1
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dEIwVj ifjp oa fodkl Oslashe
^dEIwVj
कमपयटर शबद की उतऩतति अॊगरजी क lsquoCompute शबद स मानी जािी ह तजसका अरथ ह गणना करना कमपयटर तजस हहनदी म lsquoअभिकभऱतर अरवा सगॊणक कहा जािा ह को सामानयिया एक ऐस यॊतर क रऩ म जाना जािा ह जो अतयनि िीवरगति स गणनाएॉ करन म सम ह tks blds vFkZ dks vkSj Hkh vfkd Okid cuk nsrs gS amp
CampCalcutationampfrac14xkukfrac12 Common
OampOperative amp frac14fOslashkkhyfrac12 Oriented
MampMechanics amp frac14kfU=dhfrac12 Machine
PampProcessing amp frac14izfOslashkfrac12 Particularly
UampUseful amp frac14miksxhfrac12 United
TampThesaurus amp frac14kCdkskfrac12 Technical
EampExtensive amp frac14foLr`rfrac12 Educational
RampResearch amp frac14vuqlakku kkskfrac12 Research
vr ^dEIwVj dk rkRiZ d sls U= ls gS] ftldk
miksx xkuk izfOslashk] kfU=dh] vuqlakku] kksk vkfn
dkkZsa eas fdk tkrk gSA
dEIwVj dk lafkIr fodkl Oslashe amp
dEIwVj dk fodkl Oslashe 3000 okZa iqjkuk gSA phu us
lcls igys xkuk a= vcsdl dk vfodkj fdk FkkA
g d kaf=d fMokbl gSA 17oha krkCnh esa Qzkal ds
xfkrK Cyst ikLdy us d kaf=d vadh xkuk a=-
lu~ 1645 eas fodflr fdk gSA bl ekhu dks fMax
ekhu dgrs gSA Dksafd g ekhu dsoy tksM k kVk
ldrh FkhA
tsdkM~Zl ywe (Jacquard Loom)-lu~ 1801 esa
Qzkalhlh cqudj tkslsQ us diM+s cquus ds sls ywe dk
vkfodkj fdk tks diM+ksa esa Lor gh fMtkbu k iSVuZ
nsrk FkkA
pkYlZ cScst dk fMQjsal baftu- pkYlZ cScst us lu~
1822 esa d ekhu dk fuekZk fdk ftldk O
fczfVk ljdkj ogu fdkA ml ekhu dk uke
fMQjsUl baftu j[kk xkA bl ekhu eas fxj vkSj
kkparaV yxs FksA vkSj g Hkki ls pyrh FkhA
2
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gksysfjFk lsall VscqysVj (Hollerith Census
Taulator)
lu~ 1890 esa dEIwVj ds bfrgkl eas d vkSj egRoiwkZ
kVuk gqbZ og Fkh vesfjdk dh tuxkuk dk dkZA lu~
1890 ls iwoZ tuxkuk dk dkZ ikjEifjd rjhdksa ls
fdk tkrk FkkA
1 Aiken and Mark 1 frac14vkbdsu vkSj ekdZ amp1frac12-
lu~ 1940 eas Electromechanical Computing
vius fk[kj ij igqiexclp pqdh FkhA vkbZ ch e ds pkj
शीषथ bathfujkas o gkWoMZ vkbZdsu ls lu~ 1944 eas d
ekhu dks fodflr fdk vkSj bldk vkfkdkfjd uke
Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator j[kkA
2 ABC-vkbdsu vkSj ch e ds ekdZamp1 dh rduhdh
ubZ bysDVordfkWfuDl rduhdh vkus ls iqjkuh gks xh FkhA
ubZ bySDVordfkWfuDl rduhdh esa dksbZ kaf=d iqtkZ
lapkfyr djus dh vkodrk ugha FkhA tcfd ekdZamp1
d fo|rq ekhu FkhA
3 The ENIAC (1993-46)-bl dEIwVj dk iwjk
uke Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator gSA bldk fodkl vkehZ ds fys fdk
xk FkkA
4 The EDVAC (1946-52)- bl dk iwjk uke
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer FkkA g igyk fMftVy dEIwVj FkkA
5 The EDSAC (1947-49)- bl dk iwjk uke
Electronic Delay Variable Automatic
Calculator FkkA g igyk dEIwVj Fkk ftl ij
izksxzke dks ju fdk xk FkkA
6The UNIVAC-I (1951)- bl dk iwjk uke
Universal Automatic Computer FkkA g
igyk fMftVy dEIwVj FkkA vkSj g Okikj esa izksx
gksus okyk izFke dEIwVj FkkA IBM us 701
Commercial Computer rSkj djk FkkA
frac14dEIwVj dh ihlt+hkiexclfrac12
izFke ihlt+h (1945-1955)amp dEIwVj dh izFke ihlt+h
dh kqvkr 1945 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa
Vacuum Tube Technology dk izksx fdk
xk FkkA blesa ekhu Hkkkk dk izksx fdk xk FkkA
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bleas eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi oa iapdkMZ dk
izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
frh ihlt+h (1955-1964) amp frh ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1956 ls 1964 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl ihlt+h esa
Transistor dk izksx fdk xk FkkA ftldk
fodkl Willom Shockly न 1947 esa fdk FkkA
blesa vlsEcyh Hkkkk dk izksx fdk xk FkkA blesa
eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi dk izksx fdk tkus
yxk FkkA
िीसरी ऩीढ़ी (1964-1975) - dEIwVj dh rhljh
ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1964 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku
esa vkbZ lh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA IC dk iwjk
uke Integrated Circuit gSA IC dk fodkl 1958
esa Jack Kilby us fdk FkkA blesa IC
Technology (SSI) dk izksx fdk xk FkkA SSI
dk iwjk uke Small Scale Integration gSA bleas
gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeZx ds fys fdk
tkrk FkkA blesa eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh fMLd dk
izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
pkSFkh ihlt+h- dEIwVj dh pkSFkh ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1975
ls 1989 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ lh
dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
IC dh g rduhdh VLSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Very Large-Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ
ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys fdk tkrk
FkkA
प ाचव ा ihlt+h - dEIwVj dh ऩाॊचवीॊ ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1989 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ
lh dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk
FkkA IC dh g rduhdh ULSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Ultra Large Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys
fdk tkrk tks vfkd ljy gSA bu Hkkkkvksa esa GUI
Interface dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
vxyh ihlt+h ds dEIwVj
1 uSuks dEIwVj ampuSuks Lrj frac1410amp9mfrac12 ij fufeZr
uSuks V~wc~l ds izksx ls vRUr NksVs o
fokky kerk okys dEIwVj ds fodkl dk
izkl fdk tk jgk gSA
2 DokaVe dEIwVj ampg izdkk ds DokaVe
fl)kUr ij vkkkfjr gS ftlesa vkadM+ksa dk
laxzgk vkSj lalkku DokaVe dk dgrs gSA s
dk qXe esa jgrs gSa vkSj bUgsa ^Dw fcV~l
dgrs gSA
Iyhdsku ij dEIwVj vkkkj ds परक र
-Iyhdsku ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj rhu izdkj ds gksrs
gSA
1 Analog Computer tks HkkSfrd ek=kvksa dks
ukius dk dkZ djrs gSA ukykWx dEIwVj dk
izksx foKku oa Engineering ds kS+= esa fdk
tkrk gSA Dksfd bu kS=ksa eas ifjeki dk izksx
vfkd gksrk gSA
2 Digital Computer g dEIwVj vadks dh
xkuk djrs gSA vfkdkakr dEIwVj fMftVy
dEIwVj fMfyVy dEIwVj gh gksrs gSA
4
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3 Hybrid Computer os dEIwVj tks ukykWu
oa fMftVy dEIwVj nksuksa dk dkZ djrs gSA
mnkgjk Petrol Pump g pertrol vkfn dks
ukirk gS vkSj mlds ewY dh xkuk Hkh djrk gSA
mˆs ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 General Purpose Computer ftlls
lekU dkZ fds tkrs gSAbudk izksx kjksa oa
nqdkuksa fdk tkrk gSA
2 Special Purpose Computer g dEIwVj
foksk dkZ ds fys rSkj fds tkrs gSA budk
izksx fuEu ks=ksa esa fdk tkrk gSA tSls ekSle
foKku] d`fk foKu] q)] oa varfjk vkfn foKku
esa bldk izksx gksrk gSA
vkdkj oa dkZ djus ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj fuEuizdkj
ds gksrs gSA
1 Micro Computer- g dEIwVj vkdkj esa
NksVs gksrs gSA bu dEIwVj dk fodkl 1970 ds
nkd esa gqvk FkkA bu dEIwVj eas ekbdzks izkslslj
dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA bu dEIwVlZ dks PC Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
PC dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckiexclVk xk gSA
a Desktop Computer
b Laptop Computer
c Palmtop Computer
d Notebook Computer
e Tablet Computer
Desktop Computer- Desktop
Computer os dEIwVj gksrs gSA ftudks Vsfcy
ij j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA
Laptop Computer- Laptop
Computer os gksrs gSA ftudks xksnh eas j[kdj
pykk tkrk gSA g lkbZt esa cgqr NksVs gksrs gSA
bu dEIwVjlZ dks d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij
vklkuh ls ys tk ldrs gSA buesa ikoj ds fys
cSVjh dk izksx gksrk gSA
Palmtop Computer- g dEIwVj
Laptop Computer ls NksVs gksrs gSA ftudks
gFksyh eas j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA budh dkZ
djus dh kerk ysiVkWi ls FkksMh de gksrh gSA
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Notebook Computer- Notebook
computer Laptop Computer ds समान
gh gksrs ह
Tablet Computer- g dEIwVj cgqr gh
NksVs dEIwVj gksrs gSA g eksckbZy ls FkksMs cMs
gksrs gSA g VpLdhu gksrs gSA
2 Workstation Computer- Workstation
Computer dk izksx NksVs Okikj esa loZj ds
i eas fdk tkrk gSA budh dkZ djus dh kerk
ekbZdzks dEIwVj dh viskk vfkd gksrh gSA
3 Mini Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks cM+h
cM+h dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj dEIwVj
ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA
PDP-8 First Mini Computer ftldk
fodkl 1965 eas fdk xk FkkA A DEC
Companyus cukk FkkA DECdk iwjk uke
Digital Equipment Corporation gSA
4 Mainframe Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks
cMh cMh dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj
dEIwjV ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA bu
dEIwVjl esa ekbZdzks dEIwVj dk izksx Client ds
rkSj ij fdk tkrk gSA
dqNMainframe Computer fuEu gSA
IBM 4381 ICL 39 CDC Cyber etc
5 Super Computer-lqij dEIwVj foksk izdkj
ds dEIwVj gksrs gSA budk fuekZk foksk dkZ ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA g nqfuk ds lcls rst vkSj
cMs dEIwVj gksrs gSA
Hkkjr dk igyk lqij dEIwVj ije gSA
lqij dEIwVj ds dkZamp
1 varfjk k=k ds fys
2 ekSle foKku dh tkudkjh Kkr ds fys
3 q) ds fys
का पयटर सिसटम क घटक
1 Input
2 Process
3 Output
4 Memory
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
6
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
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oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
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blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
2
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gksysfjFk lsall VscqysVj (Hollerith Census
Taulator)
lu~ 1890 esa dEIwVj ds bfrgkl eas d vkSj egRoiwkZ
kVuk gqbZ og Fkh vesfjdk dh tuxkuk dk dkZA lu~
1890 ls iwoZ tuxkuk dk dkZ ikjEifjd rjhdksa ls
fdk tkrk FkkA
1 Aiken and Mark 1 frac14vkbdsu vkSj ekdZ amp1frac12-
lu~ 1940 eas Electromechanical Computing
vius fk[kj ij igqiexclp pqdh FkhA vkbZ ch e ds pkj
शीषथ bathfujkas o gkWoMZ vkbZdsu ls lu~ 1944 eas d
ekhu dks fodflr fdk vkSj bldk vkfkdkfjd uke
Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator j[kkA
2 ABC-vkbdsu vkSj ch e ds ekdZamp1 dh rduhdh
ubZ bysDVordfkWfuDl rduhdh vkus ls iqjkuh gks xh FkhA
ubZ bySDVordfkWfuDl rduhdh esa dksbZ kaf=d iqtkZ
lapkfyr djus dh vkodrk ugha FkhA tcfd ekdZamp1
d fo|rq ekhu FkhA
3 The ENIAC (1993-46)-bl dEIwVj dk iwjk
uke Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator gSA bldk fodkl vkehZ ds fys fdk
xk FkkA
4 The EDVAC (1946-52)- bl dk iwjk uke
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer FkkA g igyk fMftVy dEIwVj FkkA
5 The EDSAC (1947-49)- bl dk iwjk uke
Electronic Delay Variable Automatic
Calculator FkkA g igyk dEIwVj Fkk ftl ij
izksxzke dks ju fdk xk FkkA
6The UNIVAC-I (1951)- bl dk iwjk uke
Universal Automatic Computer FkkA g
igyk fMftVy dEIwVj FkkA vkSj g Okikj esa izksx
gksus okyk izFke dEIwVj FkkA IBM us 701
Commercial Computer rSkj djk FkkA
frac14dEIwVj dh ihlt+hkiexclfrac12
izFke ihlt+h (1945-1955)amp dEIwVj dh izFke ihlt+h
dh kqvkr 1945 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa
Vacuum Tube Technology dk izksx fdk
xk FkkA blesa ekhu Hkkkk dk izksx fdk xk FkkA
3
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bleas eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi oa iapdkMZ dk
izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
frh ihlt+h (1955-1964) amp frh ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1956 ls 1964 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl ihlt+h esa
Transistor dk izksx fdk xk FkkA ftldk
fodkl Willom Shockly न 1947 esa fdk FkkA
blesa vlsEcyh Hkkkk dk izksx fdk xk FkkA blesa
eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi dk izksx fdk tkus
yxk FkkA
िीसरी ऩीढ़ी (1964-1975) - dEIwVj dh rhljh
ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1964 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku
esa vkbZ lh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA IC dk iwjk
uke Integrated Circuit gSA IC dk fodkl 1958
esa Jack Kilby us fdk FkkA blesa IC
Technology (SSI) dk izksx fdk xk FkkA SSI
dk iwjk uke Small Scale Integration gSA bleas
gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeZx ds fys fdk
tkrk FkkA blesa eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh fMLd dk
izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
pkSFkh ihlt+h- dEIwVj dh pkSFkh ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1975
ls 1989 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ lh
dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
IC dh g rduhdh VLSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Very Large-Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ
ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys fdk tkrk
FkkA
प ाचव ा ihlt+h - dEIwVj dh ऩाॊचवीॊ ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1989 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ
lh dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk
FkkA IC dh g rduhdh ULSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Ultra Large Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys
fdk tkrk tks vfkd ljy gSA bu Hkkkkvksa esa GUI
Interface dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
vxyh ihlt+h ds dEIwVj
1 uSuks dEIwVj ampuSuks Lrj frac1410amp9mfrac12 ij fufeZr
uSuks V~wc~l ds izksx ls vRUr NksVs o
fokky kerk okys dEIwVj ds fodkl dk
izkl fdk tk jgk gSA
2 DokaVe dEIwVj ampg izdkk ds DokaVe
fl)kUr ij vkkkfjr gS ftlesa vkadM+ksa dk
laxzgk vkSj lalkku DokaVe dk dgrs gSA s
dk qXe esa jgrs gSa vkSj bUgsa ^Dw fcV~l
dgrs gSA
Iyhdsku ij dEIwVj vkkkj ds परक र
-Iyhdsku ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj rhu izdkj ds gksrs
gSA
1 Analog Computer tks HkkSfrd ek=kvksa dks
ukius dk dkZ djrs gSA ukykWx dEIwVj dk
izksx foKku oa Engineering ds kS+= esa fdk
tkrk gSA Dksfd bu kS=ksa eas ifjeki dk izksx
vfkd gksrk gSA
2 Digital Computer g dEIwVj vadks dh
xkuk djrs gSA vfkdkakr dEIwVj fMftVy
dEIwVj fMfyVy dEIwVj gh gksrs gSA
4
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3 Hybrid Computer os dEIwVj tks ukykWu
oa fMftVy dEIwVj nksuksa dk dkZ djrs gSA
mnkgjk Petrol Pump g pertrol vkfn dks
ukirk gS vkSj mlds ewY dh xkuk Hkh djrk gSA
mˆs ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 General Purpose Computer ftlls
lekU dkZ fds tkrs gSAbudk izksx kjksa oa
nqdkuksa fdk tkrk gSA
2 Special Purpose Computer g dEIwVj
foksk dkZ ds fys rSkj fds tkrs gSA budk
izksx fuEu ks=ksa esa fdk tkrk gSA tSls ekSle
foKku] d`fk foKu] q)] oa varfjk vkfn foKku
esa bldk izksx gksrk gSA
vkdkj oa dkZ djus ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj fuEuizdkj
ds gksrs gSA
1 Micro Computer- g dEIwVj vkdkj esa
NksVs gksrs gSA bu dEIwVj dk fodkl 1970 ds
nkd esa gqvk FkkA bu dEIwVj eas ekbdzks izkslslj
dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA bu dEIwVlZ dks PC Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
PC dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckiexclVk xk gSA
a Desktop Computer
b Laptop Computer
