Concurrent Commutation Failures in the Danish System
Dan Kell, Siavash Zoroofi Hans Abildgaard, Torsten Lund
TransGrid Solutions Energinet.DK
1©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
The Projectj
Completion of the regional HVdc modelLCC lid ti t dLCC validation study
validation of individual HVdc models Soerbaelt (Siemens)Konti-Skan 1 (Areva (Alstom))Konti-Skan 2 (ABB)Kontek (ABB)Skageraak 1, 2, 3 (ABB) and 4 (ABB..)
e.g. step response measurements from KS1, SK3, SB1 (Areva, ABB and Siemens)validation of system model2009-08-23 03:16 transfer of commutation failures via the rectifier2009-08-30 00:06 transfer of commutation failures via the rectifier
Simulation studyyoperation of mixed LCC / VSC systemstransfer of commutation failures via the rectifieroperational rules with transmission outages
2©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
The Systemy
Link Year Power Voltage
Kontek 1996 600MW 400kVKontek 1996 600MW 400kV
Konti-skan1
1964/2006
250MW 250kV
Konti-skan 1988 300MW 285kV2
SK1/2 1977 500MW 250kV
SK3 1993 500MW 350kV
Storebaelt 2010 600MW 400kV
SK4 700MW 500kV
3©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
The Systemy
Cigre B4.41 Defines the Multi-Infeed Factor as:
• If any individual product is less than 15% of the inverters power then the chance for interaction is small. Product values between 15% and 40% indicate links with a moderate potential and product values above 40% indicate a high potential for inverter interaction.
The Equivalent Short Circuit Ratio of an HVdc system can be defined as:• The Equivalent Short-Circuit Ratio of an HVdc system can be defined as:
4©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
The Systemy
• The Multi-Infeed Equivalent Short-Circuit Ratio of an HVdc system can be defined as:
NicapacitorsiMVA
i
MIIFPP
QSCCMIIESCR
×+
−=
∑ ji
ijj
DCDC MIIFPPji ,
1
×+∑≠=
5©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
The Systemy
Pdc Sk'' ESCR MIIF MIESCRMVA -
Konti-Skan 1+2 750 3604 4.38 1.000 1.81Skagerrak 1+2 550 3644 6.32 0.777Skagerrak 3 500 4114 7.72 0.751Storebælt 600 4137 6.32 0.444
Konti-Skan 1+2 750 3604 4.38 0.758Skagerrak 1+2 550 3644 6.32 1.000 2.03Skagerrak 3 500 4114 7.72 0.691Storebælt 600 4137 6.32 0.420
Konti-Skan 1+2 750 3604 4.38 0.927Skagerrak 1+2 550 3644 6.32 0.887Skagerrak 3 500 4114 7.72 1.000 1.94Storebælt 600 4137 6.32 0.506
Konti-Skan 1+2 750 3604 4.38 0.717Skagerrak 1+2 550 3644 6.32 0.650Skagerrak 3 500 4114 7.72 0.628Storebælt 600 4137 6.32 1.000 2.10
6©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
Completion of the regional HVdc modelLCC lid ti t dLCC validation study
validation of individual HVdc models Soerbaelt (Siemens)Konti-Skan 1 (Areva (Alstom))Konti-Skan 2 (ABB)Kontek (ABB)Skageraak 1, 2, 3 (ABB) and 4 (ABB..)
e.g. step response measurements from KS1, SK3, SB1 (Areva, ABB and Siemens)validation of system model2009-08-23 03:16 transfer of commutation failures via the rectifier2009-08-30 00:06 transfer of commutation failures via the rectifier
Simulation studyyoperation of mixed LCC / VSC systemstransfer of commutation failures via the rectifieroperational rules with transmission outages
10©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
SK12 220MW from NorwaySK3 300MW f NSK3 300MW from NorwayInverters in Denmark
KS1 340MW towards SwedenKS2 340MW towards SwedenRectifiers in Denmark
Kontek 550MW Towards GermanyRectifiers in DenmarkRectifiers in Denmark
11©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
A successful reclosing on 132 kV Mörap -Barsebäck caused commutation failureBarsebäck caused commutation failureOn;KontekKS1 KS2
KS1 and KS2 in, Denmark delivers a current with a total peak value ofcurrent with a total peak value ofapprox. 7 kA to the ComFails in Lindoma.
