
Why is working inside of Confined Spaces so
dangerous?
o Being inside of a confining area __________ severity
of hazards
Close proximity to hazard / difficult to ___________
Harder to _____ from inside the space if incapacitated
Out of ___________ / Out of mind
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In the 1970s & 1980s, a comprehensive _______
standard regulating confined space entry was non-
existent
o Only a _____ OSHA references to welding inside tanks /
telecom manholes . . .
Some voluntary consensus standards existed for
___________ space entry
o NIOSH / ANSI (_________)
o_______________ / Ineffective
OSHA set out to develop ____________ confined
space entry standards
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
Federal OSHA promulgated a Permit-Required
Confined Space (PRCS) Entry standard for
___________ _____________ in 1993 . . .
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
OSHA Standards29 CFR
o___________General Industry
_______________________
Processing Plants
Transportation / Warehousing Service Industries
_________________ Industry
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
OSHA Standards29 CFR
o Part ________Shipbuilding . . .
Subpart B, Confined and enclosed
__________ and other dangerous
atmospheres
o 1915.11, Scope, application, and
definitions
o 1915.12, Precautions and the order of
testingo 1915.13, Cleaning and other cold work
o 1915.14, Hot work
o 1915.15, Maintenance of safe
conditions
o 1915.16, Warning signs and labels
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
OSHA Standards29 CFR
o Part 1926________________
Subpart CGeneral Provisions
o 1926.21(b)(6)(i). . . instruct
employees as to the nature of
hazards in confined & enclosed
spaces, and precautions
necessary to work safely . . .
_____ 1926 standard for confined
space entry in construction issued
in May of ________
o Subpart _______
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OSHA Confined Space Standards
OSHA Standards29 CFR
o Part 1926Construction
_________ construction
Major ___________________
____________________
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Subpart ____ Confined Spaces in Construction
1926.1208 - Duties of
authorized entrants
1926.1209 - Duties of
attendants
1926.1210 - Duties of entry
supervisors 1926.1211 - _________ and
emergency services
1926.1212 - Employee
participation
1926.1213 - Provision of
documents to Secretary
1926.1200 - Reserved
1926.1201 - Scope
1926.1202 - _____________
1926.1203 - General
requirements
1926.1204 - Permit-requiredconfined space program
1926.1205 - Permitting
process
1926.1206 - Entry _________
1926.1207 - Training
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oOther _______________ OSHA Standards 1926 Subpart E
o1926.95 ~107 - ___________ Protective Equipment
1910 Subpart I
o1910.134 - __________________ Protection
1926 Subpart D
o1926.55-PELs for General_______ Contaminants
o1926.60-1926.65 - PELs Various Toxic Materials 1910 Subpart Z
o1910.1200 - _______________ Communication
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Subpart AA Confined Spaces in Construction
Permit Required?o company generated Checklist _______________ entry
o identifies the space to be entered and its hazards
o prescribes safety ________________ to be followed
o assigns duties and responsibilities of all employees
o lists ______________ response / rescue procedures to be
utilized
o _____________ by entry supervisor to authorize entry
Government EstimateFull implementation
of this standard will prevent >_____% of the
confined space fatalities in construction
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Subpart AA Confined Spaces in Construction
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Scope of Standard
1926.1201(a) - Scope. This standard sets
forth requirements for practices and
procedures to protect employees engaged in
__________ activities at a worksite with one
or more confined spaces subject to the
exceptions in paragraph (b) of this section.
o
Does ______ apply to General Industry work (1910)o Does not apply to Shipbuilding / Shipbreaking (1915)
o_________ apply to construction work conducted at
general industry work sites and shipyards
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Scope of Standard
1926.1201(b) - Exceptions. This standard
_______ _______ ____________ to:
(1) Construction work regulated by 1926
Subpart P - ____________________.
(2) Construction work regulated by 1926Subpart S - Underground Construction,
Caissons, Cofferdams and Compressed Air.
(3) Construction work regulated by 1926
Subpart Y - ________________.
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Definitions - 1926._______
oKey definitions for many terms used in
1926 Subpart ________
oAlphabetical order
oNo _______________ for some key terms
Other resources
o___________ to final 1926 & 1910rules (Federal Registers)oOSHA letters of interpretation / directives
oOSHA confined space ____________
oOther OSHA reference documents
owww.osha._______
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Definitions - 1926.1202
Competent person - means one who is
capable of identifying existing and
predictable ________ in the surroundings or
working conditions which are unsanitary,
hazardous, or dangerous to employees, andwho has the authorization to take prompt
____________ measures to eliminate them.
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General Requirements1926.1203
1926.1203(a)Before it begins work at a worksite, eachemployer must ensure that a __________ person identifies all
confined spaces in which one or more of the employees it
directs may work, and identifies each space that is a ________
space, through consideration and evaluation of the elements
of that space, including testing as necessary.
STEP 1Identify all of your _______________ Spaces
STEP 2Determine which Confined Spaces are ___________________ Confined Spaces (and which are not)
Employers may utilize one competent person for survey, or their own
Documentation of the survey NOT Required in OSHA ______________
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Definition of a Confined Space
See 1926.1202 - Definitionso Confined spaces are characterized by ________ ( )
criteria
o Must meet _____ three (3) criteria of the OSHA
definition
REMEMBER whether or not a ________ ispresent within the space is not relevant at this
point
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Definition of a Confined Space
(1) - The Space is Large Enough
and So Configured that an
Employee can Bodily Enter It
o The employee can fit __________
inside the space
o The standard is only intended to
apply to spaces large enough
and configured so the _________
body of an employee can enter
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Definition of a Confined Space
(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry orExit
o Does____mean _____ way in or out.
o Means a condition that has a potentialto impede an employees movement into
or ________ of a confined space.o Such conditions include, but are not
limited to, trip hazards, poor illumination,slippery floors, inclining surfaces and___________________.
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o Any space where an occupant must
_____________, climb, twist, be constrained in a
narrow opening, follow a lengthy path or otherwise exert unusual
effort to enter or leave, or where the entrance may become sealed or
secured against opening from inside. see OSHA Confined Space Advisor
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Definition of a Confined Space
(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry orExit
o_________________
o Hatches
o____________________
o Ladders
o Spiral Stairways / SteepStairways
o Tight ____________ Spaceso Long Travel ___________ to Exit
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Definition of a Confined Space
(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit
o______________? Not addressed in 1926 Subpart AA
Preamble to final _______ rule. . .OSHA notes that doorways and otherportals through which a person canwalk are _______ to be considered alimited means of entry or exit.However, a space containing such adoor or portal may still be deemed aconfined space if an entrants abilityto escape in an emergency would be
_________________.
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Definition of a Confined Space
(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit
o Door(s)? Not addressed in 1926 Subpart AA
Preamble to final 1910 rule
Federal register amendment - 1910. . . even if the door or portal of aspace is of sufficient ___________,obstructions could make entry into orexit from the space difficult. The
Agency intended that spaces whichotherwise meet the definition ofconfined spaces, and which haveobstructed entry or exits even thoughthe portal is a standard size doorway,be classified as confined spaces.