c Palmtop Computer
d Notebook Computer
e Tablet Computer
Desktop Computer- Desktop
Computer os dEIwVj gksrs gSA ftudks Vsfcy
ij j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA
Laptop Computer- Laptop
Computer os gksrs gSA ftudks xksnh eas j[kdj
pykk tkrk gSA g lkbZt esa cgqr NksVs gksrs gSA
bu dEIwVjlZ dks d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij
vklkuh ls ys tk ldrs gSA buesa ikoj ds fys
cSVjh dk izksx gksrk gSA
Palmtop Computer- g dEIwVj
Laptop Computer ls NksVs gksrs gSA ftudks
gFksyh eas j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA budh dkZ
djus dh kerk ysiVkWi ls FkksMh de gksrh gSA
5
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Notebook Computer- Notebook
computer Laptop Computer ds समान
gh gksrs ह
Tablet Computer- g dEIwVj cgqr gh
NksVs dEIwVj gksrs gSA g eksckbZy ls FkksMs cMs
gksrs gSA g VpLdhu gksrs gSA
2 Workstation Computer- Workstation
Computer dk izksx NksVs Okikj esa loZj ds
i eas fdk tkrk gSA budh dkZ djus dh kerk
ekbZdzks dEIwVj dh viskk vfkd gksrh gSA
3 Mini Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks cM+h
cM+h dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj dEIwVj
ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA
PDP-8 First Mini Computer ftldk
fodkl 1965 eas fdk xk FkkA A DEC
Companyus cukk FkkA DECdk iwjk uke
Digital Equipment Corporation gSA
4 Mainframe Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks
cMh cMh dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj
dEIwjV ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA bu
dEIwVjl esa ekbZdzks dEIwVj dk izksx Client ds
rkSj ij fdk tkrk gSA
dqNMainframe Computer fuEu gSA
IBM 4381 ICL 39 CDC Cyber etc
5 Super Computer-lqij dEIwVj foksk izdkj
ds dEIwVj gksrs gSA budk fuekZk foksk dkZ ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA g nqfuk ds lcls rst vkSj
cMs dEIwVj gksrs gSA
Hkkjr dk igyk lqij dEIwVj ije gSA
lqij dEIwVj ds dkZamp
1 varfjk k=k ds fys
2 ekSle foKku dh tkudkjh Kkr ds fys
3 q) ds fys
का पयटर सिसटम क घटक
1 Input
2 Process
3 Output
4 Memory
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
6
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
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blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
3
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bleas eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi oa iapdkMZ dk
izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
frh ihlt+h (1955-1964) amp frh ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1956 ls 1964 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl ihlt+h esa
Transistor dk izksx fdk xk FkkA ftldk
fodkl Willom Shockly न 1947 esa fdk FkkA
blesa vlsEcyh Hkkkk dk izksx fdk xk FkkA blesa
eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh Vsi dk izksx fdk tkus
yxk FkkA
िीसरी ऩीढ़ी (1964-1975) - dEIwVj dh rhljh
ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1964 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku
esa vkbZ lh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA IC dk iwjk
uke Integrated Circuit gSA IC dk fodkl 1958
esa Jack Kilby us fdk FkkA blesa IC
Technology (SSI) dk izksx fdk xk FkkA SSI
dk iwjk uke Small Scale Integration gSA bleas
gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeZx ds fys fdk
tkrk FkkA blesa eseksjh ds rkSj ij pqEcdh fMLd dk
izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
pkSFkh ihlt+h- dEIwVj dh pkSFkh ihlt+h dh kqvkr 1975
ls 1989 rd ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ lh
dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk FkkA
IC dh g rduhdh VLSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Very Large-Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ
ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys fdk tkrk
FkkA
प ाचव ा ihlt+h - dEIwVj dh ऩाॊचवीॊ ihlt+h dh
kqvkr 1989 ls ekuh tkrh gSA bl tujsku esa vkbZ
lh dh vkkqfud rduhdh dk izksx fdk tkus yxk
FkkA IC dh g rduhdh ULSI Fkh bldk iwjk uke
Ultra Large Scale Integration gSaA blesa gkbZ ysfoy Hkkkk dk izksx izksxzkfeaax fd fys
fdk tkrk tks vfkd ljy gSA bu Hkkkkvksa esa GUI
Interface dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
vxyh ihlt+h ds dEIwVj
1 uSuks dEIwVj ampuSuks Lrj frac1410amp9mfrac12 ij fufeZr
uSuks V~wc~l ds izksx ls vRUr NksVs o
fokky kerk okys dEIwVj ds fodkl dk
izkl fdk tk jgk gSA
2 DokaVe dEIwVj ampg izdkk ds DokaVe
fl)kUr ij vkkkfjr gS ftlesa vkadM+ksa dk
laxzgk vkSj lalkku DokaVe dk dgrs gSA s
dk qXe esa jgrs gSa vkSj bUgsa ^Dw fcV~l
dgrs gSA
Iyhdsku ij dEIwVj vkkkj ds परक र
-Iyhdsku ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj rhu izdkj ds gksrs
gSA
1 Analog Computer tks HkkSfrd ek=kvksa dks
ukius dk dkZ djrs gSA ukykWx dEIwVj dk
izksx foKku oa Engineering ds kS+= esa fdk
tkrk gSA Dksfd bu kS=ksa eas ifjeki dk izksx
vfkd gksrk gSA
2 Digital Computer g dEIwVj vadks dh
xkuk djrs gSA vfkdkakr dEIwVj fMftVy
dEIwVj fMfyVy dEIwVj gh gksrs gSA
4
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3 Hybrid Computer os dEIwVj tks ukykWu
oa fMftVy dEIwVj nksuksa dk dkZ djrs gSA
mnkgjk Petrol Pump g pertrol vkfn dks
ukirk gS vkSj mlds ewY dh xkuk Hkh djrk gSA
mˆs ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 General Purpose Computer ftlls
lekU dkZ fds tkrs gSAbudk izksx kjksa oa
nqdkuksa fdk tkrk gSA
2 Special Purpose Computer g dEIwVj
foksk dkZ ds fys rSkj fds tkrs gSA budk
izksx fuEu ks=ksa esa fdk tkrk gSA tSls ekSle
foKku] d`fk foKu] q)] oa varfjk vkfn foKku
esa bldk izksx gksrk gSA
vkdkj oa dkZ djus ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj fuEuizdkj
ds gksrs gSA
1 Micro Computer- g dEIwVj vkdkj esa
NksVs gksrs gSA bu dEIwVj dk fodkl 1970 ds
nkd esa gqvk FkkA bu dEIwVj eas ekbdzks izkslslj
dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA bu dEIwVlZ dks PC Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
PC dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckiexclVk xk gSA
a Desktop Computer
b Laptop Computer
c Palmtop Computer
d Notebook Computer
e Tablet Computer
Desktop Computer- Desktop
Computer os dEIwVj gksrs gSA ftudks Vsfcy
ij j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA
Laptop Computer- Laptop
Computer os gksrs gSA ftudks xksnh eas j[kdj
pykk tkrk gSA g lkbZt esa cgqr NksVs gksrs gSA
bu dEIwVjlZ dks d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij
vklkuh ls ys tk ldrs gSA buesa ikoj ds fys
cSVjh dk izksx gksrk gSA
Palmtop Computer- g dEIwVj
Laptop Computer ls NksVs gksrs gSA ftudks
gFksyh eas j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA budh dkZ
djus dh kerk ysiVkWi ls FkksMh de gksrh gSA
5
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Notebook Computer- Notebook
computer Laptop Computer ds समान
gh gksrs ह
Tablet Computer- g dEIwVj cgqr gh
NksVs dEIwVj gksrs gSA g eksckbZy ls FkksMs cMs
gksrs gSA g VpLdhu gksrs gSA
2 Workstation Computer- Workstation
Computer dk izksx NksVs Okikj esa loZj ds
i eas fdk tkrk gSA budh dkZ djus dh kerk
ekbZdzks dEIwVj dh viskk vfkd gksrh gSA
3 Mini Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks cM+h
cM+h dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj dEIwVj
ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA
PDP-8 First Mini Computer ftldk
fodkl 1965 eas fdk xk FkkA A DEC
Companyus cukk FkkA DECdk iwjk uke
Digital Equipment Corporation gSA
4 Mainframe Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks
cMh cMh dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj
dEIwjV ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA bu
dEIwVjl esa ekbZdzks dEIwVj dk izksx Client ds
rkSj ij fdk tkrk gSA
dqNMainframe Computer fuEu gSA
IBM 4381 ICL 39 CDC Cyber etc
5 Super Computer-lqij dEIwVj foksk izdkj
ds dEIwVj gksrs gSA budk fuekZk foksk dkZ ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA g nqfuk ds lcls rst vkSj
cMs dEIwVj gksrs gSA
Hkkjr dk igyk lqij dEIwVj ije gSA
lqij dEIwVj ds dkZamp
1 varfjk k=k ds fys
2 ekSle foKku dh tkudkjh Kkr ds fys
3 q) ds fys
का पयटर सिसटम क घटक
1 Input
2 Process
3 Output
4 Memory
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
6
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
7
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
4
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3 Hybrid Computer os dEIwVj tks ukykWu
oa fMftVy dEIwVj nksuksa dk dkZ djrs gSA
mnkgjk Petrol Pump g pertrol vkfn dks
ukirk gS vkSj mlds ewY dh xkuk Hkh djrk gSA
mˆs ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 General Purpose Computer ftlls
lekU dkZ fds tkrs gSAbudk izksx kjksa oa
nqdkuksa fdk tkrk gSA
2 Special Purpose Computer g dEIwVj
foksk dkZ ds fys rSkj fds tkrs gSA budk
izksx fuEu ks=ksa esa fdk tkrk gSA tSls ekSle
foKku] d`fk foKu] q)] oa varfjk vkfn foKku
esa bldk izksx gksrk gSA
vkdkj oa dkZ djus ds vkkkj ij dEIwVj fuEuizdkj
ds gksrs gSA
1 Micro Computer- g dEIwVj vkdkj esa
NksVs gksrs gSA bu dEIwVj dk fodkl 1970 ds
nkd esa gqvk FkkA bu dEIwVj eas ekbdzks izkslslj
dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA bu dEIwVlZ dks PC Hkh
dgk tkrk gSA
PC dks fuEu Hkkxksa esa ckiexclVk xk gSA
a Desktop Computer
b Laptop Computer
c Palmtop Computer
d Notebook Computer
e Tablet Computer
Desktop Computer- Desktop
Computer os dEIwVj gksrs gSA ftudks Vsfcy
ij j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA
Laptop Computer- Laptop
Computer os gksrs gSA ftudks xksnh eas j[kdj
pykk tkrk gSA g lkbZt esa cgqr NksVs gksrs gSA
bu dEIwVjlZ dks d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij
vklkuh ls ys tk ldrs gSA buesa ikoj ds fys
cSVjh dk izksx gksrk gSA
Palmtop Computer- g dEIwVj
Laptop Computer ls NksVs gksrs gSA ftudks
gFksyh eas j[kdj pykk tkrk gSA budh dkZ
djus dh kerk ysiVkWi ls FkksMh de gksrh gSA
5
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Notebook Computer- Notebook
computer Laptop Computer ds समान
gh gksrs ह
Tablet Computer- g dEIwVj cgqr gh
NksVs dEIwVj gksrs gSA g eksckbZy ls FkksMs cMs
gksrs gSA g VpLdhu gksrs gSA
2 Workstation Computer- Workstation
Computer dk izksx NksVs Okikj esa loZj ds
i eas fdk tkrk gSA budh dkZ djus dh kerk
ekbZdzks dEIwVj dh viskk vfkd gksrh gSA
3 Mini Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks cM+h
cM+h dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj dEIwVj
ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA
PDP-8 First Mini Computer ftldk
fodkl 1965 eas fdk xk FkkA A DEC
Companyus cukk FkkA DECdk iwjk uke
Digital Equipment Corporation gSA
4 Mainframe Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks
cMh cMh dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj
dEIwjV ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA bu
dEIwVjl esa ekbZdzks dEIwVj dk izksx Client ds
rkSj ij fdk tkrk gSA
dqNMainframe Computer fuEu gSA
IBM 4381 ICL 39 CDC Cyber etc
5 Super Computer-lqij dEIwVj foksk izdkj
ds dEIwVj gksrs gSA budk fuekZk foksk dkZ ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA g nqfuk ds lcls rst vkSj
cMs dEIwVj gksrs gSA
Hkkjr dk igyk lqij dEIwVj ije gSA
lqij dEIwVj ds dkZamp
1 varfjk k=k ds fys
2 ekSle foKku dh tkudkjh Kkr ds fys
3 q) ds fys
का पयटर सिसटम क घटक
1 Input
2 Process
3 Output
4 Memory
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
6
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
7
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
9
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
5
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Notebook Computer- Notebook
computer Laptop Computer ds समान
gh gksrs ह
Tablet Computer- g dEIwVj cgqr gh
NksVs dEIwVj gksrs gSA g eksckbZy ls FkksMs cMs
gksrs gSA g VpLdhu gksrs gSA
2 Workstation Computer- Workstation
Computer dk izksx NksVs Okikj esa loZj ds
i eas fdk tkrk gSA budh dkZ djus dh kerk
ekbZdzks dEIwVj dh viskk vfkd gksrh gSA
3 Mini Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks cM+h
cM+h dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj dEIwVj
ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA
PDP-8 First Mini Computer ftldk
fodkl 1965 eas fdk xk FkkA A DEC
Companyus cukk FkkA DECdk iwjk uke
Digital Equipment Corporation gSA
4 Mainframe Computer- g oks dEIwVj tks
cMh cMh dEiuhksa oa ljdkjh vkWfQl eas loZj
dEIwjV ds dkZ ds fys izksx fds tkrs gSA bu
dEIwVjl esa ekbZdzks dEIwVj dk izksx Client ds
rkSj ij fdk tkrk gSA
dqNMainframe Computer fuEu gSA
IBM 4381 ICL 39 CDC Cyber etc
5 Super Computer-lqij dEIwVj foksk izdkj
ds dEIwVj gksrs gSA budk fuekZk foksk dkZ ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA g nqfuk ds lcls rst vkSj
cMs dEIwVj gksrs gSA
Hkkjr dk igyk lqij dEIwVj ije gSA
lqij dEIwVj ds dkZamp
1 varfjk k=k ds fys
2 ekSle foKku dh tkudkjh Kkr ds fys
3 q) ds fys
का पयटर सिसटम क घटक
1 Input
2 Process
3 Output
4 Memory
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
6
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
7
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
9
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
11
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
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ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
lh-ih-w- amp(CPU) - lh-ih-w- dk dkZ fns xs
MkVk dks izkslsl djds mlls vkmViqV i eas
lwpuksaifjkke iznfkZr djuk gksrk gSA
CPU dks eq[rk rhu Hkkxksa eas ckaVk xk gSA
1 dUVordfksy wfuV
2 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfVu
3 eSeksjh
frac141frac12 dUVordfksy wfuV dUVordfksy wfuV dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd
fOslashkvkas dks lapkfyr djds] mUgas fufU=r djrh gSA
rRipkr bu fOslashkvksa dk -y-w- rFkk eSeksjh eas
vknkuampiznku djrh gSA
frac142frac12 vFkZ eSfVd ykWftd wfuV
tSlk fd uke ls gh LiV gS] fd g wfuV lkHkh
izdkj ds vFkZ eSfVd vkSj ykWftdy fOslashksa djrh gSA
-y-w- dUVordfksy wfuV ls MkVk rFkk funsZkkas dks
izkIr djds mUgsa fOslashkfUor djrk gSA rRipkr~ MkVk
rFkk funsZkkas dks lwpuk ds i esa eSeksjh esa Hkst nsrk gSA
frac143frac12 eSeksjh (Memory)
eSeksjh eq[r nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- eq[ eSeksjh(Main Memory) bl eSeksjh dks
Main MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
A RAM
B ROM
2- lgkd eSeksjh (Auxiliary Memory) lgkd
eSeksjh mlesa ckgj pqEcdh ekeksa tSlsampgkMZ fMLd]
paraykWih fMLd] pqEcdh Vsi vkfn ds i esa gksrh gSA
lhihw dh xfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdamp
1 kCn ijkl frac14Word Lenghtfrac12
2 dEIwVj kM+h frac14System Clockfrac12
3 lekUkkUrj xkuk frac14Parallel
Processingfrac12
4 dSk eseksjh frac14Cache Memoryfrac12 ampblds
kjk eseksjh wfuV rFkk dEIwVj dh xfr ls
chp leUo LFkkfir fdk tkrk gSA blls
dEIwVj dh xfr esa o`f) gksrh gSA
ममोरी
ममोरी- g Computer dh LVksjst wfuV gSA g
dEIwVj dk egRoiwkZ fgLlk gksrh gSA blesa ge MkVk
izksxzke vkfn dks LVksj djds j[k ldrs gSA bldks ukius
dh lkbZt ds vkkkj ij dbZ wfuV gSA tSls ckbZV]
fdykckbZV] esxkckbZV] xhxkckbZV oa VsjkcbZV blesa
lcls NksVh wfuV ckbZV oa lcls cMh wfuV VsjkckbZV