This causes SK3 to fail commutation in Tj lTjele.
The Comm fail has been transferred through the rectifier..
12©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
g
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
Bent
Vester Hasing Lindome
21
Kontek
2E1
Bent
Konti-Skan
2E1
E
KristiansandTjele 150 kVIsland 1KO_BEN
KS1KS2
TJ150TJ400SBFGB
Island 2 KOKS400KS132
KSD400SB
KristiansandTjele 150 kV
SK12
2 E1
SK3
2 E1
SBFGB SBTjele 400 kV SK3
Stoerbelt
2 E1FGB
13©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
ELoad ControlI 1Get L_HLD
MIDS400_N30231
VN30231
300.0400.0
E
:1
KSD_300_N54022 400.0300.0
E
:1
STNS400_N30391
E_30391_30393_1T
STRS400_N30393
VN30393E_30376_30393_1
THORS400B
N30376E_30376_30415_1
TBEDS400_
N30415 T-LineE_30415_30394_99
E
THTS400_N30394 T-Line
E_30394_30386_99E
RI3S400_N30386
E_30380_30386_1T
HORS400_N30380
VN30380E_30380_30399_1
TUDDS400_
N30399 T-LineE_30399_30414_99
E
SÅN_400_N30414 T-Line
E_30414_30404_99E
BBKS400_N30404
E_30404_30408_1T
HSOS400_N30408
E_30401_30408_1T
AVAS400_N30401
E_30377_30401_1T
SIMS400_N30377
VN30377E_30377_30410_1
TNBOS400_
N30410
~E-1682.61
382.561 E_30231_0_1~
E835.098.163 E_30393_0_1
~E870.0
0.0 E_30393_0_2
P,QLoad
332.933E6.714
ShuntR
0.19E-0.0
P,QLoad
38.215E0.0
ShuntRC
1.249E-3.698
P,QLoad
72.148E5.666 ~
E957.00.0 E_30380_0_1
~E920.0
-165.065 E_30380_0_2
P,QLoad
66.666E0.0
ShuntRC
0.524E-9.213
P,QLoad
267.434E0.0
ShuntRC
2.123E-71.878
P,QLoad
237.198E13.681
ShuntRL
6.516E56.486
P,QLoad
428.48E0.0
0.0-100.0
SwitchedShuntE
P,QLoad
218.0E0.0
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
P,QLoad
379.92E0.0
~E465.0
-89.615 E_30377_0_1
P,QLoad
326.96E0.0
ShuntL
0.0E150.0
<-- 10 -->T-Line
E_30231_30391_1E
N30414N30415N30404N37175N70429N70556N70441N70400
N30414N30415N30404N37175N70429N70556N70441N70400
SubPage 2400 kV and lower
KO_BENHR
VN30391 VN30376 VN30415 VN30394 VN30386 VN30399 VN30414 VN30404 VN30408 VN30401 VN30410
~E605.0
-116.596 E_30377_0_2
~E1175.0
0.0 E_30377_0_3
E_30380_30414_1TT-Line
E_30415_30386_99E
T-LineE_30386_30399_99
E
T-LineE_30394_30399_99
E E_30408_30410_1T
T-LineE_30386_30414_99
E
T-LineE_30415_30399_99
E
T-LineE_30415_30414_99
E
<-- 10 -->T-Line
E_30231_30394_1E
T-LineE_30415_30404_99
E
E_30394_30401_1T
<-- 10 -->T-Line
E_30231_30380_1E
<-- 10 -->T-Line
E_30231_30377_1E
E_30401_30412_1T
SEES400_N30412
E_30402_30412_1T
AIES400_N30402
0.0 SwitchedSh tE
P,QLoad
305.76E0.0
E 30404 30412 1T
132.0400.0
E
:1
BOYS132_N37192
N70508N70003N70520N70521N70506N70568
N54022
N32150
N37192N37192
SubPage 5132 kV and lower
N32150
SubPage 4132 kV and lower
N54022