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Definition of a Confined Space
(2) - The Space has Limited orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit
o Keep in mind: Means of entry and exit can
change as work _______________
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Definition of a Confined Space
(3) - The Space is _____ Designed forContinuous Employee Occupancy
- this particular utility vault IS NOTdesigned for continuous occupancy
- this particular utility vault____designedfor continuous occupancy
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Definition of a Confined Space
(1) - The Space is Large Enough andSo Configured that an Employee can__________ __________r It . . .
(2) - The Space has _____________ orRestricted Means for Entry or Exit,
and . . .(3) - The Space is _____ Designed forContinuous Employee Occupancy
____ THREE Criteria Must be In Placeto Be Considered a Confined Space
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Examples of ___________ Spaces
Rememberthese are some
examples of confined spaces, but
they are not necessarily_______-
requiredconfined spaces.
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Examples of Confined Spaces
____________
______/Storage Bins
______ Handlers
______________ Smoke
Stacks / __________
Escalator ________
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Examples of Confined Spaces
_______________
_______________
_______________
__________ Tanks
_________ Spaces
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Examples of Confined Spaces
______________
___ Stations/Digesters
_____ Drains/Culverts
__________ Tanks Utility ___________
________________
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Examples of Confined Spaces
_____ Leveler Pits
Utility __________
_________ Spaces
Open Top ______
Conveyor _______
________ Shafts /Pits
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Types of Confined Spaces
Confined Spaces
______-RequiredConfinedSpaces
____-PermitRequiredSpaces
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Definition - Permit-Required Confined Space
See 1926.1202 - Definitionso There are four (4) characteristics that can turn a
confined space into a _________-required confined
space (PRCS)
Actual or potential hazardous ___________________
Contains material with potential to ________ entrant
Configured to _________ or asphyxiate entrant
Contains other recognized serious safety or health_______________
o Only takes one of these to trigger the ___________
designation
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Hazardous Atmosphere - >10% LFL
See Definitions1926.1202
________ different classifications of
Hazardous Atmosphereo Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than ____% LFL
LFL= ___________ flammable limit
Also widely known as _______ = lower explosive limit
Minimum amount of _______ necessary to be present to burn
Expressed as a _________________ (e.g.: the LEL of CH4 is 5.0%)
Different flammable materials have _______________ LELs
Gases also have an ________ (upper explosive limit)
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Hazardous Atmosphere - >10% LFL
COMMON COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS
LEL UEL
Acetone 2.5 12.8
Acetylene 2.5 100.0
Gasoline 1.4 7.6
Heptane 1.05 6.7
Iso-Alcohol 2.0 12.7
Methane 5.0 15.0
MEK 1.4 11.4
Pentane 1.5 7.8
Propane 2.1 9.5
Toluene 1.1 7.1
Xylene 1.1 7.0
Methane (CH4) ______________
Non-toxic
______________
Odorless
By-product of
decomposition of
________ matter Sewers
Manure _____
Silos
Underground_________
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Hazardous AtmosphereDust Explosion
See Definitions1926.1202
Five different varieties of
Hazardous Atmosphereso Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than
10% LFL
o Airborne combustible _____ at/greater thanits LFL*
*___ foot rule of thumb
Combustible dust suspended in _______
o Examples
____________ dust or saw dust
flour, sugar, corn starch . . . in
__________ form
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Hazardous AtmosphereOxygen Levels
See Definitions1926.1202
Five different varieties of
Hazardous Atmosphereso Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than
10% LFL
o Airborne combustible dust at/greater than
its LFL*
o Atmospheric oxygen concentration _______
19.5% or above 23.5%
Oxygen (O2) levels normally _______%
o less than 19.5% - O2___________
atmosphere
o greater than 23.5% - O2_________
atmosphere
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Hazardous AtmosphereOxygen Levels
Reasons for Oxygen Deficiencyo Consumption
o Displacement by other gasses
o Absorption
Symptoms of Oxygen Deficiencyo ______% or lesshard to breathe, nauseous, drowsy
o 12% or less_____________________
o ______% or less - asphyxiation
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Hazardous AtmosphereOxygen Levels
Reasons for Oxygen Enrichmento Introduction of _______ O2into space
______________ hose, pipe, or valve
Pure O2 used for ventilating a space
o Never do thisonly ventilate w/
____________ air
o ________ take gas cylinders into the
space
Hazards of Oxygen Enrichment
o Oxygen _________________ fires O2saturates clothing . . .
Clothing ignites easily, burns
____________
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Hazardous AtmosphereToxicity
See Definitions1926.1202
Five different varieties of
Hazardous Atmosphereso Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than
10% LFL
o Airborne combustible dust at/greater than
its LFL*
o Atmospheric oxygen concentration below
19.5% or above 23.5%
o _______ substance(s) present in quantity
greater than the permissible exposure
limit (_______) *
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________ applies if the substance can cause death, incapacitation, impairment
in ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness due to its health effectsNo OSHA PEL? - See Safety Data Sheets (_________) or other published info for
additional guidance
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Hazardous AtmosphereToxicity
Permissible Exposure Limit (______)o Established by ____________
_________.55 . . . . . Construction
1910.1000 . . . General Industry
1915.1000 . . . Shipbuilding
_________-Plan OSHA Program Standards
o Other Limits (________________)
ACGIH (threshold limit values / ____________)
NIOSH (recommended exposure limits / ______________)
Internal ___________________ Limits
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Hazardous AtmosphereToxicity
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
o Established by OSHA
1926.55 . . . . . Construction
Limits for gasses & vapors listed
as ________
Most PELs are based on an8 hour time-weighted average
(aka 8-hour _________)
Some based on ______ minute
Short Term Exposure Limit
(aka ST or STEL)
Some based on a Ceiling Limit(instantaneous limit, designated by _____)
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Hazardous AtmosphereToxicity
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)o By-product of decomposing
organic matter (oil & gas operations,_______________, fermentation)
o Low odor threshold (smells like_____________ eggs)
o Disables sense of _________ at
higher levels
o OSHA PEL__ ppm / C-20 ppm
NIOSHC-10 ppm
o Symptoms of Over-Exposure
___ irritation, nausea, hard to
breath, headache
Convulsions,
unconsciousness, death
Carbon Monoxide (CO)o By-product of incomplete
combustion (flue gas / engine__________________)
o Known as Silent Killer
Colorless / ______________
o OSHA PEL_____ ppm
NIOSH35 ppm / C-200
ppm
Cal/OSHA25 ppm
o
Symptoms of Over-Exposure Headache, nausea, red
__________
Unconsciousness
Death
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DefinitionHazardous Atmosphere
See Definitions1926.1202
Five different varieties of
Hazardous Atmosphereso Flammable gas/vapor/mist greater than
10% LFL
o Airborne combustible dust at/greater than
its LFL*
o Atmospheric oxygen concentration below
19.5% or above 23.5%
o Toxic substance(s) present in quantity
greater than the permissible exposure limit
(PEL) *
o Any other atmosphere that is Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health (________)
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Hazardous AtmosphereIDLH
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Healtho 1926.1202means any condition that would interfere
with an individuals ability to escape_________ from a
permit space and that poses a threat to life or that
would cause irreversible adverse health effects.