gksrh gSA
g nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Primary Memory
2 Secondary Memory
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
11
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
7
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पराइमरी ममोरी
पराइमरी ममोरी- bl eSeksjh dks Main
MemoryHkh dgk tkrk gSA g nks izdkj dh gksrh
gSA
A RAM
B ROM
RAM (Randam Access Memory)
bldk iwjk uke Randam Access Memory gSA
bldh fuEu fokskrkiexcl gksrh gSA
bldks dEIwVj dh izeq[k eSeksjh dgk tkrk gSA
g vLFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA vFkkZr~ bleas LVksj
MkVk dEiwVj can gksus ij fMfyV gks tkrk
gSA ftldk iqu izkIr ugha fdk tk ldrk
gSA
g Volatile Memory dgykrh gSA
g d Semiconditor or Filp Flop
ls feydj cuh Memory gksrh gSA g fuEu izdkj dh gksrh gSA tSls SRAM
DRAM SD RAM etc
SRAM-bldk iwjk uke Staic Randam
Access Memory gSA g Flip Flop ls feydj
cuh gksrh gSA blfys g de Refresh gksrh gSA
DRAM- bldk iwjk uke Dyanamic
Random Access Memory gSA g eSeksjh
tYnh tYnh fjQzsk gksrh gSA Refresh dk eryc
Electronic Charge or Dischange ls gksrk
gSA g d सकॊ ड esa gtkjksa ckj ररफरश gksrh gSA
vr bldh गति धीमी gksrh gSA g vU jse dh
viskk lLrh gksrh gSA
SD RAM-bldk iwjk uke Synchoronous
Dyanamic Randam Access Memory gSA
NV RAM- bldk iwjk uke Non Volatile
Randam Access Memory gSA bl jse dk
izksx usVodZ fMokbl esa gkMZfMLd ds i esa fdk
tkrk gSA g d eagxh eSeksjh gksrh gSA
ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM dk iwjk uke Read Only Memory gSA
g dEIwVj dh Primary Memory gksrh gSA g LFkkbZ eSeksjh gksrh gSA bleas dEIwVj dks LVkVZ djus
okys izkFkfed izksxzke oa सहटॊग gksrh gSA g rhu
izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 PROM 2 EPROM
3 EEPROM
1 PROM- bldk iwjk uke Programble
Read Only Memory gSA bl fpi esa d
ckj izksxzke LVksj fdk tk ldrk FkkA fn izksxzke esa
=qfV (Error) gksus ij mlesa dksbZ lqkkj ugha fdk
tk ldrk FkkA
2 EPROM- bldk iwjk uke Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory
gSA bl fpi eas LVksj izksxzke eas lqkkj fdk tk
ldrk FkkA fpi esa lqkkj djus ds fys fpi dks
cksMZ ls fudky dj ijkcSxuh (ultraviolet
Ray) ds lkeus j[kk tkrk FkkA
3 EEPROM- bldk iwjk uke Electronic
Erasable Programmable Read Only
8
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
9
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
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Memory gSA bl fpi us EPROM dh leLk
dks nwj fdk gSA bl fpi esa LVksj izksxzke oa MkVk
eas lqkkj djus ds fys fo|qr dk izksx fdk xk
FkkA vktdy ds enjcksMZ esa blh jkse dk izksx
fdk tk jgk gSA
िक डरी सटोरज डडव इि
Secondary Storage Device dks Auxiliary
Storage Device Hkh dgk tkrk gSA g dEIwVj
dk Hkkx ugha gksrkh gSA bldh Storage kerk vfkd
gksrh gSA oa MkVk dks sDlsl djus fd xfr
Primary Memory ls kheh gksrh gSA
MkVk dks sDlsl djus ds vkkkj ij g rhu izdkj dh
gksrh gSA
1 Sequential Access Storage
Device- bl fOslashk esa Storage Data
dks mlh Oslashe esa sDlsal fdk tkrk gS ftl
Oslashe esa LVksj fdk tkrk gSA pqEcdh Vsin
blh dk mnkgjk gSA
2 Index Sequential Access
Method- blesa MkVk dks sequential
Access method ls gh MkVk dks sDlsl
fdk tkrk gSA ysfdu bleas MkVk dks LVksj
djrs le d baMsDl rSkj dj fyk tkrk
gSA
3 Direct Access Method- blesa MkVk
dks fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa sDlsl fdk tk ldrk
gSA oa fdlh Hkh Oslashe esa MkVk dks LVksj fdk
tk ldrk gSA bldh sDlsl xfr flfjy
sDlsl dh rqyuk esa vfkd gksrh gSA
सटोरज डडव इि क परक र
1 Magnetic Tape- Magnetic Tape
d LFkkbZ fŸkhd LVksjst fMokbt gSA bleas
d IykfLVd ds Vsi ij pqEcdh inkFkZ
(Magnetic oxide) dk ysiu jgrk gSA
2 dkVsZat Vsi (Cartridge Tape)- bl Vsi
dh pkSMkbZ pqEcdh Vsi ls de gksrh gSA 1970
ds nkd ds var eas kjsyw dEIwVjksa esa dkWEisDV
dSlsV dk izksx fdk tkrk FkkA
3 pqEcdh fMLd (Magnetic Disk)
vktdy MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys dEIwVjksa esa
pqEcdh fMLd dk izksx fdk tk jgk gSA pqEcdh
fMLd nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Floppy Disk
2 Hard Disk
हाडथ डडसक- हाडथ डडसक dk fodkl dEIwVj eas
MkVk dks LVksj djus ds fys fdk xk Fkk vkt dy
bldk izksx dEIwVj ls vkxs cltdj dbZ ks=ksa esa gks
jgk gSA
fMLd dh IysV esa Track and Sector gksrs gSA
lsDVj eas MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA d lsDVj eas 512 ckbV
MkVk LVksj gksrk gSA
MkVk dks LVskj oa ilt+us ds fys rhu rjg ds le
yxrs gSA tks fuEu gSA
1 Seek Time- fMLd eas MkVk dks jhlt+ k
jkbZV djus okys Track rd igqap esa yxk
le lhd Vkbe dgyrk gSA
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
11
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
9
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2 Letancy time- Track esa MkVk ds
Sector rd igqap esa yxk le ysVsalh VkbZe
dgykrk gSA
3 Transfer Rate- Sector esa MkVk dks
fy[kus oa iltus esa tks le yxrk gSA mls
Transfer Rate dgk tkrk gSA
फऱॉऩी डडसक- फऱॉऩी डडसक dks fMDdsV k
dsoy फऱॉऩी Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bldk izksx ekbdzks
dEIwVj esa gksrk gSA gka vkdkj oa lkbZt ds vkkkj
ij nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1 Mini Floppy- g vkdkj eas 5frac14 bap
dh gksrh ह laxzgk kerk 12 MB gksrh gSA
budh Drive Hkh vkdkj esa blh ds vkdkj
dh gksrh gSA
2 Micro Floppy- g vkdkj esa 3frac12 bap
dh gksrh gSA budh laxzgk kerk 14 MB
gksrh gSA
ऑतटकऱ डडसक ओतटकऱ डडसक os fMLd
gksrh gSA ftlesa MkVk dks jhM vkSj LVksj djus ds fys
ykbZVk dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA vkWifVdy fMLd
dgykrh gSA bl fMLV eas d jklkfud inkFkZ dk ysi
jgrk gSA 1 lhMh 2 MhohMh
ममोरी यनिट
इिपट और आउटपट डडव इि
buiqVampqfDrkiexcl (Input Devices)-
ekuoh funskksZa dks dEIwVj ds legtus ksX ladsrksa eas
ifjofrZr djus ds fy ftu qfDrkas dk izksx fdk
tkrk gS mUgas ^buiqV qfDrkiexcl dgrs gSA tSls ampdh
ampcksMZ] ekAringl vkfnA
buiqV fMokbl nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA
1Online
2Offline
Online input device- is fMokbl tks dEIwVj
ls connect gksdj MkVk dks buiqV djus dk dkZ
djrh gSA
vkuykbZu buiqV fMokbl dgykrh gSA tSls
I Keyboard
10
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
11
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
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II Mouse
III Scanner
IV Joy Strick
V Track ball
VI Digiting tablet
VII MICR
VIII OCR
IX OMR
X BCR
XI Light pen
XII Touch screen
XIII Voice Recognition
Key board frac14dh cksMZfrac12
g d lcls Tknk izksx dh tkus okyh vkuykbZu
buiqV fMokbl gSA A blls text number
symbol vkfn dks dEIwVj ds vanj buiqV fdk
tkrk gSA d LVWMZ dhcksMZ esa 101 dh gksrh gS
dhcksMZ dh dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckWVk xk gSA
1 Function key 2 Alfa - numeric
keypad 3 Numeric key pad 4 Special
key
1 Function key- g dh dhcksMZ eas lcls Aringij
gksrh gSA budh la[k ckjg (F1-F12) gksrh gSA
1 F1 dEIwVj ij dke djrs le gesa enn
dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
2 F2 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj oa Qkby dk uke cny
ldrs gSA
3 F3 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
fdlh Hkh QksYMj Qkby fp= vkfn dks [kkstus
ds fy dke esa fyk tkrk gSA
4 F4 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
baVjusV DlIyksj eas Mordfl ckj [kqy tkxhA
vkSj Alt ds lkFk F4 nckus ls pkyw izksxzke
can gks tkxkA
5 F5 dEIwVj dks bl dqath dh lgkrk ls
rktk (Refresh) dj ldrs gS vkSj osc ist
dksa nqckjk yksM dj ldrs gSA
6 F6 oMZ esa dke djrs le bl dqath dks nks
ckj nckus ls esuw ckj lfOslash gks tkrh gSA
7 F7 oMZ esa dke djrs le orZuh vkSj
Okdjk ls lEcfUk xyrh dks lqkkjus ds fy
bl dqath dh lgkrk yh tkrh gSA
8 F8 dEIwVj eas foaMks yksM djrs le bl
dqath dks nckdj cwV izfOslashk pkyw dh tk
ldrh gSA
9 F9 oMZ eas bl daqth dh lgrk ls lysDlu
dks gVkk tkrkj gS vkSj g cwV izfOslashk pkyw
djus ds dke esa Hkh yh tkrh gSA
10 F10 dEIwVj ij bl dqath dh lgkrk
izksxzke dh esuw ckj dks lafOslash djus ds dke esa
yh tkrh gSA vkSj Shift ds lkFk F10 nckus
ls MsLdVkWi ij Right Click dk dkZ
djrk gSA
11 F11 baVjusV DlIyksj eas dke djrs le
bl dqath dh lgkrk ls baVjusV DlIyksj
dks Qqy LOslashhu ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
12 F12 oMZ eas dkZ djrs le bl daqth dh
lgkrk ls Save as foaMks [kqy tkrh gSA
vkSj QkbZy dks lso dj ldrs gSA
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Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
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ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
11
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alfa-Numeric keypad-g dh dhcksMZ ds
e dk fgLlk gksrk gS g dh lcls egRoiwkZ dh
gksrh gSA blls A TO Z a TO z 0 TO 9 ~
$ ^ amp ( )
Numeric key-g dh cksMZ eas nks rjQ gksrh
gSA blesa dqy 17 dh gksrh gSA
Special Key- budh la[k dh cksMZ eas de
gksrh gS buls dEIwVj ds special dkZ tkrs gSA
tSls screen printing scroll lock
insert power button home End
Insert etc
Mouse frac14ekmlfrac12
g GUI interface eas lcls Tknk izksx gksus
okyh pointer input device gSA bldk fodkl
1980 ds nkd ds ckn fdk xk FkkA bldk vkdkj
ekml ds leku gksus ds dkjk bls ekml dgk tkrk
gSA blesa dqy rhu cVu gksrs gsA Left and Right
Button vkSj chp eas d Scroll button gksrk gSA
ekml rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Mechanical Mouse
2 Optical Mouse
3 Wireless Mouse
Mechanical Mousefrac14kaf=dh ekmlfrac12amp bu ekml
dk izksx 1990 ds nkd esa fdk tkrk gSA blesa d
jcj dh xsan gksrh Fkh tks ekml ds [kksy ls FkksMh ckgj
fudyh jgrh FkhA
Optical Mouse frac14izdkkh ekmlfrac12ampoptical
mouse d us izdkj ds ekml gS vktdy bu
ekml dk izksx lcls Tknk gks jgk gSA
Cordless Mouse - g vkt ds vkkqfud qx ds
ekml gSA g ekml QzhDosUlh ds vkkkj ij dkZ djrs
gSA blesa nks izeq[k dEiksusUVl transmitter and
receiver gksrs gSA g electromagnetic
signal ds i esa ekml dh xfr rFkk fDyd djus
dh lwpuk Computer dks Hksth tkrh gS fjlhoj
dEIwVj eas tksM+k tkrk gSA rFkk blesa blds Driver
dks dEIwVj eas install djuk iMrk gSA vkt ds
dEIwVjvksa eas g bu fcYV Hkh gksrk gSA
12
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
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gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
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s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
12
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
ge ekml ds lkFk dbZ izdkj dh fOslashka djrs gSaamp
ikWbfVax(Pointing)- tc ge ekml dks bkjampmkj
f[kldk dj ekml ikWbaVj dks vius MsLdVkWi dh fdlh
vkbdkWu ij ykrs gSa] rks bls ikWbaV djuk dgk tkrk gSA
fDyfdax (Clicking)- tc ge ekml ikWbaVj dks
fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu
dks d ckj nckdj NksM+ nsrs gSa] rks ml fOslashk dks
fDyd djuk dgk tkrk gS]
Mcy fDyfdax (Double Clicking )- tc ge
ekml ds cka cVu ls tYnhamptYnh nks ckj fDyd
djrs gS] rks ml fOslashk dks Mcy fDyd djuk dgk
tkrk gSA
jkbVampfDyfdax (Right Clicking)- tc ge ekml
ikWbaVj dks fdlh vkbdkWu k izksxzke ij ykdj ekml
ds nka cVu dks fDyd djrs gS] rks bl fOslashk dks
jkbVampfDyd djuk dgk tkrk gSA
MordfSfaxax (Dragging)- tc ge ikWbaVj dks fdlh
vkdkWu ij ykdj ekml ds cka cVu dks nckdj
idM+ ysrs gS vkSj ekml cVu dks nck j[kdj gh
ekml ikWbaVj dks bkjampmkj ljdkrs gS] rks bl fOslashk
dks [khapuk k MSordfx djuk dgk tkrk gSA
Scanner frac14LdSujfrac12
LdSuj d vkWuykbZu buiqV fMokbl gSA blls ge
lwpuk oa MkVk dks dEIwVj ds vUnj lhks buiqV dj
ldrs gSA blls fdlh Hkh fdrkc QksVks oa vU MkVk
dks iltdj mls dEIwVj eas QksVks ds i eas lso djrk
gSA blls ge gkMZdkWih dks soft dkWih eas ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA
MICR Scanner- MICR dk izksx cSafdax eas
vfkd fdk tkrk gSA cSad eas vfkd la[k esa pSd
tkapus esa budk izksx gksrk gSA
MICR Technology esa pSd ij foksk pqEcdh
Lkgh kjk dSjsDVj Nkis tkrs gSA
Optical Scanner-blesa izdkkh fofk ls izdkk
dSjsDVlZ ij Mkyk tkrk gSA blds mnkgjk OCR
OMR and OBR
OMR- bldk iwjk uke Optical Mark
Reader gSA g d slh fMokbl gS tks OMR
13
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Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
13
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Sheet ij isfUly k isu ds fpUg dh mifLFkfr vkSj
vuqmifLFkfr dks tk dh mifLFkfr vkSj vuqmifLFkfr dks
tkiexclprh gSA vktdy bldk izksx Competitive
examination dh answer book dks Check
fdk tkrk gSA blds izksx ls de le eas lgh
ifjkke vk tkrs gSA
OCR-bldk iwjk uke Optical Character
Recognition gSA
OCR ds QzkWUV dEIwVj esa LVksj jgrs gSA ftUgsa
vkslhvkj LVSMMZ dgrs gSA blesa letter Number
and special symbol gksrs gSA
Joystick-bldk izksx dEIwVj eas xsEl [ksyus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Trackball- g d pointer device gSA g
ekml ds leku dkZ djrh gSA blesa d mHkjh gqbZ
xsan gksrh gSA bldh lgkrk ls xsEl Hkh [ksys tkrs gSA
g de txg ksjrk gSA blesa dsoy xsan dks kqekuk
iMrk gS] iwjh trackball device dks ughaA
Light Pen- ykbZV isu dk izksx dEIwVj Ldzhu ij
dksbZ fp= k dk vkdfr dk fuekZk djus ds fys fdk
tkrk gSA g Hkh d ikabVj fMokbl
vktdy bldk izksx CAD ds dkksZa esa vfkd gks
jgk gSA
Touch Screen- Touch Screen dk izksx
vktdy cSafdax] jsYos] jiksVZ oa ykbczsjh esa dSVykWu
Qkby dks ltwltus esa fdk tk jgk gSA
Digitizing tablet or Graphic table-
Digitizing tablet d drawing lrg gksrh
gSA blds lkFk d isu k ekml gksrk gSA bl Vsfcy
ij irys rkjksa dk tky gksrk gSA ftl ij isu pykrs
14
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
14
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
gh ladsr dEIwVj eas pys tkrs gSA
Voice recognition-bldh lgkrk ls ge MkVk
dks dEIwVj esa cksydj buiqV djk ldrs gSA
Bar Code Reader (BCR)-BCR dk izksx
Oklkfd kS= eas fdk tkrk gSA blls mRikn
(product) ds iSdsV ds Aringij Nis gqs ckj dksM dh
iltus ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
Offline input device- os fMtkbl tks dEIwVj
ls plug fds fcuk MkVk dks collect djds dEIwVj
esa buiqV djrh gSA vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
dgykrh gSA gSA dSejk d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV fMokbl
gSA
Digital Camera- g d vkWQ ykbZu buiqV
fMokbl gSS bldk izksx QksVks [khpus oa LVksj djus ds
fys fdk tkrk gSA
Output Devices
Monitor
Monitor d vkmViqV fMokbl gSA bldks fotqvy
fMLIys wfuV Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
Flat Panel Monitor-g ubZ rduhdh ds
ekWuhVj gSA blesa LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) Technology dk izksx gksrk gSA
vkt dh ubZ rduhdh LED gSA ftldk iwjk uke
Light emitting diode gSA
Characteristics of a Monitor frac14ekWuhVj ds
eq[ ykkfrac12amp
1 Resolution frac14jstksywkufrac12ampDisplay
device dk egRoiwkZ xqk jstksywku k
Ldzhu ds fp= dh LiVrk gksrk gSA
ekWuhVj esa fp= dk fuekZk NksVs NksVs
fcUnqvksa ls feydj gksrk gSA ftls fiDlsy
dgk tkrk gS tc og fcUnq pedrs gSA
2 Refresh Rate- ekWuhVj ls fjQzsk jsV
dks gVZt eas ukik tkrk gSA
3 Dot Pitch- MkWV fip d izdkj dh
ekiu rduhdh gSA dyj ekWuhVj dh MkWV
fip 015 MM ls 30 MM rd gksrh
gSA
4 Interlacing or non
Interlacing- g d slh fMLIys
rduhdh gSA tks dh ekWuhVj ls jstksywku
dh xqkoŸkk esa vkSj vfkd of) djrh gSA
5 Bit Mapping- ftleas VSDl vkSj
xzkfQDl nksuksa dks iznfkZr fdk tk
