Transcript
Conceptualisation
Precipitation (100 %)
Recharge (4 %)
Surface runoff (6 %)
Evapotranspiration (< 30 %)
Sub-surface lateral drainage (> 60 %)
Typical Plinthic Catena
Conceptualisation
Increasingly permanent water table
Fluctuating water table
GlencoeWasbank
Longlands
Kroonstad
Katspruit
Champagne
Wasbank
Wasbank
< 0.5 m
Diverging water flow
Glencoe
LonglandsKroonstad / Estcourt
Wasbank
Wasbank
GlencoeGlencoe Glencoe
Wasbank
Glenrosa
Wasbank
WasbankLonglands
Converging water flow
Concave Landscape
Convex Landscape
Wasbank
Wetland types – concept hydrology
Urban developments - excavation
Urban developments - paving
Opencast mining impacts
Underground mining impacts
Agricultural impacts – surface mainly
Agricultural impacts – surface mainly
Forestry impacts – water!