Examplesoverexposure to hydrogen fluoride gas or
_______________ vapors
o Term is also used in OSHA 1910.134 / respiratory
protection standard means __ deficient atmosphere, or unknown atmosphere
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Definition - Permit-Required Confined Space
See 1926.1202 - Definitionso There are four (4) characteristics that can turn a
confined space into a permit-required confined
space (PRCS)
Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere
Contains liquid or material with potential to
_______________entrant
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Engulfment See Definition1926.1202
Surrounded or Captured by . . .
o______________ _____________
Pipelines
_____________
Process tanks
o Finely divided ____________
_______________ elevators/ storagebins
___________ (flour, sawdust, cement,
pellets . . .)
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Definition - Permit-Required Confined Space
See 1926.1202 - Definitionso There are four (4) characteristics that can turn a
confined space into a permit-required confined
space (PRCS)
Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere
Contains liquid or material with potential to
engulf entrant
Configured to_________ or asphyxiate entrant
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Entrapment Space with __________
converging walls or
downwardly sloping
floors that taper to a
small cross-section and
could ___ or asphyxiate
the entrant (bycompressing their torso -
paraphrase)
Some Examples
_____________
Discharge _______ / Silos
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Definition - Permit-Required Confined Space
See 1926.1202 - Definitionso There are four (4) characteristics that can turn a
confined space into a permit-required confined
space (PRCS)
Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere Contains liquid or material with potential to
engulf entrant
Configured to trap or asphyxiate entrant
Contains other recognized___________ safety
or health hazard
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Serious Safety or Health Hazards
No _________ of this specific phrase in1926.1202
Refer to ____________ for Subpart AA . . . hazards that could impair the ability of an
entrant to exit the space without_______.
The key determination is the likelihood that
death or serious harm will occur ___ an accident
or exposure occurs.
Some Examples
o
Mechanical Hazards (________ / gears / equipment)o Exposed ____________ Hazards
o Extreme Heat / _______________ Lines . . .
o _________________ Hazards
o ____________ / Biological or Radiation Hazards /
Venomous Snakes & Insects/ ________ Objects
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_____-Permit Required Confined Spaces
See Definition1926.1202 A non-permit confined space means a confined space
that meets the definition of a confined space but does __
meet the requirements for a permit-required confined
space . . .
No signage / no permit / no special precautions requiredto ____________
Entry employers must have a competent person re-
evaluate the non-permit space if there are any ________
to the use or configuration of the space that might
increase the hazards to entrants, or indication of problem
o If actual or potential hazard(s) are discovered, the space must
be re-classified as a __________-Required Confined Space
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Non-Permit Required Confined Spaces
EXAMPLEInstalling new stainlesssteel process tanks
o _________ held any product or material
o No agitators / No fill-lines / No other __________
o Classified as _______-Permit Confined Space
Employee enters to inspect the interior
Before leaving, he wipes out the interior
of the tank with isopropyl alcohol to
sanitize the surfaceso Creates a potentially hazardous _____________
(potentially flammable / toxic)
o Must temporarily ____________ tanks as Permit-
Required Confined Spaces during this process
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Signage Requirements
1926.1203(__) -If the workplace contains
one or more _____ spaces, the employer
who identifies, or who receives notice of,
a permit space must . . .
Inform exposed employees by posting danger
_____ or by any other equally effective means,
of the existence and location of, and thedanger posed by, each permit space; and,
________, in a timely manner and in a manner
other than posting, its employees authorized
representatives and the controlling contractor
of the existence and location of, and the
danger posed by, each permit space.
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NOTE: A sign reading DANGER - PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT
ENTER or using other _____________ language would satisfy the requirement for a sign.
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Definitions - 1926.1202
Controlling Contractor - is the employer
that has ___________ responsibility for
construction at the worksite.
o___________ applies to the General Contractor
May be _____ employer when no G.C. is utilized
oMay or may not have employees ___________
permit spaces
oMay not even be on the ______ at all times
oOSHA preambleThe controlling contractor is theinformation hub for confined-spaces information sharing
and_____________________
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Signage Requirements
Goal is to ____________ affected
employees of existence, location,
and danger of each space
See preamble to _____ confined
space rule for further guidance Provide sufficient _________ to all
affected employees at the site
_______ the entry portal w/ lock or
special fastener
o____ trained entrant(s) have the key /
tool
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____ Entry Policy
1926.1203(c)Each
employer who identifies, or
receives notice of, a permit
space and has _______
authorized employees it
directs to work in that
space must take effective
measures to ______ those
employees from entering
that permit space, inaddition to complying with
all other applicable
requirements of this
standard.
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Ensure danger _______ are posted
______ employees of the existence
and hazards of the permit spaces
Inform employees of the companys
___ ________ policy
_________ for compliance with the
policy
______________ policy!
1926.1203(f)A competent person
must ______________ non-permit
required confined spaces if there
are changes in use / configuration
that could increase hazards, or if
there is some indication the initial
evaluation was not adequate, so
that it can be reclassified as permit-
required if necessary
Entry Employers
1926.1203(d) - If any
employer decides that
employees it directs ______
______ a permit space, that
employer must have a
___________ permit space
program that complies with
1926.1204 implemented at
the construction site.
o The written program must
be made available ____ to
and during entry operations
for inspection by
employees and their
authorized reps.
1926.1203(c)Each
employer who identifies, or
receives notice of, a permit
space and has not
authorized employees it
directs to work in that
space must take effective
measures to prevent those
employees from entering
that permit space, in
addition to complying with
all other applicable
requirements of this
standard.
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Definitions - 1926.1202
Host employer - means the employer that
______ or manages the property where the
construction work is taking place.