ldrk gS og fcV eSafix dgykrh gSA
blls vkWijsVj fdlh Hkh vkd`fr dks Ldzhu
ij cukk tk ldrk gSA
Printer
Printer d vkWu ykbZu vkmViqV fMokbl gSA blls
vkmViqV dks dkxt ij Nki dj izLrqr fdk tkrk gSA
15
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
15
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dkxt ij fys xs vkmViqV dks hard copy dgk
tkrk gSA
Printering Technology ds vkkkj ij fizaVlZ nks
izdkj ds gksrs gSA
g os fizVaj gksrs gSA tks fizfVax djrs le vkokt
djrs gSA blfys budks impact printer dgrs gSA
Impact Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Draft Quality Printening-
blesa lkekU NikbZ gksrh gSA
2 Near Letter Quality
Princterning- bl fizfVax eas d
vkj dks nks ckj Nkik tkrk gSA bldh
fizafVax xfr kheh gksrh gSA
Solid Printer
Daisy Wheel printer- g d Bksl eqnzk amp
vkj frac14 Solid Font Printerfrac12 impact printer
gSA blds fizfVax gSM esa d pOslash (Wheel) gksrk gSA
ftlds izRsd rkus ij d vkj mHkjk jgrk gSA
Printing ds vkkkj ij Line Printer rhu izdkj
ds gksrs gSA
Line Printer-ykbZu fizaVj gksrs tks d ckj eas d
ykbZu dks fizaV djrs gSA g bEiSDV fizaVj gksrs gSA g
rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Chain Printer- bl fizaVj esa d pSu gksrh
gSA ftls fizafVx pSu dgrs gS
2 Band Printer- bl fizaVj eas d csaM gksrk gSA
ftls fizafVal cSM dgrs gSA
3 Drum Printer- bl fizaVj eas d Mordfe gksrk
gSA bl ij Bksl vkj fpids jgrs gSA
Non Impact Printer
Non Impact Printer os fizaVj gksrs gSA tks fizfaVax
djrs le vkokt ugha djrs gSA Non Impact
Printer nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Ink Jet Printer
2 Laser Printer
Ink Jet Printer-Ink jet Printer d non
impact printergSA jaxhu badtSV fiazVj eas Lkgh ds
pkj uksty gksrs gSA uhye] yky] ihyk] dkyk blfys
bldks CYMK fizaVj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
blds bldh fiazfVax DokfyVh izk 300 DPI (Dot
Per Inch) gksrh gSA
Laser Printer- g ukWu bEiSDV ist fizaVj gksrs
gSA bldk izksx dEIwVj esa 1970 ds nkd ls fdk
tk jgk gSA
budh fizafVax DokfyVh 300 to 600 Dpi rd gksrh gS
tks loZJsB gksrh gSA bldh xfr dks ppm esa ukik
tkrk gSA vktdy budh dher de gks xbZ gSA
Plotter
16
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g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
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MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
38
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
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lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
16
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
g d vkmViqV fMokbl gS blls fp= oa xzkQ dks
fiazV fdk tkrk gSA g 3 D printing Hkh dj
ldrs gSA blds kjk cSuj iksLVj vkfn dks fizaV fdk
tkrk gSA
g nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
1 Drum pen plotter
2 Fletbed plotter
Sound Card amp Speaker
Sound Card dExtenstion board gksrk gS
ftldk izksx lkmUM dks Edit djus oa output
djus es gksrk gSA
Software
Need of Sofware- Computer Hardware
and Software ls feydj curk gSA dEIwVj esa
gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys dEIwVj eas mlds
dkZ dks ifjHkkfkr djuk iM+rk gSA rkfd og vius
dkZ dks vPNh rjg ls dj ldsA blds dkZ dks
Software ds eke ls ifjHkkfkr fdk tkrk gSA
vFkkZr~ dEIwVj dk izksx djus ds Software dh
vkodrk gksrh gSA dEIwVj eas fdlh dkZ dks djus
ds fys d software dh vkodrk gksrh gSA
dEIwVj esa hardware and Software d nwljs
ds iwjd gksrs gSA
Software- Computer dksbZ Hkh dkZ vius vki
ugha djrk gS mlls dkZ djuk ds fys mls igys
ifjHkkfkr djuk iMrk gSA ftlds fys Computer
Language dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
Software nks izdkj ds gksrs gSA
System Software
Application Software
System Software- g d k d ls vfkd
izksxzke dk lewg gksrk gSA bl software ds kjk
dEIwVj mlds gkMZosj dks fuaf=ar fdk tkrk gSA
buds kjk fuEufyf[kr dkZ fds tkrs gSA
1 g wtj oa gkMZosj ds chp interface
dk fuekkZ djrs gSA
2 g Application Software dks
execute djus ds fys IysVQkeZ miyCk
djrs gSA
3 us gkMZosj dk izksx djus ds fys lgksx
iznku djrs gSA
4 g dEIwVj dks esUVsUl dk dkZ fdk tkrk
gSA
5 g dEIwVj dks fuaf=r djrs gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ System Software fuEufyf[kr gSA
Operating System- izRsd Computer esa
vkWijsfVax dh vkodrk gksrh gSA fcuk blds dEIwVj
dks izksx ugha fdk tk ldrk gSA g wtj oa
dEIwVj ds chp bUVjQsl dk fuekZk fdk tkrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqoknd (Language Translators)-
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
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Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
17
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
s sls izksxzke gSA tks fofHkUu izksxzkfeax Hkkkkvkas eas
fy[ks xs izksxzkekas dk vuqokn dEIwVj dh ekhuh Hkkkk
eas djrsa gSA g vuqokn djuk blfy vkod gksrk
gSA fd dEIwVj dsoy viuh ekhuh Hkkkk esa fy[ks gq
izksxzke dk ikyu dj ldrk gSA
Hkkkk vuqokndksa dks eq[r rhu Jsfkkas esa ckiexclVk tkrk
gSA
1 vlsEcyj
2 dEikbyj
3 bUVjiszVj
budk lafkIr foojk fuEuor gSA
1 vlsEcyj ampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
vlsEcyh Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs fdlh izksxzke dks
iltrk gSA vkSj mldk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk esa
dj nsrk gSA vlsEcyh Hkkkk ds izksxzke dks lkslZ
vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA bldk ekhuh
Hkkkk esa vuqokn djus ds ckn tks izksxzke izkIr
gksrk gSA mls vkWCtsDV izksxzke dgk tkrk gSA
2 dEikbyjampg d slk izksxzke gksrk gSA tks
fdlh izksxzkej kjk mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeaxHkkkk
esa fy[ks xs lkslZ izksxzke dk ekhuh Hkkkk esa
vuqokn djrk gSA
3 bUVjizsVjampg Hkh fdlh izksxzkej kjk
mPpampLrjh izksxzkfeax Hkkkk eas fy[ks xs lkslZ
izksxzke dk vuqokn ekhuh Hkkkk eas djrk gSA
ewyr dEikbyj vkSj bUVjizsVj dk dkZ
leku gksrk gSA vUrj dsoy g gS fd
dEikbyj tgkiexcl vkWCtsDV izksxzke cukrh gSA ogh
bUVjizsVj dqN ugha cukrk gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosjamp
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj dqN sls izksxzkeksa dks dgk
tkrk gSA ftudh vkodrk ges ckjampckj iMrh
gSA wfVfyVh izksaxzke] dbZ sls dkZ djrk gSA tks
dEIwVj dk miksx djrs le geas djkus iMrs
gSA
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj ds dqN izeq[k mnkgjk
fuEuor gSa amp
Qkby lkWfVZx izksxzke (File Sorting
Programs)- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA tks
fdlh MkVk Qkby ds fjdkWMksZ dks gekjs fdlh
bfPNr Oslashe eas yxk ldrs gSA
MkVk lsysDku izksxzke- s sls izksxzke gksrs gSA
tks fdlh MkVk Qkby esa ls gekjh fp ds
fjdkWMZ vyx djus esa lgkd gksrs gSA
fMLd eSustesUV izksxzke amps sls izksxzke gksrs gS
tks fdlh gkMZ fMLd ij Qkbyksa dks bl izdkj
OofLFkr djrs gSA
fMLd QkWjeSfVax frac14Disk Formattingfrac12
ampblds kjk fofHkUu eSeksjh fMLd Fkk paraykWih]
gkMZ fMLd vkfn dks dEIwVj esa izksx ls
igys vkWijsfVax flLVe ds vuqdwy cukus dk
dkZ fdk tkrk gSA
fMLd Dyhu vi frac14Word Clean Upfrac12
ampblls fMLd dh vkqf)kas oa vokafNr
izksxzkeksa dks gVkk tkrk gSA
aVhokjl wfVfyVh frac14Antivirus Utilityfrac12
ampblesa dbZ izdkj ds okjl izksVsDku
lkWparaVosj frac14Virus Protection
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
36
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
18
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Softwarefrac12 dk bLrseky dk dEIwVj dh
gkMZfMLd rFkk mlds izksxzkeksa dh jkk dh
tkrh gSA
Application Software-g os izksxzke gksrs
gSA ftudk izksx wtj vius Daily routineds
dkZ djrk gSA
mnkgjkampWord processing software
Database Software Graphics software
bl izdkj vU dbZ izdkj ds izksxzke wfVfyVh
lkWparaVosj ds Hkkx gks ldrs gSA
lkekU mˆskas ds lkWparaVosj amp
izksxzkekas dk og lewg] ftUgsa wtj viuh
vkodrkuqlkj vius lkekU mˆskas dh iwfrZ ds
fy miksx esa ykrs gSA
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj fuEufyf[kr ks=ksa esa
miksx eas yk tkrs gSA
1 dEIwVj vkkkfjr fMtkbfuax
2 lwpuk lapkj
3 MkVkcsl eSustesaV flLVe
4 xzkfQDl ds izksx
5 kCn lalkku
6 kSfkd izksx
7 Okikfjd izksx
lkekU mˆs ds lkWparaVosj ds mnkgjkamp
LiSzMkhV (Spread Sheet) MkVk csl eSustesaV
flLVe] xzkfQDl lkWparaVosj] kCn lalkku] dksjyMordfks]
isUV] ikoj ikWbUV bRkfnA
Operating System
Operating System- Operating System
is a System Software g d daVordfksy izksxzke
gksrk gSA bldk lafkIr uke OS gSA
dqN egRoiwkZ vkWijsfVax flLVe amp
1- e-l- MkWl MS - DOS (Disc Operating
System) Okid i ls ilZuy dEIwVj esa
LFkkfir ekbOslashkslkWparaV dk izFke vkWijsfVax flLVe
FkkA g (Non graphical) CUI
(command view interface)dekaM ykbu
vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
2- e-l- foMkst (Microsoft Windows) g
ekbOslashkslkWparaV kjk fodflr o xzkfQdy wtj
baVjQsl (GUI- graphical user
interface)vkWijsfVax flLVe gSA
eg windows 95 windows 98 windows XP
windows vista windows 7 windows 8
3- wfuDl(UNIX)g lu~ 1969 esa AT amp T
deZpkfjksa (employees) kjk csy izksxkkyk esa
fodflr vkijsfVax flLVe gSA
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
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bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
19
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Developer - Ken thompson Dennis Ritcnic
Douglos Mcllroy
4- ykbuDl (LINUX)lu~ 1991 esa bldk izFke
laLdjk ykk xk FkkA g wfuDl ds rjg
dEIwVj vkijsfVax flLVe gSA tks ykbuDl djuy
(Linux kernal) ij vkkkfjr gSA
Microsoft windows frac14ekbOslashkslkWparaV foaMkstfrac12
Microsoft windows personal computer ds
fy Microsoft kjk fodflr vkWijsfVax flLVe
gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV ds laLFkkid fcy xsV~l rFkk ikWy
ysu gSA g GUI Graphical user
interface Multi progaming virtual
memorydh lqfokk nsrk gSA
Microsoft Windows dk izFke laLdjk 1-0 20
uoEcj 1985 dks vkk] ftls baVjQsl eSustj ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
eg windows 95 ndash 1995 windows 98 -
(1998) windows ME - (2000) windows
XP - (2004) windows vista - (2007)
windows 7 windows 8 windows 81
windows 10
e-l- foaMkst lacakh kCnkoyhamp
MS windows related points
1- xzkfQDl wtj baVjQsl (GUI-
graphical user interface) GUI wtj
dks bysDVordfksfuDl baLVordfqesaVl ls laokn djuk
miyCk djrk gSA
2- vkbdu(icon) vkbdu NksVk lk xzkfQd
QksVks gSA tks fdlh Hkh izksxzke ds fOslashkUou
dk izfrfufkRo djrk gSA
3- baVjQsl (Interface) g nks dEIwVj
ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk k
rduhd gSA nks usVodksaZ k VfeZuy vkSj
usVodZ ds chp lapkj LFkkfir djus dh lqfokk
dks usVodZ baVjQsl dgrs gSA
4 foMkst MsLdVkWi (Windows
Desktop) dEIwVj ds fLop dks vkWu djus
ds fy dqN le ipkr~ vkidh dEIwVj
LOslashhu fp= ds leku fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls
windows desktop dgrs gSA
g xzkfQdy LOslashhu gS vkSj bl LOslashhu ij
vkidks dqN xzkfQdy flEcy fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
ftUgsa ge vkbdkWu (icons) dgrs gSaA s
vkbdkWu izksxzkeksa dks [kksy ldrs gSA
1- LVkVZ (Start) - Task bar ij ckha vksj
foaMkst dk LVkVZ cVu gksrk gSA g foaMkst
izksxzkeksa dk LVkVZ djus esa lgkrk djrk gSA
2- VkWLd ckj (Task bar) foaMkst esa MsLdVkWi esa
lcls uhps fn[kus okyk ckj VkLd ckj dgykrk
gSA
3- Start menu frac14LVkVZ esUwfrac12 ampVkLdckj ds LVkVZ
cVu ij fDyd djus ij d esUw [kqyrk gS ftls
LVkVZ esUw dgrs gSaA bl esUw esa dbZ vkWIku vkrs
gS amp
1- izksxzke(program) computer esa baLVkYM
(Installed) izksxzkeksa dh lwph gSA
2- QsofjV (Favorite) Book marked oscist dh
lwphA
3- MkDwesaV(Dacuments) lcls orZeku miksx
fds xs nLrkostksadh lwphA
4- lsfVaXl (Settings) flLVe vuqizksx tSls amp
daVordfksy iSuy] fizaVj] VkLdckj rFkk usVodZ dusDku
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
20
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bRkfn dh lwphA daVordfksy iSuy ds kjk fdlh Hkh
gkMZosj k lkWparaVosj dh lsfVaXl dks Hkh ifjorZu
dj ldrs gSA
5- lpZ(Search) foksk Qkby k QksYMlZ dks ltwaltus
ds fyA
6- gSYi(Help) izksxzke lacakh dksbZ Hkh lgkrk izkIr
djus ds fyA
7- ju (Run) fdlh izksxzke dks ju djus ds fy k
fdlh Qkby] QksYMj k nLrkost dks [kksyus ds
fyA
8- ykWx vkWQ (Log off) ikloMZ izksVsDVsM d
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWQ djus rFkk nwljs
miksxdrkZ dks ykWx vkWu djus dh vuqefr nsrk
gSA
9- VuZ vkWQ k ckj Mkmu flLVe can dj nsrk gSA
Title Bar dksbZ Hkh izksxzke k vuqizksx foaMks ds
vUnj ju djrk gSA
esUw ckj (Menu Bar) foaMkst vkijsfVax flLVe
esa gj foaMks dk viuk esUw gksrk gS A VkbVy ckj
ds rqjar uhps esUw ckj gksrk gSA
1- Qkby (File) bl esUw ds vUrxZr Uw] vksiu] lso]
Dykst] rFkk fizaV bRkfn fodYi gksrk gSA
2- fMV(Edit) bl esUw ds vUrxZr vuMw (undo)
dV (cut) dkWih (copy) isLV (paste) rFkk
fDyj (clear)
3- (view) bl esUw ds vUrxZr ukeZy (normal)
fizaV ysvkmV (print layout)] gsMjampQqVj
(header-footer) bRkfnA
4- gsYi(Help) bl esUw ds varxZr lgkd tkudkjh
k miksxh V~wVksfjy (Tutorial) gksrs gSaA
foaMkstExplorer foaMkst DlIyksjj ds kjk vki
vius dEIwVj flLVe dh fofHkUu Mordfkboksa vkSj
QksYMjksa esa ekStwn fofHkUu Qkbyksa vkSj izksxzkeksa dks
ns[k ldrs gSa vkSj mudk mfpr izcaku dj ldrs
gSaA
foaMkst ds vUrxZr miksxh izksxzke (Useful
Program inside windows) amp
1- uksViSM(Notepad) lkkkjk VsDLV fMVj Click
gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
Notepad
2- oMZ iSM (Wordpad) nwljk oMZ izkslsl gSA
Click gt start gt program gt Accessories gt
wordpad
3- isaV(paint) fp= dk izksx k cukukA Click gt
start gt program gt Accessories gt paint
4- dSysdqysVj(Calculator) xkuk ds fyA
Clickgt start gt program gt Accessories
gtcalculator
5- Qksu Mkyj (Phone Dialer) dEIwVj dks Qksu
dh rjg izksx djukA eksMse dks baLVky ds lkFk
VsyhQsku ykbu ds lkFk tksM+ukA Click gt start
gt program gt Accessories gt com
6Clip board frac14fDyi cksMZfrac12 blds kjk fdlh lwpuk
dks d txg ls nwljh txg dkWih k ewo dj
ldrs gSa rFkk isLV djus ij dV ds ckn VsDLV dks
fDyicksMZ esa j[kk tkrk gS rc isLV dh izfOslashk
gksrh gSA
21
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
21
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izksxzkfex HkkkkW
Programming Language
dEIwVj d bysDVordfkWfud ekhu gS tks wtj kjk iznku
dh lkekU Hkkkk dks ugh legt ldrk gSA blds fy
fofHkUu izdkj dh izksxzkfexa Hkkkk dk tjr gksrh gSA
gj izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dh viuh Okdjk gksrh gSA
izksxzkfeax Hkkkk ds izdkj amp
1- Low level language frac14fuEu Lrjh Hkkkkafrac12
slh HkkkkW ftudk izksx dEIwVj esa fys fdlh dkZ
dks dj ldrs gSA s HkkkkW dEIwVj kjk legth tkus
okyh HkkkkW gksrh gSA
(a) ekhu Hkkkk amp
g d slh Hkkkk gksrh gSA tks fdlh Hkh dEIwVj kjk
flks legth tk ldrh gSA bl Hkkkk dks izksx djuk
fdlh wtj ds fy cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(b) vlsEcrh HkkkkW frac14Assemly languagefrac12
vlsEcrh HkkkkW iwjh rjg ekhuh Hkkkkvksa ij vkkkfjr
gksrh gSA ijUrq blesa ckbujh la[k vks Vksj ds
LFkku ij dqN kCnksa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA ftUgsa
MNEMONICSdgk tkrk gSA
2 mPp Lrjh HkkkkW frac14high level languagefrac12
izksxzkfeax HkkkkW dEIwVj dh vkUrfjd dkZizkkyh ij
vkkkfjr ugha gksrh gSSSSSS SS SS S SS SS S SS SS S SA budk izksx wtj kjk fdlh