SubPage 3300 kV and lower
N70400N70508N70003N70520N70521N70506N70568
KSD400
KS132
VN30412 VN30402
-100.0 ShuntEE_30404_30412_1
132.0400.0
E
:1
SEES132_N37175 400.0132.0
E
:1
HVE_400_N70520 132.0400.0
E
:1
AMV_132_N70003 400.0132.0
E
:1
ASV_4001N70506 132.0400.0
E
:1
AVV_132_N70400 400.0132.0
E
:1
ISH_400_N70521 132.0400.0
E
:1
HCV_132_N70429 400.0132.0
E
:1
GLN_400_N70568 132.0400.0
E
:1
BJS_132_N70556
P,QLoad
62.209E27.644
ShuntL
0.0E100.0
ShuntRL
2.551E40.668
P,QLoad
49.967E0.0
ShuntRC
1.55E-11.388
P,QLoad
7.456E5.029
ShuntRL
3.141E38.519
P,QLoad
45.344E0.0
ShuntRC
2.609E-28.726
T-LineE_70520_70506_99
E
T-LineE_70506_70521_99
E132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
400.0132.0
E
:1
T-LineE_70520_70521_99
E
132.0400.0
E
:1
400.0132.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
T-LineE_70520_70568_99
E
400.0132.0
E
:1
132.0400.0 :1
132.0400.0
E
:1
T-LineE 30404 70520 99
E
VN70520 VN70506 VN70568
EE_30404_70520_99
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
T-LineE_30404_70568_99
E
132.0400.0
E
:1
T-LineE_30414_70520_99
E
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
T-LineE_30414_70568_99
E
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
E
T-LineE_30415_70568_99
E
J
400.0132.0
E
:1
HCV_400_N70518 <-- 8.99 -->
T-LineE_70518_70508_1
E
AVV_400_N70508 Shunt
RC0.003
E-7.55
T-LineE_70521_70508_99
E
132.0400.0
E
:1
RAD_132_N70441
132.0400.0
E
:1
132.0400.0
E
:1
E_30408_30409_1T
KAHS400_N30409 Ideal (R=0)
E_30409_30411_1E
STØS400_N30411
E_30383_30393_1T
LDO_400_N30383 Ideal (R=0)
E_30383_100007_1E
TERM_KS1
VN100007
J
15.0400.0
E
:1
RS2_015_N15 ~
E0.00.0 E_15_0_1
J
132.0400.0
E
:1
LDO_132_N32150
Monitoring ofPower,angles.. Vphase
PQ
VI
E VF03-Phase Meter
33VN30231
I3
VphasePQ
VI
E VF03-Phase Meter
33VN30377
I13
VphasePQ
VI
E VF03-Phase Meter
33VN30377
I14
VphasePQ
VI
E VF03-Phase Meter
33VN30380
I20
VphasePQ
VI
E VF03-Phase Meter
33VN30393
I33
VphaseVE VF03-Phase Meter
3VN100007
KS400 VN70518VN30383 VN30411VN30409
14©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Island 2 : ControlsVrms3
#NaN
P3
#NaN
Q3
#NaN
Vrms13
#NaN
P13
#NaN
Q13
#NaN
Vrms14
#NaN
P14
#NaN
Q14
#NaN
Vrms20
#NaN
P20
#NaN
Q20
#NaN
Vrms33
#NaN
P33
#NaN
Q33
#NaN
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
Sequence of eventst = 0 ms:
KS1 Lindoma ComFail in Y-group, phase TAt the time of commutation the phase T voltage is reduced by approx. 15 per cent in amplitude. The distance to zero crossing phase R-T is reduced by 0.3 ms corresponding to 5.5 degrees in comparison to normal operation.Max dc-current approx. 4.5 kA.