Controlling Contractor - is the employer
that has __________ responsibility for
construction at the worksite.
Entry Employer - means any employer
who decides that an employee it directs will
___________ a permit space.
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_______ Employer Responsibilities
1926.1203(h)(1) - Before entry
operations begin, the _____ employer
must provide the following information,
if it has it, to the controlling contractor:
o The location of each known ________
space;
o The _________ or potential hazards in
each space or the reason it is a permit
space; and,
o Any _________________ that the host
employer or any previous controlling
contractor or entry employer
implemented for the protection of
employees in the permit space.
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Controlling Contractor Responsibilities
1926.1203(h)(2) - ___________ entryoperations begin, the controlling
contractor must:
o __________ the host employers information
about the permit space hazards and
previous entry operations; and,
o Provide the following information to each
____ entering a permit space and any other
entity at the worksite whose activities could
foreseeably result in a hazard in the permit
space:
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The information received from the ________ employer;
Any _____________ information the controlling contractor has about the
hazards and precautions necessary for working safely in each space; &,
The precautions that the host employer, controlling contractor, or other
entry employers implemented for the protection of employees ________
into in the permit spaces.
_________ Employer Responsibilities
1926.1203(h)(3) - ___________ entry
operations begin, each entry employer
must:
o Obtain all of the controlling
contractors information regarding
permit space __________ and entry
operations; and,
o Inform the controlling contractor of
the permit space program that the
entry employer will ______, including
any hazards likely to be confronted
or created in each permit space.
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1926.1203(h)(4) - The controllingcontractor and entry employer(s) must
____________ entry operations when:
o____ than one entity performs permit
space entry at the same time; or,
o Permit space entry is performed at
the _____ time that any activities that
could foreseeably result in a hazard
in the permit space are performed.
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Coordination Among ________1926.1203(h)
1926.1203(h)(5) - _________ entry
operations:
o The controlling contractor must ______ each
entity that entered a permit space regarding
the permit space program followed and any
hazards confronted or created in the permit
space(s) during entry operations;
o The ___________ employer must inform the
controlling contractor in a timely manner of
the permit space program followed and of
any hazards confronted or created in the
permit space(s) during entry operations;
and,
o The controlling contractor must apprise the
____ employer of the information exchanged
with the entry employers.
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Coordination Among Entities1926.1203(h)
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1926.1203(h) - _________________o Unless a host employer or controlling
contractor has or will have employees in
a confined space, it is not required for
either of them to ________ any confined
space to collect the information about
the hazards inside the space; and,
o If there is _____ controlling contractor
present at the worksite, the
requirements for, and role of, controlling
contactors must be fulfilled by the _____employer or other employer who
arranges to have employees of another
employer perform work that involves a
permit space
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Coordination Among Entities1926.1203(h)
Entry into Permit-Required Spaces
Permit-RequiredConfinedSpaces
________ EntryProcedures -1926.1203(e)
Enter Under AnEntry Program -
1926.______
__________ AsNon-Permit -1926.1203(g)
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Temporary Reclassification to Non-Permit Space
1926.1203(g)o Only applies to permit spaces that:
Pose _____ actual / potential
atmospheric hazard
All non-atmospheric hazards in
the space must be eliminated or
__________ without entering the
space
o Refer to definition of Isolation
If ____ is required to eliminate or
isolate hazards inside the space
o Enter under a full permit / Reclassify
___________ hazards eliminated
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Temporary Reclassification to Non-Permit Space
Definitions 1926.1202 _________" means the process by
which a permit space is removed from service and ___________
protected against the release of energy and material into the
space, or potential employee contact with a physical hazard, by
means such as:
o blanking or _________________;
o misaligning or removing ____________ of
lines, pipes, or ducts;o a ____________ block and bleed system;
turn off _________ valves in series
open bleed-off valve in-between
____________ & tag all valves
o lockout / tag-out of all sources of __________________;
o blocking or disconnecting all mechanical ___________________; or,
o placement of _______ to eliminate the potential for employee contact
with a physical hazard.
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Temporary Reclassification to Non-Permit Space
1926.1203(g)(continued)oAfter testing and inspection to ______
hazard-free, space can be temporarily
reclassified as Non-permit Required
o Employer must ______ the space is
safe for entry
identify the space / ________ entered
document steps to eliminate all
_________________
____________________ of personmaking certification / posted
o If any hazard arises, entrants must
_____ the space immediately and re-
evaluate
CERTIFICATION of
RECLASSIFICATION
Identity of Space
Date of Entry
Steps to Eliminate Hazards
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Temporary Reclassification to Non-Permit Space
1926.1203(g)(continued)
o Once the space has been
temporarily reclassified as a ___-
permit Required Confined Space:
_____ entry permit needed (just the
written certification)
No _____________ entrant required
No _________________ required
No entry supervisor ______________
No ___________ team required . . . .
o Space is returned to _________-
required status when the space is
no longer isolated / hazard free
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Alternate Entry Procedures
1926.1203(e)oApplies to permit spaces with actual
or potential _________ hazards only
(all other hazards are not present, or
have been eliminated or isolated via
engineering controls)
o The employer can demonstrate that
continuous _________-air ventilation
alone will maintain the atmosphere
safe for entry, and allow adequatetime for all entrants to escape without
overexposure if ventilation system
stops ________________
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See _______________ to 1910.146 General Industry final rule - No more than
the level of a hazardous atmosphere (e.g.:
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Alternate Entry Procedures
1926.1203(e)(continued)oAdditional conditions for alternate entry
_______ must be installed and operating
efficiently before entry / continuously
o Hose must be directed to ventilate the
immediate ______ where an employee
is or will be present within the space
o Must continue until all employees ____
the space
If any hazardous atmosphere is
detected __________ entry,oAll entrants ____ immediately evacuate
the confined space
o Reevaluate the space and implement
measures to protect employees ________
any subsequent entry takes place
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Alternate Entry Procedures1926.1203(e)(continued)
o If initial testing or hazard isolation must
be conducted from ______ the space?Enter under ___ permit until deemed safe
o The employer must ensure a safe
method of __________ and exiting the
space. If a hoisting system is used, it must be
designed and manufactured for
________________ hoisting;
However, a job-made hoisting system
is permissible if it is ____________ for
personnel hoisting by a registered
professional engineer, in writing, prior
to use.