izksxzke dks cukdj dkZ dks djus ds fy fdk tkrk
gSA
bu Hkkkkvksa esa fofHkUu izdkj ds vaxzsth kCn vkSj
xfkfr QaDkuksa dk izksx gksrk gSA mPPk Lrjh Hkkkk
esa fy[ks izksxzke dEIwVj ugha legt ldrk gSA blfy
gesa d language traalator dh tjr gksrh gSA
tSls dEikbyj d ckj esa gh iwjs izksxzke dk vuqokn
ekhu Hkkkk esa dj nsrk gSA tcfd baVj fizaVj ykbZu
by ykbu djrk gSA
izeq[k mPp Lrjh HkkkkW amp
1- QksjVordfku bldk iwjk uke Formula Pranslation gSA bldk izksx tfVy xkukvksa dks djus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSA blfy bls oSKkfud vkSj bUthfujksa
kjk izksx esa fy[kk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1957 esa vkbZ-ch-e- vesfjdk
esa tkWu cSld kjk fdk xk FkkA
2- ALGOL frac14vYxksyfrac12
bldk iwjk uke Algorithmic language gSA bldk
vkfodkj eq[r tfVy chtxfkr xkukvksa gsrq fdk
tkrk gSA bl Hkkkk dk izksx bUthfufjax vkSj
oSKkfudksa kjk fdk tkrk gSA
bl Hkkkk dk fodkl lu~ 1958 bUVjuskuy dEiuh us
fdk FkkA
3- dksCkkWy frac14COBOLfrac12
bldk iwjk uke common Business oneted
language gSA bldk izksx commrcial
Application saizksxze fy[kus ds fys izksx esa fyk
tkr gSA
22
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4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
22
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
4- yksxks frac14LOGOfrac12amp
bldk iwjk uke logic oriented language gSA
bl Hkkkk dk izksx cPpksa ds fy izksx fdk xk gSA
5- ikLdy frac14PASSALfrac12ampbldk fodkl lu~ 1975 esa izks
fudykWl fodZ us fdk FkkA bl izksxzkfeax Hkkkk dkuke
sysl ikLdy ds uke ij j[kk xk gSA bldk izksx
fofHkUu izdkj ds dkkZsa ds fys fdk tkrk gSA
6- csfld frac14BASSICfrac12ampbldk iwjk uke Beignners
all Purpose symbolic Instnsction code gSA bldk izksx gj izdkj ds dEIwVj ds fy gksrk gSA
bldk fodkl lu~ 1964 esa MkVZ ekMy dkWyst vesfjdk
ds ikel dqVZt rFkk MkW tkWu dsesuh us fdk FkkA
7- izksykWx frac14PROLOGfrac12ampamp bldk iwjk uke
Programming Logic gSA bl Hkkkk dk fodkl
1973 bZ- eas Yacutekal eas d`f=e cqf) lEcfUkr dkksaZ dks
djus ds fy fdk xk FkkA
8- lh frac14C) amp g izksxzkfea dh lcls vkkqfud Hkkkk gSA
ftldk fodkl AampT LAB esa Msful] fVph us lu~
1972 esa fdk FkkA bl Hkkkk dk izksx djds tfVy ls
tfVy izksxzke dk ljy Hkkkk esa fy[kus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSA
9- C++ bldk fodkl 1980 esa ckUuZ LVordfkLVordfk kjk
vesfjdk dh csay ycksjsVjh esa gqvk Fkk g d object
orientieal Programmig language gSA ftldk
izksx wtj bUVjQsl ij vkkkfjr izksxzke dks fy[kus ds
fy fdk tkrk gSaA
COMPUTER NETWORK
dEIwVj usVodZ dh ifjHkkkk
dEIwVj usVodZ nks k nks ls vfkd dEIwVj ds chp
d slk MtsLVesaV frac14lkeatLfrac12 gksrk gS ftlds kjk os
vkil esa MkVk o bUQkesZlu dk vknku iznku djrs gSA
Hkkjr dk jkVordfh lwpuk usVodZ amp
1 NICNET - Hkkjr ds jkVordfh lwpuk foKku
dsUnz frac14National Informatics
Centrefrac12 us mixzg ij vkkkfjr ^fudusV
uked jkVordfOkih dEIwVj lapkj usVodZ
LFkkfir fdk gSA
2 ERNET -fkkk oa vuqlakku usVodZ
frac14Educational amp Research
Networkfrac12 dk lafkIr i gh jusV gSA
g nsk dh eq[ fkkk laLFkkvkas rFkk
vuqlakku dsUnzksa dks tksM+rk gSA
3 INFLIBNET- g foofo|ky vuqnku
vkksx frac14UGCfrac12 kjk kq fdk xk
foofo|kykas vkSj dkWystksa ds fy bUQkWesZku
vkSj ykbczsjh usVodZ gSA
4 BITSNET -g Hkkjr ljdkj ds
ckksVsDuksykWth foHkkx kjk fufeZr
ckWksVsDuksykWth bUQkWesZku flLVe usVodZ gSA
5 RABMNETfrac14fjeksV fjk fctusl eslst
usVodZfrac12 amp g C-DOT kjk kq fdk xk
usVodZ gSA
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ ds izdkj
lfoZl ds vkkkj ij usVodZ nks izdkj ds gksrs gSamp
1 ihj Vw ihj
2 loZj lsfVordfd
ihj Vw ihj ampihj Vw ihj usVodZ d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftlesa fufpr i ls u rks dksbZ dEIwVj loZj
gksrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ dEIwVj DykbaV ysfdu
vkodrk ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVj loZj Hkh cu
ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh dEIwVjDykbaVA bls legtus ds
23
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fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
24
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oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
23
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
fy gesa loZj DykbaV vkSj ihj dks Hkh legtuk iM+sxk
amp
loZj(SERVER) -loZj ml dEIwVj dks dgk tkrk
gS tks usVodZ esa vU dEIwVj dks dkbZ MkVk bUQkesZlu
k lfoZl iznku djrk gSA
DykbaV frac14CLIENTfrac12ampDykbaV og dEIwVj gksrk gS u
rks loZj gksrk gS vkSj u DykbaV ij tjr ds le
g loZj dh rjg Hkh dkZ dj ldrk gS vkSj DykbaV
dh rjg HkhA
usVodZ lfoZl ds izdkj (TYPES OF
NETWORK SERVICES)
usVodZ esa dEIwVj ds fofHkUu fjlkslZsl tSls gkMZampfMLd]
lhMhampMordfkbo] fizaVj vkfn dks ksj djus ds fy usVodZ
lfoZl gh ftEesnkj gksrh gSA
usVodZ esa izksx gksus okyh izeq[k lfoZlsl fuEu gSa amp
1 Qkby lfoZl
2 fizaV lfoZl
3 eSslst lfoZl
4 MkVkcsl lfoZl Iyhdsku lfoZl
usVodZ lfoZl (NETWORK SERVICE)
usVodZ ds dEIwVj lfoZl ysrs Hkh gS vkSj lfoZl nsrs Hkh
gSA bl vkkkj ij usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks nks
Hkkxksa eas ckaVk tkrk gSamp
1 lfoZl izksokbMj
2 lfoZl fjdqLVj
lfoZl izksokbMjamplfoZl izksokbMj os dEIwVj gksrs gS tks
usVodZ eas mifLFkr dEIwVj dks viuh fofHkUu lfoZlsl
iznku djrs gSA bl ge loZj Hkh dgrs gSA
lfoZl fjdqLVj amplfoZl fjdqLVj os dEIwVj gksrs gSA
tks usVodZ esa mifLFkfr fdlh vkSj dEIwVj ls fofHkUu
izdkj dh lfoZlsl ysrs gSA bls ge DykbaV Hkh dgrs gSA
izksVksdkWy(PROTOCOL)
izksVksdkWy sls fueksa dk lewg gksrk gSA ftlds kjk
g fukkZfjr gksrk gS fd fdl izdkj d fMokbl k
dEIwVj dk MkVk o bUQkesZku nqljs fMokbl k
dEIwVj eas VordfkalfeV gksA
dqN izksVksdkWy fuEufyf[kr gSA
1 Q Vh ih frac14Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
2 l e Vh ih frac14flEiy esy VordfkalQj izksVksdkWyfrac12
3 p Vh Vh ih frac14gkbij VsDLV VordfkalQj
izksVksdkWyfrac12
4 Vh lh ih frac14Vordfkalfeku dVordfksy izksVksdkWyfrac12
5 vkbZ ih frac14bUVjusV izksVksdkWyfrac12
vkfnA
dEIwVj usVodZ ds izdkj frac14TYPES OF
COMPUTER NETWORKfrac12
dEIwVj usVodZ dks ge nwjh ds vkkkj ij ge eq[
rhu izdkjksa esa ckiexclV ldrs gSaamp
1 ySu
2 eSu
3 oSu
ySu frac14yksdu fjk usVodZfrac12 amp ySu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks de nwjh esa QSyk gqvk gksrk gS tSls fdlh
kj eas j[ks nks dEIwVj ds chp dk usVodZ] fdlh
vkWfQl ds dqN dEIwVj dk usVodZ k fdlh fcfYMax
esa QSyk gqvk usVodZA
eSufrac14esVordfks iksyhfVu fjk usVodZfrac12amp eSu d slk usVodZ
gksrk gS tks nks k nks ls kgjksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks
ldrk gSA
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oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
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ls tkuk tkrk gSA
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VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
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tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
24
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
oSu frac14okbM fjk usVodZfrac12 amp oSu usVodZ slk usVodZ
gksrk gS ftldh dksbZ lhek fufpr ugha gksrh gSA g
nks k nks ls vfkd nskksa ds chp QSyk gqvk gks ldrk
gSA bldk lcls cM+k mnkgjk bUVjusV gS bl izdkj ds
usVodZ dk izksx cM+h daiuh ds kjk fdk tkrk gSA
lapkj dh fofkkiexcl frac14Methods of
Communicationfrac12 amp
frac14ifrac12 flEIysDl fofkfrac14Simplex Methodfrac12ampblesa
MkVk o lwpukvksa dks dsoy d gh fnkk
vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdŸkkZ dh vkSj lapkfjr
fdk tkrk gS] ij blesa lwpuk o MkVk dk
izkIr gksuk lqfufpr ugha gksrk gSA tSlsampjsfMkas
k Vh-oh- dk izlkjkA
frac14iifrac12 v)ZMIysDl fofk
frac14Half Duplex Methodfrac12 ampblesa lwpukvkas
dks nksukas fnkkvksa eas lapkfjr fdk tk ldrk
gS vFkkZr~ izskd ls izkIrdrkZ dh vksj vkSj
izkIrdŸkkZ ls izskd dh vksj ysfdu blls d
ckj eas d gh fnkk es lwpukiexcl lapkfjr dh
tk ldrh gSA tSlsampVsyhQksu ij okrkZykiA
frac14iiifrac12 iwkZ MqIysDl fofk
frac14Full Duplex Method)ampblesa lwpuk rFkk
MkVk dks d lkFk nksukas fnkkvkas esa laizsfkr
fdk tk ldrk gS vkSj izkIr fdk tk ldrk
gSA bleas lwpuk rRdky izkIr gksrh gSA
usVodZ VksiksykWth frac14Network Topologyfrac12ampg
usVodZ ds fofHkUu uksV k VfeZuYl dks vkil eas tksM+us
dk rjhdk gS tks usVodZ dh HkkSfrd lajpuk cukrk gS]
g fuEu izdkj dk gks ldrk gS amp
i LVkj VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa d dsUnzh
uksM gksrk gS tks baVsyhtasl ls qDr gksrk gSA
ckdh uksM~l blls tqM+k gksrk gSA bl dsUnzh
uksM dks gc dgk tkrk gSA dksbZ d dscy esa
dksbZ leLk vkus ij uksM foQy gksrk gS ijUrq
gc esa dksbZ leLk vkus ij lkjk usVodZ foQy
gks tkrk gSA
ii cl VksiksykWth frac14LANesa izqDr gksrk gSfrac12 ampbl
usVodZ ds lHkh uksM d gh dscy ls tqM+s gksrs
gSA
iii fjax VksiksykWthamp bl usVodZ esa lHkh usM~l esa
baVsyhtsal gksrk gSA bldk Loi fjax frac14xksysfrac12 ds
lkeku gksus ds dkjk bls fjax usVodZ ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA
iv Vordfh VksiksykWth frac14esl usVodZfrac12amp g usVodZ mPp
VordfsfQd fLFkfr eas ekxZ dks ku eas j[kdj
miksx fdk tkrk gSA
OSI ekWMy
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
blsISO- International Organization for
Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
lkWparaVosj okys flLVeksad dks vkil esa lEc) djus ds
fy cukk gSA viuh
ysj la[k 7 k Iyhdsku ysj frac14Layer 7
Application Layerfrac12 ampg ysjj vfUre
miksxdrkZ ds lcls fudV gksrh gS bldk vFkZ g
gqvk fd g ysj vkSj wtj nksukas lkWparaVosj Iyhdsku
ds eke ls lhks lEidZ djrs gSa vkSj ysj lkWparaVosj
ls laokn dj Qkby gLrkUrjk] Qkby ksfjax vkfn
lsokiexcl nsrh gS]
ysj la[k 6 k izstsaVsku ysj frac14Layer 6
or Presentation Layarfrac12 ampbls flaVsDl
ysj Hkh dgrs gSA g vkWijsfVax flLVe dk
d fgLlk gksrh gS] tks vkus vkSj tkus okys
MsVk dh izLrqfr d QkeZsV ls nwljs eas cnyrh
gSA
ysj la[k 5 k lsku ysj frac14Layer 5 or
Session Layerfrac12ampIyhdskukas ds nksukas
fljksa ij ckrphr vnyampcny vkSj laokn
vkfn dh lsfVax] leUo] vkSj mls lekIr
djus dk dke bl ysj esa gksrk gSA
ysj la[k 4 k VordfkaliksVZ ysj frac14Layer 4
or Transport Layerfrac12 ampg ysj wtj
izfOslashkvkas eslSt iSdsVksa dks bdB~Bk vkSj vyx
djus jj fjdojh vkSj parayks dUVordfksy ds chp
MsVk ds fooluh vkSj LiV gLrkUrjk dk
dke djrh gS
ysj la[k 3 k usVodZ ysj frac14Layer 3
or Network Layerfrac12 ampd k vfkd
usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
LFkku rd MsVk dh fofHkUu yEckbZ dh Ja[kyk
Hkstus ds fy izfOslashkxr vkSj dkZdkjh
okrkojk miyCk djus dk dke bl ysj ds
ftEes gS]
ysj la[k 2 k MsVk fyad ysj frac14Layer 2
or Data Link Layerfrac12 ampusVodZ ysj ls
feys vkxzgksa dk mŸkj nsrh gSA g ysj mUgas
fQftdy ysj ds ikl Hkstrh gSA
ysj la[k 1 k fQftdy ysj frac14Layer 1
or Physical Layerfrac12 ampg d slh
gkMZosj ysj gS tks midjkksa vkSj lEizskk ds
chp dusDku dh eSdsfudy vkSj
bysDVordfksampeSXusfVd fokskrkvkas dks crkrh gS]
fokskdj g d midjk vkSj fQftdy
eke ds chp lEcUk dks nkkZrh gS]
bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
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(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
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(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
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lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
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rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
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to 400gksrk gSaA
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gSaA
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gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
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dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
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dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
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vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
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d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
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blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
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dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
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dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
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tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
25
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
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Standardization us vyxampvyx gkMZosj vkSj
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usVoDlZ ds eke ls d LFkku ls nwljs
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bUVjusV dk TPCIP
bUVjusV eas nwjlapkj izksVksdkWy dh izkkyh
viukh tkrh gSA TCPIP dk izksx
26
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
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laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
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27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
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Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
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2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
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4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
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osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
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bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
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dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
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miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
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2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
36
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
26
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bUVjusV oa lHkh bUVordfkusV oa DLVordfkusV kjk
fdk tkrk gSaA vusd dEifukiexcl oa laxBu
vius DykbUVloZj usVodZ dks TCPIP esa
ifjofrZr dj jgsa gSaA
TCPIP ds ikap Lrj ftUgas vkdfr esa
fn[kkk xk gS] fuEukafdr gSa
Iyhdsku vFkok izfOslashk Lrj
gksLVampVwampgksLV ifjogu Lrj
bUVjusV izksVksdkWy
usVodZ bUVjQsl
HkkSfrd Lrj
इनटरनट
bUVjusV gtkjkas yk[kksa Lora= usVodksaZ dk slk laqDr
usVodZ gS ftlesa izRsd usVodZ d sls eke ls tqM+k
gksrk gS] ftldh lgkrk ls g vU usVodZ ls
lwpukvkas dk vknku iznku djrk gSA
ubZ fnYyh fLFkr uskuy buQksjesku lsUVj frac14NICfrac12
Hkkjr esa bUVjusV dusDku izksx djus okyk izFke
laLFkku FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj ds miOslashe VSNL fonsk
lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM us 15 vxLr 1995 esa Oolkfd
i ls izFke bUVjusV lsok iznku dhA
izksVksdkWyamp bUVjusV ij lwpukvksa oa vkadM+ksa ds