t +8 ms:KS2 LDO ComFail in the D-group, phase TAt this moment in time the commutation voltages are further distorted by the ComFail in KS1.At this moment in time the commutation voltages are further distorted by the ComFail in KS1.Max dc current approx. 3.3 kA.
t +12 ms:SK3 TJE ComFail in the D-group, phase T.At the time of commutation phase T is reduced by approx 60 per cent in amplitudeAt the time of commutation phase T is reduced by approx. 60 per cent in amplitude.The distance to zero crossing phase R-T is reduced by 0.5 ms corresponding to 9 degrees in comparison to normal operation.
During this incident SK1+2 avoid ComFail partly due to a comparatively high gamma at the current load level and partly due to the built-in predictor which in this situation has plenty of time to further increase
15©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
level and partly due to the built in predictor which in this situation has plenty of time to further increase gamma transiently and thereby reduce the risk of ComFails.
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
T = 0 ms300400
VLWAX VLWBX VLWCX
-400 -300 -200 -100
0 100 200 300
kV
2 04.0 6.0
IVWDAX IVWDBX IVWDCX
-6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0
kA
0 02.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
IVWSAX IVWSBY IVWSCY
-8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0
kA1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
kA
IdcF_Swe
0.00 0.50 1.00
0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30
PU
Vrms_Den Vrms_Swe
16©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
x 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 0.180 0.200 0.220 0.240
0.50
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
T +8 ms0
50 100 150
Ea_132_LI Eb_132_LI Ec_132_LI
-150 -100 -50
0
y
3.00
y
Ivda Ivdb Ivdc
-1.50
-3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
y
Ivsa Ivsb Ivsc
250300
Ud_Li
-100 -50
0 50
100 150 200 250
y
4.50
y
Id_Li
-0.50 y
0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20
y
Erms_400_VH
17©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
x 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
T +12 ms0
100 200 300 400
E400a E400b E400c
-400 -300 -200 -100
0
kV
5.0
kA
IVDA_32 IVDB_32 IVDC_32
-5.0
-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
kA
IVSA_33 IVSB_32 IVSC_32
4.00 Id_S2P3
-0.50
kA
0 60-0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40
V
Ud_S2P3
-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 kV
0.920
1.100
y
Erms400
18©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
x 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
Transfer of Commutation Failures via the RectifierRectifier
Recreated the event almost exactly, with the exception of...
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
PU
Id_S1P2
-0.50
-0 20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
PU
Ud_S1P2
0.20
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
PU
Id_S1P3
x 0 00 0 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 60 0 70
-1.00
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
PU
Ud_S1P3
19©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
x 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
Results
SK1 and SK2 failed commutation as well. This is due to the fact that;G di ti t d ll dGamma predication was not modelledThe powerflow was not 100% the same
Typically studies only consider inverter in close proximityThis is obviously not true, need to consider many scenarios
Need to be able to accurately model many “different” HVdc systems in the same model
20©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Future Work
Evaluation of SK4 performance (LCC vs VSC) - doneD t i ti f “ t ti ”Determination of “must run generation”
21©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
Results
Benchmarking of standalone HVdc models is very important as it allows one to recreate abnormal system events years after the system was commissionedsystem events years after the system was commissioned.
yD
iffic
ulty
Time
22©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
TransGrid Solutions Inc.
Innovative Solutions for the Electric Power
TransGrid Solutions Inc
Industry
TransGrid Solutions Inc200 – 150 Innovation Dr.
Winnipeg, ManitobaCANADA, R3T 2E1
Phone: (204) 480 4050Fax: (204) 989 4858
23©TransGrid Solutions Inc., 2011
@ g