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Alternate Entry Procedures
1926.1203(e)(continued)o Employer must ______ the space is safe
for entry, and that all required measured
taken before entry
_________ certification must identify:
o The identity / location of the space
o The _______ of entry
o Signature of the person certifying the
space is _______ for entry
Certification must be ____________ toemployees entering the space or their
representatives
ALTERNATE ENTRY
CERTIFICATION
Identify Space
Date of Entry
Certified by:John Doe
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Alternate Entry Procedures1926.1203(e)(continued)
o Once the space has been certified as
_______ for entry under the alternate
procedures:
No _________ needed (just the written
certification)
No authorized entrant ____________
No _________________ required
_____ entry supervisor required
No _____________ team required . . . .
o Space is returned to ______-required
status when the work is completed
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer must:(a) - Implement the measures
necessary to prevent _______________
entry;
o Typically addressed with a written policy,
training on the policy for affected
employees, and ___________ through a
discipline program
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer must:
(b) - Identify and evaluate the ________
of permit spaces before employees
enter them;
o Initial confined space evaluation
conducted by ____________ person(s)o On site pre-entry evaluation conducted
by the entry supervisor when
completing the entry ____________
o Subsequent evaluations due to
________ to space / operations / newly
discovered hazards
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer must:(c) - Develop and implement the means,
procedures, and practices necessary for safe
_______ space entry operations, including, but
not limited to, the following:
(c)(1) - Specify acceptable entry ___________;
oAddressed in Module on Permits (later)
(c)(2) - Provide each authorized entrant or that
employee's authorized representative with the
opportunity to ______ any monitoring or testing
of permit spaces;
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(3) - ______ the permit space and physical hazards
within that space;
See Definitions 1926.1202 "Isolation" means the
process by which a permit space is removed from service
and completely __________ against the release of energy
and material into the space, or potential employee contact
with a physical hazard, by such means as: blanking or _______________;
misaligning or removing sections of lines, ________, or ducts;
a _____________ block and bleed system;
_______________ or tagout of all sources of energy;
or blocking or disconnecting ______ mechanical linkages; or,
placement of barriers to eliminate the potential for employee
contact with a physical ___________________.
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(4) - Purge, inert, flush, and/orventilate the permit space as
necessary to eliminate or control
_________________ hazards;
Install ___________________
__________ ______ contents
Wash-out and ____________
Fill with _________ gas to control
flammability if ventilation
alone does not reduce theatmosphere below 10% LEL
o__________ use SCBA or supplied air
respirator with escape bottle
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(5) - Determine that,
in the event the
ventilation system stops
working, the monitoring
procedures will detect an
increase in atmospheric
hazard levels in sufficient_____ for the entrants to
safely exit the permit
space;
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(6) - Provide pedestrian,vehicle, or other barriers as
necessary to protect entrants from
_______________ hazards;
Prevent falling __________ / people
Refer to the Uniform_________ on
Traffic Control Devices for proper
set-up of traffic control / work zones
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(7) - Verify that conditions in
the permit space are acceptable
for entry throughout the _______
of an authorized entry, and
ensure that employees are not
allowed to enter into, or remain
in, a permit space with ahazardous atmosphere unless
the employer can . . .
o demonstrate that personal protective
equipment (_________) will provide
effective protection for each
employee in the permit space, and
o ______ the appropriate PPE to each
employee
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Utilize continuous air
_________________;
Make additional
_________________ of
conditions / equipment /
entrants conducted by
the entry supervisor or
attendants as needed
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(c)(8) - __________ any conditionsthat could make it unsafe to
remove an entrance cover.
o Examplebleeding off high
____________________
NOTE: Development of entry
procedures should ___ be done by,
or reviewed by, a technicallyqualified professional
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(d) - Provide the following equipment
at no ______ to employees, maintain
that equipment properly, and ensure
that employees use that equipmentproperly:
(d)(1)- ___________ and monitoring
equipment needed to comply with
1926.1204(e)
(d)(2)- Ventilating equipment needed
to obtain _________________ entry,
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(d)(3)- Communications equipmentnecessary for compliance with
paragraphs 1926.1208(c) and
1926.1209(e), including any
necessary electronic communication
equipment for attendants assessing
entrants status in________ spaces;
Method of communication between
attendant and entrant(s) must be
immediate & __________________
o ________________ (in close-range)
o Radio __ Electronic video monitoring
o __________________ devices
o ____________ of Raps or Knocks
o _____ TIMED CHECKS!
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
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(d)(4) -_______________ protective
equipment insofar as feasible
engineering and work practice
controls do not adequately protect
employees;
Refer to 1926 Sub part ______
o Eye & __________ protectio n
o____________ pro tec tion
o Hand __ Foot protectio n
o__________ pro tec tion
Respiratory pro tect ion 1926.103
o References_______________
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Respiratory Protection
Respiratory Protection Programo Designated Program ____________
o____________ program / site-specific
procedures
o________________ clearance
o Respirator ___-testing (initial / annual)
o Training (initial / ______________)
o Respirator ___________________
o Equipment used is _____________ toprotect from atmospheric hazards
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Respiratory Protection
o Levels _____ OSHA PEL / Not IDLH
Selection is based on _________ and
concentration of air contaminant
oChemical Cartridge Respirators
mask - up to ____x pel
______ face-pieceup to 50x pel
o Supplied Air Full Face-piece -
Pressure _______ Mode1000x pel
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Respiratory Protection
o O2___________ Atmosphere / IDLH Full-face ____________ Air / Pressure
Demand Mode
o_____________ bottle
_______________
o Escape Respirators
____________ intended for escape
purposes
Never use as ___________ respirator
for entry
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Final decisions regarding _________ of respirators must be made by a
technically qualified person
Implement ______ mandatory elements of a respiratory protection
program.
Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(d)(5)- Lighting equipment that meets
the minimum illumination requirements
in 1926._____, that is approved for the
ignitable or combustible properties of
the specific gas, vapor, dust, ____
fiber that will be present, and
that is sufficient to enable
employees to see well enough
to work safely and to ________ the
space quickly in an emergency;
Flammable / combustible materials
o Intrinsically safe / ________________
_________ environments
o _______ / Low-voltage / Battery-operated
o __________ also suitable for emergency
use
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(d)(6)- Barriers and shields asrequired . . .