vknkuampiznku dk d flLVe gS ftls izksVksdkWy dgk
tkrk gSA orZeku esa frac14TCP=Transmission
Contral Protocolfrac12 oa frac14IP= Internet
Protocolfrac12 izpfyr izksVksdksy gSA
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
27
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Mksesx usse bUVjusV ls tqM+s izRsd dEIwVj dk d
Mksesu use gksrk gS tsls wwwyahoocom g
okLro esa dEIwVj dk Mordfsl gksrk gSA ftlds eke ls
ml dEIwVj ls tqMk tk ldrk gSA bls DNS kfu
frac14Domain Name System dgrs gSA g nks Hkkxksa
eas foHkDr gksrk gS] bu nksuks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gksrk gS]
bu nksuks Hkkxksas dks vyxampvyx djus ds fy fcUnq frac14 frac12
dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
IP Address eq[r rhu izdkj ds gksrs gSA ftUgsa
Class A Class B rFkk Class C esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA IP Address la[kvksa eas gksrk gSA ftls ISP
loZj bls IP Address esa ifjofrZr dj nsrk gSA IP
Address esa 0 ls 255 rd dh dksbZ Hkh la[k gks
ldrh gSA tSlsamp196-6-201-10 vkfnA
Hkkjr esa izeq[k ISP (Internet Service
Providers)
1 VSNL- fonsk lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
2 BSNL-Hkkjr lapkj fuxe fyfeVsM
3 Satyam Online
4 DATA INFOSYS
DNS d izdkj ds cMs dEIwjVlZ dks dgk tk ldrk
gSA ftudk dkZ bUVjusV ds IP Address dh
tkudkjh j[kuk gSA bls eq[rk 8 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk
gSA
1 com k Oolkfd laxBuksa ds fy fjtoZ
gSA
2 edu kSkfkd laLFkkukas ds fy
3 mil vefjdh luh laLFkkvkas ds fy
4 gov xouZesUV ds fy
5 org vksjxsukbtsku ds fy
6 net usVodZ laLFkkvkas ds fy
7 int vUrjkZVordfh laxBukas ds fy
8 in uk s izRsd nsk ds fy vyx vyx
gksrk gSA in bfUMk uk fczVsu ds fy
vkfnA
gkse istamposclkbV dk eq[ i`B tks fd osclkbV
open djrs oDr loZizFke [kqyrk gS rFkk bl ij
lwpuk dh gSfMax fy[kh gksrh gSA rFkk mlls vU ist
gkbijfyad ds eke ls tqMs+ jgrs gS] gkse ist dgykrk
gSA
HTML- gkbij VsDLV ekdZvi ysXosat bldh enn ls
osc istksa dks fMtkbu fdk tkrk gSA vktdy JAVA
Hkkkk dk izksx Hkh osclkbV MoyiesaV ds fy gksrk gSA
E-mail (Electronic Mail)
besy dEIwVj ds kjk Hksth tk ldus okyh bysDVordfksfud
Mkd lsok dk lafkIr i gSA loZizFke bZampesy lsok
wwwhotmailcom us kq dhA bls d Hkkjrh
lchj HkkfVk us fodflr fdk Fkk ftls ckn eas
ekbOslashkslksparaV us [kjhn fykA
E-mail Address - izRsd bUVjusV lkbV tks fd
bZampesy lqfokk iznku djrh gS] izRsd wtj dks d
Mordfsl nsrh gSA ftlesa wtj dk uke rFkk lkbV dk uke
gksrk gS bZesy Mordfsl dgykrk gSA tSls
dubeyharmsahotmailcom gka
dubeydharma wtj use gS rFkk
hotmailcom lkbV dk uke bu nksuks dks
vyxampvyx djus ds fy frac14V n jsVfrac12 fpUg dk
miksx gksrk gSA
Mail Box- izRsd lkbV tks bZampesy Mordfsl nsrh gS
og viuh osc lkbV eas dqN kb k mb dk Lisl bl
wtj ds fy fjtoZ djrh gS bls esy cksDl dgrs gSA
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
28
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
rFkk gh ls og fdlh vU dks Mkd compose
djds Hkstrk gSA fuEu dqN osc lkbV besa Yacuteh bZampesy
iznku djrh gSA
1 wwwhotmailcom
2 www yahoocom
3 wwwrediffmailcom
4 wwwsifycom
5 wwwwebduniyacom frac14fgUnh esa
miyCkfrac12 vkfnA
bUVjusV dh lsoksa amp
lkekUr bUVjusV izksDrk dsoy oYMZampokbMamposc
dks gh bUVjusV dk d ek= lalkku legtrk gSA
bUVjusV lfQZax vkt bUVjusV ds egRo ds dkjk cgqr
vfkd la[k eas bUVjusV osc lkbVks dk fuekZk gks pqdk
gSA
search batu amp vla[ i`Bksa dh lkexzh esa ls
vkidh eupkgh lkexzh k fok oLrq okyk iB ltwaltdj
lkeus ys vkus tSls dkZ dks iyHkj esa esa dj nsus dk
dkZ bUVjusV ds lpZ bUtu kjk fdk tkrk gSA
LikbMj ampLikbMj sls izksxzke gS ftUgsa MsVkcsl esa lwph
c) osc ist dh ns[kjs[k ds fy fufeZr fdk xk gSA
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) dks gh
LVksj fdk tkrk gSA cfYd mudh vkofŸk vkfn dks Hkh
LVksj dj fyk tkrk gS vkSj blh ds vkkkj ij batu
bu kCnksa dks egRo iznku djds ifjkke lwph eas mUgas
ofjrk ls LFkku iznku djrk gSA
izeq[k lpZ batuampwwwmsncom
wwwgooglecom wwwyahoocom
wwwgooglecom wwwdirecthitcom
wwwindianwebsiteescom
wwwrediffcom www123indiacom
czkmljampsls lksparaVosj tks osc lkbV dks ltwltus esa dke
vkrs gS czkmlj dgykrs gSA izeq[k czkmlj gS
ekbOslashkslksparaV bUVjusV DlIyksjj] usVLdsi usohxsVj
vkfnA
World Wide Web (www) vkt tc OfDr
baVjusV ljfQaax dh ckr djrk gS rks bldk vFkZ og
gksrk gS fd og Xyksc frac14oYMZfrac12 Hkj esa fLFkr eYVhehMhk
gkbij fyax MsVk csl ls Hkjh gqbZ lkbV~l dks pSd
djusxk rks bu lkbV~l dks lEiwkZ tky dks tgka fd
vkt dy izfrfeuV d ubZ osc lkbV mHkj dj vk
tkrh gSA www dgk tkrk gSA
Internet Explorer- g d xzkfQd] osc czkmlj
gSA g d lksparaVosj gS tks geas bUVjusV izksx djus
dk IysV QkeZ miyCk djokrk gS g gesa bUVjusV ls
lEidZ LFkkfir djus eas enn djrk
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy amp
Qkby VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy dk miksx d dEIwVj
usV odZ ls fdlh nwljs dEIwVj usVodZ esa Qkbyksa dks
VordfkalQj frac14Hkstusfrac12 djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
xksQj amp
xksQj dk vkfodkj vesfjdk ds fefulksVk uked
foofo|ky esa gqvk FkkA g d wtj YacutesMyh bUVj
Qsl gSA ftlds eke ls wtj bUVjusV ij izksxzke
rFkk lwpukvksa dk vknkuampiznku dj ldrk gSA
VsyusV amp
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
29
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
MkVk ds gLrkUrjk ds fy VsyusV dk izksx fd
tkrk gSA bl izksVksdkWy ds kjk wtj dks fjeksV
dEIwVj ls tksM+k tkrk gSA
wtusV amp
fofHkUu izdkj dh lwpukvkas dks d= djus ds fy
buVjusV ds usVodZ wtusV dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bl usVodZ ds eke ls dksbZ Hkh wtj fofHkUu lewgksa
ls vius fy vkod lwpukas d= dj ldrk gSA
oSjksfudk amp
oSjksfudk izksVksdkWy] xksQj ds eke ls dkZ
djrk gSA wtj xksQj rFkk osjksfudk dk d lkFk
izksx djds fdlh Hkh MkVk csl rd vklkuh ls igqapk
tk ldrk gSA
vkphZ amp
Qkby VordfklaQj izksVksdkWy frac14FTPfrac12 esa LVksj Qkbyksa
dks [kkstus ds fy vkphZ dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
bUVjusV ls lEcfUkr kCnkoyh amp
izksVksdkWy frac14Protocolfrac12amp g d slh ekud vkSj
vkSipkfjd izfOslashk gSA ftlds eke ls dEIwVjkas rFkk
latkyksa frac14usVodksZfrac12 esa vadh lapkj fdk tkrk gSA
czkmtj frac14Browserfrac12amp g d slk lkWparaVosj gSA
ftldh lgkrk ls wtj lwpukvksa dks izkIr djus ds
fy bUVjusV esa izosk djrk gSA
oscloZj ampg izksxzke] osc czkmtj ds kjk lalkkukas dks
izkIr djus ds fy wtj kjk fns xs vuqjksk dks iwjk
djrk gSA osc loZj kjk osc czkmtj esa mifLFkr fdlh
izksxzke dk fOslashkfUor fdk tk ldrk gSA
usVodZampfofHkUu dEIwVjkas dks d lkFk tksMdj cuks
xs latky dks usVodZ dgrs gSA blds kjk d lkFk
dbZ txgksa ij lwpukvkas dk vknkuampiznku djuk lEHko
gSA
vkWu ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV ij tkudkfjk rFkk
lsokvksa dk vu djrk gSA rc dgk tkrk gS fd og
wtj vkWu ykbu gSA
gkWe ist ampg fdlh Hkh lkbV dk izkjfEHkd iznfkZr
gksus okyk ist gksrk gSA ftlesa lwpukas gkbijfyad kjk
tqMh jgrh gSA
vkWQ ykbuamptc wtj bUVjusV esa mifLFkr lwpukvkas
dks viusampvius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djds bUVjusV ls
lEidZ dkV nsrk gSA rRipkr Hkh og lwpukvkas dk
vu djrk jgrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV ekdZvi ysaXost ampbldk lafkIr i
HTML gSA ftldk izksx oscampist cukus ds fy
fdk tkrk izkjEHk esa oscampfMtkbfuax HTML ds kjk
gh dh tkrh FkhA HTML d izdkj ds udksfMax
Ldhe dh rjg dkZ djrk gSA ftldk izksx nLrkost
rSkj djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
gkbZij VsDLV VordfkalQj izksVksdkWy ampbldk lafkIr i
HTTP gSA bldk izksx HTML esa laxzfgr
nLrkostksa rFkk nwljs osc lalkkukas dks LFkkukUrfjr djus
ds fy fdk tkrk gSA
30
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
djus ds fy dsoy rF dk gh uke fy[kk tkrk gSA
vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Vh-lh-ih-vkb-ih- frac14TCPIPfrac12 ampbldk iwjk uke
frac14Transmission Control ProtocolInternet
Protocolfrac12 gSA bldk izksx lwpukvkas ds
vknkuampiznku djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA s sls
izksVksdkWy gS] ftuds eke ls vla[ dEIwVjksa ds e
lEidZ LFkkfir gksrk gSA
wfuQkeZ fjlkslZ yksdsVj ampbldk lafkIr i URL
gSA bldk izksx osc ij fdlh foksk lwpuk dks
lapkfyr djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSA URL eas d
foksk izdkj dk sMordfsl dksM izksx eas ykk tkrk gSA
ftls Mksesu sMordfsl dksM dgrs gS tSls
httpwwwgmailcommial bleas Gmail
bldk Mordfsl dksM dgykrk gSA
osc istampgkse ist ij cus gkbijfyad dks fDyd djus
ij tks ist gekjs lek izLrqr gksrk gSA mls osc ist
dgrs gSA osc ist esa Hkh lwpukvkas dh gkbZykbV djusd
ds fy gkbijfyad dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
osc lkbV amposc istksa ds lewg dks osc lkbV dgk tkrk
gSA ftleas fp=ksa] ofu] VSDLV bRkfn dk lekosk gksrk
gSA blesa fdlh Hkh egRoiwkZ rF dh tkudkjh izkIr
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vkSj wtj ds lek mls rF ls lEcfUkr tkudkjhka
izLrqr gks tkrh gSA
gkbijfyad amposc ist eas mifLFkr og foksk kCn k
fp=] ftl ij fDyd djus ij ml kCn k fp=
lEcfUkr lwpukas d vyx osc ist ij vk tkrh gSA
mls osc ist dk gkbijfyad dgk tkrk gSA vFkkZr d
osc ist ij fdlh vU osc ist dks lekfgr djuk]
gkbijfyad dgykrk gSA
MkmuyksM ampbUVjusV k fdlh vU dEIwVj ls izkIr
lwpukvksa dks vius dEIwVj eas laxzfgr djus dh fOslashk
dks MkmuyksM dgrs gSA bUVjusV ds eke ls gj jkst
djksMks esxk ckbV dh lwpuksa MkmuyksM dh tkrh gSA
viampyksMampvius dEIwVj ls fdlh Hkh vU dEIwVj eas
lwpukvksa dks Hkstuk] viampyksM djuk dgykrk gSA
mnkgjk ds fyamptc vki vius fe= k fjrsnkj dks
dksbZ lwpuk Hkstus ds fy bZampesy djrs gSA k fdlh
dEiuh eas ckksMkVk Hkstrs gSA rks mls viampyksM djuk
dgrs gSA
loZj(Serverfrac12 ampog dEIwVj tks bUVjusV dk
bLrseky djus okykas dk vFkkZr~ wtj dks lwpukas iznku
djus dh kerk j[krk gSA loZj dgykrk gSA
lfQZxfrac14Surfingfrac12amp bUVjusV ds usVodksaZ esa egRoiwkZ
lwpukvkas dks [kkstuk fofHkUu lkbVksa ij Hkzek djuk
lfQZx dgykrk gSA
usVodZ baVjQsl dkMZ ampg d gkMZosj fMokbl gS tks
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ls tksM+dj MkVk dk vknkuampiznku
laHko cukrk gSA
okjysl yksdy ywi frac14WLLfrac12 ampg d LFkkuh csrkj
rduhd gS ftlesa ofu ds lkFk baVjusV rFkk rhoz xfr
ls MkVk dk vknkuampiznku laHko gksrk gSA
okbZampQkbZ frac14Wifi-Wireless Fidelityfrac12 ampg
fofHkUu bysDVordfkWfud lapkj midjkksa ds chp fcuk rkj
ds laidZ LFkkfir djus dh OoLFkk gS ftlls MkVk dk
vknku ampiznku laHko gks ldsA blds kjk eksckby k
dEIwVj dks usVodZ ds lhek dk Hkhrj baVjusV ls tksM+k
tk ldrk gSA
31
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
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bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
31
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okbZ eSDl frac14Wi Max -World
Interoperability for Microwave Accessfrac12
ampg yach nwjh rd ekbOslashksoso fyad ds tfj MkVk dk
lapjk laHko cukrk gSA g czkWMcSUM eas baVjusV rFkk
vU lqfokkiexcl iznku djrk gSA g 3-3 ls 3-4 GHz ds
chp dkZ djrk gSA
IP Address ampusVodZ eas loZj vkSj mlls tqM+s izRsd
uksM dks d igpku dksM fnk tkrk gS tks baVjusV
izksVksokdWky frac14IPfrac12 Mordfsl dgykrk gSA
Dynamic IP Address- gekjs Network kjk
gekjs fdlh Device dks Provide fdk xk s IP
Address Number rHkh rd gekjs fMokbl dks
Refer djrk gS] tc rd ge usV ls dusDV jgrs gSA
tSls gh ge usV ls Disconnect gksrs gS] gesa Allot
fdk xk IP Number fdlh vU fMokbl dks
Provide fdk tk ldrk gSA
xsVos frac14Gatewayfrac12 ampbaVjusV ls dbZ usVodZ vkil esa
tqM+s gksrs gSA xsVos ml dEIwVj dks dgrs gS] tks nks
fHkUu ampfHkUu usVodksZa ls tqMs+ dEIwVj ls tqM+k jgrk gSA
fMftVy lClOslashkbcj ykbu frac14DSL-Digital
Subscriber linefrac12 ampblds varxZr dEIwVj dks
VsyhQksu ds lkekU rkacs ds rkj kjk VsyhQksu
Dlpast ls tksM+ fnk tkrk gS vkSj blds lkFk Mh-lh-
y- ekWMse tksM+us ls dEIwVj ij pkSchlksa kaVs baVjusV
lqfokk gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA
ISD frac14Integrated Services Digital
Networkfrac12 ampg vadh latky dh dhd`r lsok gS
ftleas d gh jkLrs ls ofu] n` vkSj vadh k
fyfic) lwpoukvksa dks lEizsfkr djus dh kerk gksrh
gSA bleas MkVk] ohfMksa vkSj ofu dk d lkFk izlkjk
laHko gSA ISDN ds varxZr fMftVy lwpuk dks
lkekU VsyhQksu usVodZ ij 128 dschihl dh jpararkj
ls izsfkr fdk tk ldrk gSA
HTML frac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
ampbldk izksx osc ist cukus esa fdk tkrk gS bldh
lgkrk ls osc czkmtj nLrkost dks nkkZrk gSA
HTMLfrac14Hyper Text Markup Languagefrac12
Web Pages dh ewy Hkkkk gSA Internet ij vkt
ftruh Hkh Websites gS] os lHkh Web Sites
HTML Pages dk Collection ek= gS] ftuesa
HTML Elements dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA
HTML ds bu Elements dks gh Markup Hkh
dgrs gS] Dksafd s Elements Web Page ds
fofHkUu izdkj ds Contents dks fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
Web Browser eas Render gksus ds fy Mark
djrs gS vkSj Web Browser dks bl ckr dk
Indication djrs gSa] fd Web Browser eas fdl
Content dks fdl txg ij vkSj fdl rjg ls
Render djrk gSA
s d Markup Language gS tks fd iwjh rjg ls
Content k Text ds Organizaiton ls lacafkr
gSA
parayse frac14Flamefrac12 ampbaVjusV ij izsfkr k fyf[kr
vikCnA
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OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
32
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
OslashSdj frac14Crackerfrac12 ampgalh ampetkd k euksjatu ds fy
baVjusV ij tqM+s fofHkUu dEIwVjkas ls NsM+NkM+ djus
okysA
CykWx frac14Blogfrac12 ampg Web log dk lafkIr i gSA
g baVjusV ij d izdkj dh osclkbV gS ftl ij
le ample ij VsDLV] fp= k ofu kjk vius
vuqHko o fopkj Mkys tkrs gSA CykWx lkoZtfud Hkh gks
ldrs gS o OfDrxr HkhA 1999 eas vkfkdkfjd i ls
CykWx dh kqvkr ihVj egksZYt us dhA
ikWi vi frac14Pop upfrac12 ampg baVjusV ds izksx ds le
Loa [kqyus okyk foUMksa gS ftlesa fdlh fok foksk ij
lwpuk jgrh gSA
bZampdkWelZ rFkk bZampcSfdax
(E- Commerce and E-Banking)
Electronic Commerce vFkkZr sls lHkh
okfkTd dkZ tks fd bysDVordfksfud flLVe vFkkZr~
dEIwVj ds kjk iwk fds tkrs gSA ge bls sls Hkh dg
ldrs gS fd bUVjusV ds eke ls Okikj djuk gh
bZampdkWelZ dgykrk gSA
Types of E- Commerce
o bysDVordfkWfud dkWelZ ds rhu ewy izdkj gSamp
i fctusl Vw dUTwej frac14B2Cfrac12 amp NksVs
dkWiksZjsku rFkk vkjafHkd Okikfjksa ds kjk
bldk miksx fdk tkrk gSA
ii dUTwej Vw dUTwej frac14C2Cfrac12 amp oLrqiexcl
cspus ds fy fofHkUu OfDrkas dks kkfey
djrk gSA g vDlj DyklhQkbM foKkiukas
k fdlh uhykeh ds d bysDVordfkWfud i eas
utj vkrk gsA
iii fctusl Vw fctusl frac14B2Bfrac12amp Okikj eas nks
Okikfjkas dk vkil esa mRiknu vkSj lsokvksa
dh fcOslashh gksrh gSA g foksk i ls
mRiknd forjd ds chp lacak gSA
33
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
35
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
36
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
37
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
33
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E-Banking frac14bZampcSfdaxfrac12
Electronic Banking Internet Banking
Virtual Banking ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSaA
blsOnline Banking Hkh dgka tkrk
Electronic Payment System
baVjusV ij fdk xk Hkqxrku Electronic
Payment dgykrk gS rFkk bl fofk dks