Radiation barriers / ________ shields(supplements PPE, already addressed)
(d)(7)- Equipment, such as ladders,
needed for ____ ingress and egress
by authorized entrants;
Ladder use must comply with:
o 1926 Subpart ____ / ladders
(construction)
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(d)(8)- Rescue and emergency
___________ needed to comply with
paragraph 1926.1204(i) of this
section, except to the extent that the
equipment is provided by rescue
services;
o Lifelines, _____________, tripods Covered in Rescue Module (later)
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(d)(9)- Any _______ equipmentnecessary for safe entry into,
safe exit from, and rescue from,
permit spaces.
o Examples:
_______ protection gear
Life _____________
Backup _________ source
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer must:
(e) - _________ permit space conditions as follows
when entry operations are conducted:
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(e)(1) - Test conditions in the permitspace _________ changes to the spaces
natural ventilation are made, and before
entry is authorized to begin, to determine
if acceptable entry conditions exist,
except when an employer demonstrates
that isolation of the space is infeasible
because the space is large or is part of a
continuous system (such as a _______),
the employer must :
i. Perform _______-entry testing to the
extent feasible before entry isauthorized; and,
ii. If entry is authorized, continuously
monitors entry conditions in the areas
where authorized entrants are
__________________ . . .
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(iii) Provides an ______-warning system
that continuously monitors for non-
isolated engulfment hazards. The
system must alert authorized
entrants and attendants in sufficient
time for the authorized entrants to
safely __________ the space.
Automatic monitoring device(s)with alarm stationed upstream a
sufficient distance to ensure
_____________ communication
Attendant(s) with _____________
stationed upstream a sufficient
distance to ensure timely
communication
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(e)(2) - _____________ monitor atmospherichazards . . .
. . . unless the employer can demonstrate
that the equipment for continuously
monitoring a hazard is not commercially
available or that periodic monitoring is of
sufficient frequency to ensure that the
atmospheric hazard is being controlled at
____________ levels.
If periodic monitoring is use, it must be at
conducted with sufficient ____________ to
ensure that acceptable entry conditions arebeing maintained during the course of entry
operations;
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(e)(3)- When testing for atmospheric
hazards, test _________ for oxygen, then for
combustible gases and vapors, and then for
toxic gases and vapors.
(e)(4) - Provide each authorized ________ or
that employees authorized representative an
opportunity to observe the pre-entry and any
subsequent testing or monitoring of permit
spaces
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
(e)(5) - Reevaluate the permit space in thepresence of any authorized entrant or that
employees authorized representative who
__________ that the employer conduct such
reevaluation because there is some
indication that the evaluation of that space
may not have been adequate
(e)(6) - Immediately provide each authorized
entrant or that employees authorized
representative with the ______ of any testing
conducted per this standard
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(f) - Provide at least one ____________
outside the permit space into which
entry is authorized for the duration of
entry operations;
1) Attendants may be assigned to more
than one permit space provided the
duties described in this paragraph (i)
can be effectively performed for _______
permit space.
2) Attendants may be stationed at any
location outside the permit space as
long as their _______ can be effectively
performed for each permit space to
which the attendant is assigned.
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Summons _________ Perform ___-entry rescue
First aid & _________
_________ unauthorized
rescue
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employermust:
(g) - If multiple spaces are to be
assigned to a single attendant, include
in the permit program the means and
procedures to enable the attendant to
respond to an emergency affecting
one or more of those permit spaces
without _________ from the attendants
responsibilities listed in paragraph (i)
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(h) - Designate the persons who are to
have active ________ (as, for example,
authorized entrants, attendants, entry
supervisors, or persons who test or
monitor the atmosphere in a permit
space) in entry operations, identify the
________ of each such employee, and
provide each such employee with the
training required by 1926.1207
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employermust:
(i) - Develop and implement
procedures for summoning rescue and
_______________ services (including
procedures for summoning emergency
assistance in the event of a failed non-
entry rescue), for rescuing entrants
from permit spaces, for providing
necessary emergency services torescued employees, and for preventing
__________________ personnel from
attempting a rescue
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(j) - Develop and implement a system
for the preparation, issuance, use, and
cancellation of entry ___________ as
required by this standard, including
the safe termination of entry
operations under both planned and
emergency conditions
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employermust:
(k) - Develop and implement procedures to
coordinate entry operations, in consultation
with the ______________ contractor, when
employees of more than one employer are
working simultaneously in a permit space
or elsewhere on the worksite where their
activities could, either alone or in
conjunction with the activities within a
permit space, foreseeably result in ahazard within the confined space, so that
employees of one employer do not
____________ the employees of any other
employer
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(l) - Develop and implement
procedures (such as closing off a
permit space and cancelling permit)
necessary for concluding the entry
__________ entry operations have
been completed
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employermust:
(m) - Review entry operations when the measures taken
under the permit space program may not protect
employees and _____ the program to correct deficiencies
found to exist before subsequent entries are authorized:
Examples of circumstances requiring the review of the
permit space program include, but are not limited to:
Any ____________________ entry of a permit space
The detection of a permit space hazard ___ covered by the permit,
The detection of a condition prohibited by the _______________
The occurrence of an _____________ or near-miss during entry
A ____________ in the use or configuration of a permit space, and
Employee _____________ about the effectiveness of the program.
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Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program
1926.1204- Each entry employer
must:
(n) - Review the permit space program,
using all canceled permits within __ year
after each entry and revise the program
as necessary to ensure that employees
participating in entry operations are
__________ from permit space hazards.
NOTE to paragraph (n):Employers may perform a
single annual review covering ____ entries performed
during a 12-month period. If no entry is performed
during a 12-month period, _____ review is necessary.
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Permit Requirements
1926.1205 - Permitting Processo Employer must complete a ______ permit before entry into a PRCS
to document completion of all required measures
o The permit must be:
_____________ by the entry supervisor
_____________ at or near the entry portal before / throughout entry
o Duration of entry is __________ to time / task(s) listed on the permit
o Entry must be ________________ orterminated and the space fully
reassessed before re-entry when . . .
. . . a condition ____________ in nature that is not allowed under the entry
permit arises in or near the permit space and that temporary condition
does not change the configuration of the space or create any new hazardswithin the space
o Entry is ___________________ / permit is cancelled when . . .
. . . listed operations are ____________________
. . . an unforeseen problem arises that _________________ be resolved
o Employer must ____________ all cancelled permits for one year
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Permit Requirements1926.1206 - Entry Permit
o _________ of the permit space to be entered
o The _______________ of the entry
o Date and authorized ___________ of permit
o ______ of authorized entrant(s) in the space
May also use a roster or tracking system/reference
o Means to detect an increase in atmospherichazards in the event the ventilation system
___________
o Name(s) of the __________________(s)
o Name and signature of the entry __________
o The hazards associated with that space
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Permit Requirements
1926.1206 -Entry Permit(continued)
o Measures used to isolate the space or to
eliminate or control _________________
_______________ / tag-out
Blinding ____ disconnection pipes & lines
___________ or pump
o The __________________ entry conditions
Range or limit of atmospheric readings(e.g.: O2- > 19.5% - < 23.5%; H2S < 10ppm . . .)