Electronic Payment System dgk tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku fuEu ekeksa ls fdk tkrk gSA
1 OslashsfMV dkMZ
2 fMthVy eqnzk
3 LekVZ dkMZ vkfn A
OslashsfMV dkMZ oa LekVZ dkMZ ampbaVjusV ij vkWuykbu
lksfiax djus ds fy IykfLVd euh vFkkZr OslashsfMV dkMZ
oa LekVZ dkMksZa dk izksx fdk tkrk gSA bUgsa
vyxampvyx cSad rFkk dEifuka bw djrh gS rFkk iSls
ml dkMZ Holder ls olwys tkrs gSA
Important terms related to E-Banking
NEFT- National Electronic Fund
Transfer
g jkVordfh Lrj ij d Account ls nqljs Account
es Fund Transfer djus ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
RTGS ( Real time Gross settlement)
g Fund ds okfLrod vkkkfjr vkMZj ds vkkkj ij
Transfer gksrk gSaA Application ds mlh le
Process fdk tkrk gSa tc Transaction dh tkrh
gSaAg tYnh k Fast Fund Transfer ds fy
miksx es fyk tkrk gSaA
Mobile Banking-
34
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
34
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vktdy izRsd cSad kjk viuh Smart Phone
Application lqfokk nh xh gSa ftlesa Application
dh lgkrk ls Mobile Phonels ysu nsu fdk tk
ldrk gSaA
Online Banking Password-
izRsd Bank kjk Password fnk tkrk gSa ftls
Web ID ds lkFk fy[kus ds fy dke es fyk tkrk
gSaA
Transaction Password
g Password add fds xs account esa Balance
Transfer ds fys miksx es fyk tkrk gSa rFkk mUgha
account esa Balance Transfer dj ldrsa gSa tks
vkids Bank ds lkFk Add fds xs gSaA
One time password (OTP)
gOnline Banking esa Found Transfer djus gsrq
miksx esa fyk tkrk gSaA blesa User us Reguler
Mobile Number ij d Number vkrk gSa tks ml
ysu nsu dks iwjk djus ds fy Mkyuk gksrk gSaA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
ifjp
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ijLij lEcfUkr MsLdVkWi
vuqizksxksa vkSj lsokvkas lewg gSA ftls lkewfgd i ls
vkWfQl lwV dgk tkrk gSA ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl
loZizFke lu~ 1989 eas ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkWiksZjsku kjk eSd
OSds fys kq fdk xkA mlds ipkr~ lu~ 1990
eas foaMkst ds fys loZizFke laLdjk ykk xkA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 4-0 lu~ 1994 eas vkk ftlesa oMZ
6-0 Dly 5-0 ikWoj ikbUV 4-0 esy vkSj Dlsl FkkA
mlds ckn ds laLdjk Oslashek ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 4-3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 95] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 97] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2000] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl xp] ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2003] ekbOslashkslkWparaV
vkWfQl 2007 rFkk ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl 2010gSA
ekbOslashkslkWparaV vkWfQl ds vUrxZr eq[r pkj izksxzke vkrs
gS amp
1 ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
2 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
3 ekbOslashkslkWparaV ikWoj iakbV rFkk
4 ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsl
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ
ekbOslashkslkWparaV oMZ ekbOslashkslkWparaV dkisZjsku kjk
fodflr oMZ izkslslj gSA bldk eq[k dkZ nLrkost
ds lapkfyr djuk gSA g d oMZ izkslsflax iSdst
gSA
Different types of menus available in Ms-
Word
Quick Access Tab
(i) New (ctrl + N) ndash New Document
Create djus ds fy
(ii) Open (ctrl + O) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Open djus ds fy
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
35
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(iii) Save (ctrl + S) ndash cuh gqbZ File dks
Save djus ds fy
(iv) Print Preview - Print Preview
ns[kus ds fyA
(v) Undo (ctrl + z) ndash fdk dke
ifjoZru gVukA
(vi) Redo (ctrl + y) ndash ifjoZru okil
ykus ds fdA
1- Home Tab
Cut Ctrl + x frac14VsDVj dks gVkukfrac12
Copy Ctrl + c frac14dkWih djukfrac12
Paste Ctrl + v frac14isLV djukfrac12
2- Font Block
(i) Font Face -Text Deign k Font
Deign dks Change (Ctrl + D) djus
ds fyA
(ii) Font Size -Font Size ds fyA
(ctrl + Shit + p)
By Default Min=8 and Max=72
(iii) Bold-(ctrl + b) eksVs vkdkj esa
(iv) Italic-(ctrl + I) frjks vkdkj esaa
(v) Underline -(ctrl + u) Under ykbZu
djus ds fy
(vi) Grow Font-(ctrl + ) Tex dk
vkdkj cMkus ds fy
(vii) Shrink Font- (ctrl + ) Tex
dk vkdkj de djus ds fy
(viii) Super Script- Text dks NksVk cukrk
gSa bldk miksx Formula esa fdk
tkrk gSaA x2+y
2
(Ctrl + Shit+ +)
(ix) Subscript ndash Math question ds fy
(Ctrl+Shit+ =)
(x) Strike Through- Text dks e ls
dkVus ds fy
(xi) Change case - Selected Text
ds Case dks Changee djuk
(xii) Sentence Case - Only first
letter capital
(xiii) Upper Case -(Capital Letter)
(xiv) Lower Case -(Small Letter)
(xv) Capitalize -each word
(xvi) Toggle Case - First small
remaining capital
(xvii) Font color -Change color of
selected Case
3- Paragraph block
(i) Number Bullets
(ii) Alignments-
(i) Align Left (Ctrl + L) -
Left margin
(ii) Align Right (Ctrl + R) -
Right margin
(iii) Align Center (Ctrl + E) -
Left and Right ds fcp esa
(iv) Justify (Ctrl + J) -Left
Right Equal space
(iii) Line Spacing - nks ykbuks ds chp
nwjh cMkus ds fy
36
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
38
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
39
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
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dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
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(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
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(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
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dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
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4 Transition
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dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
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5 Slide Show
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
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oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
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fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
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Master Slide
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Views in power point
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Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
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(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
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(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
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(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
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Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
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GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
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1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
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dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
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vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
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d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
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enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
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tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
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Ctrl + 1 - Single Line Space
Ctrl + 2 - Double Line Space
Ctrl + 5 - 15 Line Space
(iv) Shading - Select Text ds
fiNs ds dyj dks Change djuk
4- Style Block
pfur Text dh Style dks Change djus gsrqA
fufeZr dj ldrs gSaA (Alt + Ctrl + Shift + S)
Editing - Text es Change djus ds fyA
(i) Find - (Ctrl + F) tks Text dks
ltqltrk gSaA
(ii) Replace - (Ctrl + H) d Word dks
nqljs Word ls Replace djukA
(iii) Go to - (Ctrl + G) d page ls
nqljs page ij tkukA
2- Insert Tab
(i) Page Block
- Cover page ndash igys ls fufeZr
Cover page document insert
fdk tkrk gSaA
- Blank Page - [kkyh page
insert djukA
- Page Break - Current
position ls nwljs page es tkuk
(Ctrl + enter)
(ii) Table Block - Ms-Word esa
Table cukus dh lqfokk iznku djrk gSaA
(iii) Illustration Block
- Picture ndash Input Picture
- Clip Art ndash Predefine image
dks use djukA
- Shapes ndash Auto Shape d
Drawing gksrh gSa tks Word esa
igys ls cuh gksrh gSa vkSj vkorsquoDrk
ds vuqlkj Insert dh tk ldrh gSaA
- Chart ndash vkadMks ds vuqlkj Chart
insert fdk tkrk gSaA Line chart
Ple Chart bar Chart Colum
Chart etc
(iv) Header amp Footer Block
- Header ist ds Top Margin ij
vkSj Footer Page ds Bottom esa
gksrk gSaA
- Header amp Footer esa margin dh
by default value 05gksrh gSaA
(v) Link Block
- Hyper link (Ctrl + K) Hyper
line insert djukA
Drop cap - Drop cap dk izksx Paragraph
ds first character esa species effectMkyus ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
3- Page Layout Tab
(i) Themes - Themes lEiqkZ
document dh design Change ds
fy
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(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
37
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(ii) Page setup block
Margin
(a) Top Margin - by default 1
bap gksrk gSaA
(b) Bottom Margin - by
default 1 bap gksrk gSaA
(c) Left Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(d) Right Margin - by default
125 bap gksrk gSaA
(e) Gutter or Gutter Pointer
Gutter margin dhDefault Value 0gksrh
gSaA
Gutter margin dh Position Top o
leftgksrh gSaA
(iii) Orientation Orientation nks izdkj
dh gksrh gSaA Potrait Mlandscape
By default layout Potrait gksrk
gSaA
(iv) Size tc document cukrs gSaa
rks word processor d Size ysrk gSaA
lkekUr page dk vkdkj 8x11 esa
lettergksrk gSaA
Page Back Ground Block
Water mark ndash izRsd page ds e
background ds Ik es lsV dj ldrs
gSaA
Page Color ndash Background es
Color Mkyuk
Page Border ndash Document ds
page es border Mkyuk
Paragraph Block
Indent - g paragraph dks leftright
side es move djrs gSaA blds kjk lEiwkZ
paragraph dh margin Changee dh tk ldrh gSaA
Spacing - g paragraph ds after k
before space nsus ds fy bldks
paragraph spacing djrs gSaA
4- References Tab
Foot note document ds izRsd
page ds loot esa fn[kus okyk text foot
note dgykrk gSaA (Ctrl+Alt+D)
End Noteiwjs document ds var esa
fn[kus okyk VsDlV end note dgykrk
gSaA (Alt+Ctrl+D)
5- Mailing Tab
Mail Merge Word dh izkFkfed dh
forsquokskrkvksa esa ls ykHknkd vkSaj ikojQqy
function gSaA
mail merge dks Loa ds QkeZ] ysVlZ]
uke o irs lfgr print dj ldrs gSaA
6- Review Tab
(i) Spelling and Grammar - F7
documentesa Spelling amp Grammar
dh xyfrka dks lqkkjus ds fyA
Deferent types of line
38
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
38
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Red Color -Spelling Mistake
Green Color -Grammar Mistake
Blue Color-Formatting Mistake
(ii) Thesaurus-Thesaurus kCndksrsquok gSa
tks gekjs text ls feyrs tqyrs kCn iznku
djrk gSaA (Shift+F7)
7- View Tab
(i) Document View
(a) Web layout-Web Page dh rjg
[kqyukA
(b) Print layout-Document print gksus
ds ckn fn[kus okykA
(c) Outline View- Document dks
outline ds i esa fn[kkrk gSa
(d) Reading layout View -
Document dks Full screen ij
read djukA
(e) Normal View ndashCut copy and
page k editing ds fyA
(ii) Zoom ndash Word es d Document
dsZOOM size de ls de10 vkSaj
vfkdre 500 rd gks ldrh gSaA
(iii) Macros ndash Macros ds kjk d k
d ls vfkd dekMl dk d dekMl
esa lxzg dj ldrs gSaA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(i) Word Wrap Text dk Lor
vxyh ykbZu esa iagqpukA
(ii) Ms Word 2010 esa tc fdlh Text dks
select fdk tkrk gSa rks Lor gSaMini
tool baresa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
(iii) Template d file ftlesa igys ls
define setting dk miksx final
Document dks cukus ds fy fdk
tkrk gSaA
(iv) d ckj TAB Cursor nckus ls 0-
5inches cMrk gSaA
(v) Translate option Hkkkk ifjoZru ds
dke vkrk gSa tksReview tabesa gksrk gSaA
(vi) MS-Word dks kq djus ds fy
winwordexe
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy
ekbOslashkslkWparaV Dlsy d bySDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV gS] tks
lkaf[d xkuk djus rFkk pkVZ cukus esa lgkrk djrk
gSAbysDVordfkWfud LizsMkhV dEIwVj eseksjh eas rkfdZd odZ
khV gSA tks dkWye rFkk jkW (Row)esa caVk gS] g
wfVfyVh lkWparaVosj iSdst gSA
Formula Operators
(i) Arithmetic Operator budk miksx
xfkfr fOslashkvksa ds fy fdk tkrk gSaA
(+ - x )
(ii) Comparison Operator budk izksx
nks ekuks dks vkil esa rqyuk ds fy
fdk tkrk gSaA
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(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
39
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
(iii) Text Operator (amp) frac14EijlsMfrac12 dk
izksx VsDlV dks tksMus ess fdk tkrk
gSaA
(iv) Reference Operator () Cell esa
Range Define djus ds fyA
Dlsy ds QDaku
Dlsy eas miyCk QDaku slh kfDrkkyh
lqfokkas gSA ftudh lgkrk ls vki tfVy xkuksa]
lkaf[dh xkuksa foRrh xkuksa vkSj ikB~ ij cgqr
ls dkZ djh ldrs gSA QDakuksa dk izksx QkWeZwyk ds
i esa k nwljs QDakukas rFkk vkWijsVjkas ds lkFk tfVy
QkWewZys cukus esa fdk tkrk gSA
Math Function
=sum (n1n2)
Sum functionfn x uacj o reference
dh total djrk gSA
Exam =sum (452) =11
=product (n1n2n3)
Product function fn x uacj vkSj
jsQjsUl dk xqkuQy ykSVkrk gSA
= product (542) (542=40) - 40
= man n1n2n3)
Min functionfn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl dh
lcls NksVh osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
min (4562)=2
= max function fn x uacj vkSj jsQjsUl
dh lcls cM+h osYw dks ykSVkrk gSA
Number or ref
=count()
count functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
numerical cell dh la[k ykSVkrk gSA
=average (n1n2n3) average
function return average of given num
average functionfn x jsQjsUl dh
vkSlr ykSVkrk gSA
=average (456)=5
= =mod (number divisor)
=mod (103)=1
mod function ksk dks ykSVkrk gSA
=power (53)
125(555)
power function kkr fudkyrk gSA
Text function
=upper(string)
upper function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks capital eas cnyrk gSA
=upper (lion)
=lower (String)
lower function nh xbZ okD ds lHkh
dSjsDVj dks small character eas cnyrk gSA
Len function len function okD ds
character dh la[k dks ykSVkrk gSA
=len (lion)4
Date and time
Date formate depand oonin os
(os default format is mmddyyyy)
40
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today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
1 Ms Excel esa Data dks Sort frac14lfkIrfrac12 cukus
ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
cMh gksus ds dkjk iznZrsquoku ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gSaA
7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