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Permit Requirements1926.1206 -Entry Permit (continued)
o Results of atmospheric tests
Pre & post-________________ checks
Periodic checks if continuous monitoring
equipment ______ commercially available
List the _______ results (not just okay or
safe . . .) __________(s) of test(s)
_______ or initials of person(s) conducting
test(s)
o The identity / means / info for summoning
designated ______ / emergency services
o The _______________ procedures to be
used by entrants and attendant
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Permit Requirements
1926.1206 -Entry Permit(continued)
o Equipment required to be utilized,
including:
_______ monitoring equipment
______________________ equipment
Communication equipment
______________ systems
___________ equipment
o Other necessary information to ________safety of entrants
oAdditional required permits
_______ work permit
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Permit Requirements1926.1206 -Entry Permit (continued)
o If time requirements / scope of job /
hazards ___________, entry must be
suspended or terminated until
hazards are re-___________ and the
permit is revised or a new permit is re-
issued by an entry supervisoro Remember to maintain cancelled
permits for one full year (used for annualprogram _____________)
ENTRY PERMIT Space
Purpose
Date
Duration
Names of entrant(s)
Means to detect increased
atmospheric hazards
Name of attendant(s)
Supervisor name/signature
List hazards inside space
Measures to isolate space
Acceptable entry conditions
Air monitoring details . . .
Rescue means/contact info
Communication procedures
Required PPE / equipment Other info
Other permits - attached
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Training Requirements1926.1207 Traininga) - The employer must provide training to
each employee whose work is regulated by
this standard
o Authorized ____________________
o Designated ____________________
o Entry ________________________
o On Site __________ / Emergency Personnel
o ___________ of Gas Monitoring Equipment
o _______________________ person(s)o Affected personnel of other entities
_____________________ contractors
_______________ employers
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Training Requirements1926.1207 Training
a) - The employer must provide training to
each employee whose work is regulated by
this standard, at no ____ to the employee,
and ensure that the employee possesses
the understanding, knowledge, and skills
necessary for the safe performance of theduties assigned under this standard. This
training must result in an understanding of
the hazards in the permit space and the
methods used to isolate, control or in other
ways ___________ employees from these
hazards, and for those employees ______
authorized to perform entry rescues, in the
dangers of attempting such rescues
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Training Requirements1926.1207 Training (continued)
b) - Training shall be provided to affected
employees in a language and vocabulary
they _______________________:
o Before the employee is ___ assigned duties,
o ______ there is a change in assigned duties,
o Whenever there is a change in permit space
operations that presents a hazard about
which an employee has ___ previously been
trained
o Whenever the employer has reason to
believe either that there are deviations from
the permit space entry procedures required
by OSHA, or when there are inadequacies
evident in the employee's knowledge or ____
of these procedures.
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Training Requirements1926.1207 Training (continued)
c) - The training must establish employee
proficiency in the _________ required by the
OSHA standard, and must introduce new or
___________ procedures, as necessary, for
compliance with the OSHA standard.
d) - The employer must __________ training
records to show that the training required by
OSHA has been accomplished. The training
records must contain each employees
_________, the name of the trainers, and the
dates of training. Training documents must
be maintained for the period of time the
____________ is employed by the employer.
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Duties of Authorized Entrants
1926.1208 Know & understand the hazards that may
be faced (including mode, signs or
_______________, and consequences of
exposure)
Properly use ___________________
Communicate _______ with the attendant
______ attendant of dangers or prohibited
conditions
________ the space ASAP:
o whenever ______________ by the attendant
o you recognize signs of a dangerous situation
or a ____________________ condition, or
o an ____________________ is ordered
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Duties of Attendants1926.1209 ___________ & understand the hazards
that may be faced by entrants
o _____, symptoms & consequences of over-
exposure
o Possible behavioral ____________ of over-
exposure
Maintain an accurate ____ of all entrants
at all times
Maintain constant watch outside of the
space unless relieved by another
__________________ attendant
Communicate regularly with entrants /
__________________ their status
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Duties of Attendants
1926.1209 (continued) Assesses activities and conditions inside
___ outside the space to determine if it is
safe for entrants to remain in the space
and orders the authorized entrants to
evacuate the permit space immediately
under ______ of the following conditions:
1) If there is a ________________ condition;
2) If the behavioral _____ of hazard exposure
are apparent in an authorized entrant;3) If there is a situation outside the space that
could endanger the authorized entrants; __
4) If the attendant cannot effectively and
safely perform ______ the required duties
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Duties of Attendants1926.1209 (continued) _________ rescue and other emergency
services as soon as the attendant
determines that authorized entrants may
need assistance to escape from permit
space hazards
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Duties of Attendants
1926.1209 (continued) Take the following ____________ when
unauthorized persons approach or enter
a permit space while entry is underway:
1) ______ the unauthorized persons they
must stay away from the permit space;
2) Advise the unauthorized persons that
they must __ immediately if they have
entered the permit space; and
3) Inform the authorized entrants and the_________ supervisor if unauthorized
persons have entered the permit
space;
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Duties of Attendants1926.1209 (continued) Perform ____-entry rescues as specified
by the employers rescue procedure;
and,
Perform _____ duties that might interfere
with the attendants primary duty toassess and protect the authorized
entrants
o __________ leave a space unattended
o Do _______ enter the space
o Perform no task that distracts from
___________________ duties
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Duties of Entry Supervisors
1926.1210 Know all hazards to be faced / mode,
signs & ___________________, and
consequences of over-exposure
_________ proper entries made of all
specified tests and results, and all
required personnel, procedures &
equipment listed on permit have been
provided before signing
Verify rescue & emergency servicesavailable / means to summons is
adequate, and that the employer will
be ____________ as soon as service
becomes unavailable
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Duties of Entry Supervisors1926.1210 (continued) ____________ unauthorized entrants
Ensure conditions of entry are
maintained, and ________ entry until
the space is re-evaluated and safe
entry conditions restored if unsafe orunknown conditions are detected
___________ entry / cancel permit at
conclusion of regular entry, or when
non-correctable hazards are detected
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Duties of Entry Supervisors Can the entry supervis or
sim ultaneously s erve as an entrant
or the attendant?
o ___, if properly cross-trained, equipped,
designated and qualified to perform
both functions
Can the dut ies of entry su pervisor b e
transferred dur in g entry operat ions?
o Yes. However, the new entry supervisor
must ____________ all information and
protections specified on the entry
permit are in place and effective, and
must enter their signature on the
permit.
See definition in 1926._________
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Rescue and Emergency Services
1926.1211
Methods of Rescue
oNon-__________ rescue
Usually performed by the
____________________oRescue team
On site ______ of employees
_______ party rescue service
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Rescue and Emergency Services
Non-entry rescueo_______ use a retrieval system
Tripod and winch ( ___________entries)
Method may ___ be feasible in
some cases
o Space configuration may create
_______________
o Projection / _________ hazards
o Use rescue _________ instead
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Rescue and Emergency Services
Non-entry rescue (continued)
o Entrant wears a full-body /
chest ___________________
o Wristlets or anklets acceptable
in special cases
e.g.: when man-way is _______o Lifeline attached to harness /
secured to ______ point outside
o Must use mechanical device if
space is ___ or more feet deep /
vertical entry
o Rescuer or stand-by person
____ be First-aid / CPR certified
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Rescue and Emergency Services
Non-entry rescue (continued)
o Confirm, _______ to entry, that
emergency assistance would
be available in the event that
non-entry rescue __________
o Practice making permit space
rescues before attempting an
actual rescue, and at least
once every ____ months, bymeans of simulated rescue
operations from representative
permit spaces (unless an actualrescue is performed)
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Rescue and Emergency Services
Employee Rescue Team
o Employee team ____ be equipped,
trained & proficient in use of rescue
equipment / PPE
o Must be trained to entrant level
plus additional assigned ________needed to perform rescue
oAll trained in basic first aid / CPR
One member _____________
o Practice making mock rescues at
least once every 12 months for ___
configurations of permit spaces(unless an actual rescue is performed)
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Rescue and Emergency Services
Third Party Rescue Serviceo Employer must evaluate prospective
service / and base selection on:
Able to ____________ proficiently /
successfully
Able to respond in _______ manner
o Varies depending on type /degree
of hazards
o Inform rescuers of _____ potential
hazards, and allow rescuers accessto spaces for practice
o Must notify the rescue team _____ to
each entry & verify their availability to
assist throughout / notify if unable
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For further guidance, see
Appendix ___ in the 1910
General Industry confined
space standard
Rescue and Emergency Services
Safety Data Sheets (_______)
o Employer must make appropriate
Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or other
similar written information is
available to medical providers if
injured entrant is exposed to
__________________ substance
See 1910.1200 for additional
information about SDSs and OSHAs
hazard communication ____________
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Rescue and Emergency Services
NOTE:Providing rescueservices requires special
equipment and training, which
is _________ the scope of this
online training course.
The entry ______________ is
responsible for insuring
adequate means of rescue areavailable prior to each and
every entry
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Atmospheric Testing 1926.1203(e)(2)(iii)- Before an employee enters the space, the
internal atmosphere must be tested, with a calibrated ________-
reading instrument . . .
1926.1203(e)(2)(vi )- The atmosphere within the space must be
__________________ monitored . . .
1926.1204(e)(1)(i)- Test conditions in the permit space to
determine if acceptable entry conditions exist ______ changes to
the spaces natural ventilation are made, and before entry is
authorized to begin . . .
1926.1204(e)(2)- Continuously _________ atmospheric hazards
unless the employer can demonstrate that the equipment for
continuously monitoring a hazard is not commercially available or
that periodic monitoring is of sufficient frequency to ensure that
the atmospheric hazard is being controlled at safe levels . . .
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorsoDirect-reading instruments
____________ testing (w/ pump &sampling hose)
_________________ monitoring
oAlarm-only instruments
No direct read-out / never use
for ____________ testing
Best suited for _____________
monitoring for a single gas when
multiple workers enter a large
space
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Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors
o______________ gas detectors
One ___________ only
o___________-gas detectors
o____________ sensor(s) for thepotential hazards
O2 & LEL%
o________________ sensors
Toxic gas & vapor
osubstance-______________ sensors
oPID sensor (general sensor - ______)
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorsoSingle gas detectors
oMulti-gas detectors
Correct sensor(s) for the
potential hazards?
Sensors have a shelf life /
can be _________________
oRequire calibration
________ calibration
________ test
oaka: ______ calibration check
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Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors
oCalibration (per manufacturers_______________________)
See manufacturers
recommended schedule
oWhenever ________ sensor(s)installed
oManufacturer will specify
___________________ tests
Ensure calibration-gas is matched /
not ________________
If calibration ________, sensor(s) will
need to be replaced and calibrated
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorsoCalibration
o__________ test (per manufacturersinstructions)
Attach to the calibration-gas
cylinder / expose sensors to _____
Confirms alarms work & readings in
acceptable _________ (if not, then
recalibrate the instrument)
Perform before ___ use each day /
after any exposure to a high level of
contaminant(s)
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Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors
o _________ Out the sensors
Sensor(s) may _____ out of range
Follow manufacturers instructions
to zero out the sensors (some are_________-zero at start-up, some are donemanually)
o Sets sensor readings back to
_________________ readings
o If unsuccessful, must re-_________
sensors
NEVER zero out the monitor in a
_________________ atmosphere
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorso Initial evaluation
Test from ____________ the space
Use probes / sampling __________
oStratified testing
Gas densities _____________
Do _____ tie the monitor on a string
and lower it into the spaceoUse a unit equipped with a _____ &
sampling hose
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Atmospheric Testing
DENSITY
Air = _____
Carbon Monoxide = ____
Methane = ____
Hydrogen Sulfide = ____ See the _______ for the
density of a particular
substance
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorso Must wait to give sensors
adequate ______ to warm up /
process gasses / give readings
Refer to manufacturers
recommended ________ time
o_________ by manufacturer /
sensors
oAlso affected by temperature(colder = ____________)
oMust account for sampling
hose ________ too(if applicable)
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Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors
o Test ____________
Look at oxygen (O2) reading _______
o Extremely low (or high) O2levels
affect LEL sensor, gives potentially
______________ readingo If O2readings out of range (per
manufacturer), ________ the space,
then retest
______ ensuring oxygen measures in
the acceptable range, test for LEL,
followed by toxic(s) (if any)
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorso______ Conversions
LEL sensors calibrated to a
particular _________
o Example: methane or pentane
Readings will not be accurate
if measuring a _________ gas
oCalibrate with same
flammable gas as beingmeasured, if _____________
oOtherwise, refer to
___________________ LEL
conversion chart/menu option
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Atmospheric Testing Gas detectors
oAlarms
______________ settings (seemanufacturers manual)
o Oxygen & LEL usually set to alarm
at _____________ limitso Toxics _______ set to NIOSH RELs
RELs may be _____ than PELs
Alarms may be set higher than
________ OSHAs (e.g.: cal/osha)
o Never adjust alarm settings unless
______________________
o Gas reading(s) in alarm range,
affected sensor(s) reading will ____
o ___ Battery & Blocked Pump alarms
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Atmospheric Testing
Gas detectorsoPump
External (_________________)
______________________
Conduct pump-___________ daily
o_____ hose inlet / watch for alarm
Allow ______ time for air sample to
draw thru hose