(a) Absoluteaddress - $ P21 (With cell
reference)
(b) Relative address - P21
(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
dh need ds vuqlkj dks display djukA blds iwkZ
MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
Slide Showds fy fdk tkrk gSaA blesa cuh File
dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
1 Home
(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
object dh position esa Changee
(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
Outline Color dks Fill fdk tkrk gSaA
(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
2 Insert
Different Images and media file
dks attach fdk tkrk gSaA
3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
geAnimation esa Slide ij Transition Hkh Set
dj ldrs gSa ftlesa Transition Sound rFkk
Speed mouse click k time ds vuqlkj set
dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
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Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
40
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
today function orZeku fnukad dks ykSVkrk
gSA
now function orZeku le oa fnukad dks
ykSVkrk gSA
year (date) function fn x fnukad eas ls
okZa dks ykSVkrk gSA
month (date) function fn x fnukad
eas ls efgus dks ykSVkrk gSA
day (date) function fn x fnukad esa ls
fnu dks ykSVkrk gSA
hour (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls kaVs dks ykSVkrk gSA
second (time) function fn x fnukad
eas ls lSdM dks ykSVkrk gSA
minut (time) function fn x fnukad esa
ls feuV dks ykSVkrk gSA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
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ds fyPivot Tabledke es fy tkrh gSaA
2 By Default Cell esaEntre numeric
Value dkAlignment Right aligngksrk gSaA
3 Ms-Excel esa fdlh Hkh Work Sheet dk
uke Maximum 31 Charactersdk gks ldrk gSaA
4 Ms-Excel esa larsquokksku ds fy F2
Function key use djrs gSaA
5 igyh okyh Work Sheet ij tkus ds
fyCtrl + Page up key use djrs gSaA
6 Ms-Excel esa Cell dh lkexzh cgqr
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7 d Text Field esa255 Character
typefds tk ldrs gSaA
8 Ms-Excel 2010 esa fdlh Column
dhDefault pkSMkbZ 843 Pointsgksrh gSaA
9 Automatic cell referencedks jksdus ds
fy $ ds sing dk use fdk tkrk gSaA
10 Ms- Excel esa fdlh Function dks Insert
djus ds fyShift + F3 key dk use gksrk gSaA
11 V Look up Function related record
irk yxkus ds fy dke vkrk gSaA
12 Address in Excel
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reference)
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(Without cell reference)
13 Formula Bar - bldk miksx Formula
o Function dks fy[kus ds fy gksrk gSaA
41
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14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
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15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
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18 Chart - Table ds data dks
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dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
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42
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Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
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fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
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s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
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g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
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gSA
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1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
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dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
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vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
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frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
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d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
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blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
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dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
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का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
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BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
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HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
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NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
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SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
41
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
14 Sorting - Excel es nks rjg dh
sorting gksrh gSA
(a) Ascending frac14NksVs ls cMsfrac12
(b) Descending frac14cMs ls NksVsfrac12
15 Filter -table esa mifLFkr Data esa ls user
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MkVk dks display djus ds ctk filter fdk tkrk
gSaA
16 Pivot table - Special type dh table
gksrh gSa ftldh lgkrk ls chart k graph cuks
tk ldrs gSaA
17 Validation - d slk process ftlds
eke ls related data gh cell esa store fdk tkrk
gSaA
18 Chart - Table ds data dks
graphically display djus ds fy chart dk
miksx fyk tkrk gSaA
Chart cukus ds fy axiso gridline dks define
djuk gksrk gSaA
Ms-Power Point
Ms-Power Point dPresentation
SoftwaregSaA bldk izksxPresentation and
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dk File extension pptxgksrk gSaA Presentation
ds izRsd page dksSlidedgk tkrk gSaA
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(a) (Slide)
(i) New slide (ctrl + m)- ubZ
Slide dks Add djukA
(ii) Reset -Slide dks Set djukA
(formatting rFkk color)
(iii) Slide layout- Layout cnyukA
By default lands capegksrk gSaA
(iv) Delete -
Select slide dks delete djukA
(b) (Drawing )
(i) Arrange- Slide esa insert fds xs
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(ii) Shape Fill - Salute dh xbZ
Shape Color Picture File fds
tkrk gSaA
(iii) Shape Outline- Shape dh
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(iv) Shape Select- 3-D Rotation
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3 Animation
Slide esa Audio rFkk Effects Set dj
ldrs gSaA
4 Transition
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dj ldrs gSaA
5 Slide Show
blesaSlidedksShowdjus lEcUkhSetting gksrh
gSaAF5key use gksrh gSaA
42
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
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lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
42
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Current Slidels Slide Show LVkVZ djus ds
fyShift + F5gksrh gSaA
oDrk ds uksV (Speakerrsquos Notes)
s slh lqpuka gSa tks oDrk tks oDrk dks
izLrqrhdkjk ds le dqN ckrsa kn
fnykus ds fy nh tkrh gSaA
Hand Outs
s dqN slsPage gksrs gSa tks Jksrkvksa esa ckVs tkrs
gSaA bu ij izLrqrhdjk dh lHkh k pquh
xbZ LykbZM Mkyh tkrh gSaA
Master Slide
g d slh Slide gksrh gSa ftlesa slh lwpuka
k lkexzh Mkyh tkrh gSa tks izLrqrhdjk
dh izRsd LykbZM esa kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Views in power point
(i) Slide Sorter View- bl Oq
esaPresentstionds lHkhSlide dks d
lkFk ns[k tk ldrk gSa rkfd
Presentation dh Complete name
rFkk Oslashe dh tkap dh tk ldsA
(ii) Slide Show View - Slide
dks Full screen ij display djukA
ampegRoiwkZ rFamp
(1) Ms-power point esa ready to use
dkclip artls gksrk gSaA
(2) Ms-power point esa First Slide ij
tkus dsCtrl + Home key dk use
fdk tkrk gSaA
(3) Power point pykus ds
fyPowerpntexe
(4) bldh Windows dh Zoom Size 10
to 400gksrk gSaA
(5) bldkdefault Zoom Size 69gksrk
gSaA
Ms-Access
MS-Access d RBDMS (Relational
Database Management System)gS ftlesa
fjyskuy ekbOslashkslkWparaV tsV MkVkcsl baftu ds lkFk
GUI (Graphical User Interface) vkSj
lkWparaVosj fodkl Vwy dk lakstu (Combination)
gSA
ampRDBMS ds pkj cqfuknh rRo gSamp
1 Tables - g foksk fok ds MkVk dk laxzgk gS
ftlds fuEu rRo gksrs gSa amp
frac14ifrac12 Columnsfrac14dkWyElfrac12ampgj dkWyEl d QhYM
dks izLrqr djrk gSA d QhYM (Field) dk
vFkZ gSampfufpr Jskh k dksfV ds MkVk LVksjA
frac14iifrac12 Rows frac14jkstfrac12ampd jks esa vkus okyh fdlh
dSVsxjh (Category) dh lHkh ensa MkVkcsl
dk d fjdkWMZ cukrh gSaA
frac14iiifrac12 Domin frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
43
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
43
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
frac14ivfrac12 Primary Keyfrac14izkFkfed dqath frac12ampg d
[kkl rjg dh QhYM gksrh gS] tks gj fjdkWMZl
dks d vyx igpku nsrh gSA
frac14vfrac12 Relationship frac14lacakfrac12 dk vFkZamp d k
d ls vfkd MkVkcslkas dks vkil esa tksM+ukA
frac14iiifrac12 Domain frac14Mksesufrac12ampfdlh Hkh QhYM esa tks
vfkdre vkSj Uwure eku (Values) gksrs
gS mls ml QhYM dk Mksesu dgrs gSA
2 Dosjht frac14Quriesfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl ls fdlh foksk
MkVk dks OofLFkr rjhds ls ns[kus ds fy gksrh gSA
blds kjk dh cpr gksrh gSA Dlsl dh Query
nh xbZ daMhku (Condition) ds vkkkj ij MkVk
dks ltwiexcllt+rh gS vkSj mls Ldzhu ij fn[kkrh gSA
3 QkWElZ frac14Formsfrac12 ampg MkVkcsl esa LVksj gq MkVk
dks ljy QkWesZV (Format) eas fn[kkrk gSA
Forms ds kjk fjdkWMZ dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS]
enter fdk tk ldrk gSa k mleas Qsjcny dh
tk ldrh gSA Forms LOslashhu ij d le esa d
gh fjdkWMZ fn[kkrk gSA
4 fjiksVZl (Reports)amp g MkVk dks bl izdkj
fMtkbu djus esa enn djrk gS fd g vklku cu
tk vkSj bldk foojk tYnh ls legtk tk ldsA
का पयटर ि िमबाधित ऱघ रप
A-C
AA - anti-aliasing
AABB - Axis aligned bounding box
AAC - Advanced Audio Coding
ACID - Atomiticy Consistency Isolation
Durability
ACPI -Advanced Configuration and
Power Interface
APCI - Application-Layer Protocol
Control Information
ADC - Apple Display Connector ADO -
ActiveX Data Object
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line variant of DSL
AI - artificial intelligence AIM - AOL
Instant Messenger
AMD - Advanced Micro Devices
AMI - American Megatrends (BIOS
manufacturer)
AMR - Audio Modem Riser
ANSI - American National Standards
Institute
AOL - America Online
API - Application Programming Interface
ASCII - American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
ASP - Application Service Provider
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
BASIC - Beginners All-purpose
Symbolic Instruction Code acronym was
added later originally it was simply
Basic
BBS - Bulletin Board System
BIND - Berkeley Internet Name Daemon
BIOS lt - Basic Input Output System
44
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
44
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor
CAD - Computer Aided Design
CD-R - CD-Recordable
CD-RW - CD-Rewritable
CF - Compact Flash
CFG - Context-free grammar - control
flow graph
CG - Computer Graphics
CGA - Color Graphics Array
CGI - Common Gateway Interface
CLI - Command Line Interface
CM - Configuration Management
COM - Component Object Model
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CS - Computer Science
CSE - Computer Science Engineering
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CT - Computerized Tomography
CVS - Concurrent Versioning System
D-F
DB - database
DBA - database administrator
DBMS - Database Management System
DHTML - Dynamic HTML
DLL - Dynamic Load Library
DMA - Direct Memory Addressing
DN - Distinguished Name
DND - drag and drop
DNS - Domain Name Server
DOM - Document Object Model
DOS - Disk Operating System
DRAM ndashDyanamic RAM
EEPROM ndashElectrically Erasable PROM
EOF - End of File
EOL - End of Life
EPROM -
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning
FAT - File Allocation Table
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
FET - Field Effects Transistor
FIFO - First In First Out
FPGA - Field Programmable Gate Array
FS - file system
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
G-I
GB - Gigabyte
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GPL - GNU Public License
GRUB - GRand Unified Boot-loader
GUI - Graphical User Interface
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HCI - Human Computer Interaction
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
45
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
HDD - Hard Disk Drive
HF - High Frequency
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transport Protocol
Hz - Hertz
IBM - International Business Machines
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDL - Interface Definition Layer
IM - Instant Messaging
IP - Internet Protocol
IRC - Internet Relay Chat
IRQ - Interrupt Request
IS - Information Systems
ISA - Industry Standard Architechture
ISO - International Organization for
Standardization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
IT - Information Technology
J-M
JDK - Java Developers Kit
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JS - Javascript
JSP - Java Server Page
KB - Kilobyte
KDE - K Desktop Environment
kHz - Kilohertz
LAN - Local Area Network
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access
Protocol
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LF - Low Frequency
LIFO - Last In First Out
LOC - Lines of Code
LUG - Linux Users Group
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
MB - Megabyte
MCSE - Microsoft Certified System
Engineer
MHz - Megahertz
MMU gt - Memory Management Unit
MOSFET - Metal-oxide semiconductor
FET
MPEG - Motion Pictures (Coding)
Experts Group
MPL - Mozilla Public License
MS - Microsoft
MS-DOS - Microsoft DOS
MSDN - Microsoft Developers Network
MUD - Multi-user dungeon
N-R
NDS - Novell Directory Services
NFS - Network filesystem
NP - Non-polynomial
NPL - Netscape Public License
NPU - Numeric processing unit
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
46
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
NMI - Non-Maskable Interrupt
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
NTFS - NT file system
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
OO - Object Oriented
OO - Open Office
OOo - openofficeorg
OOP - Object Oriented Programming
OS - Operating System
OSI - Open Source Initiative
OSI - Open Systems Interconnect
OSS - Open Source Software
OSDN - Open Source Developers
Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PDA - Personal digital assistant
PERL - Practical Extraction and
Reporting Language
PGA - Programmable Gate Arrays
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PINE - PINE Is Not Elm
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POP - Point of Presence
POP3 - Post Office Protocol v3
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
PXE - Pre Excecution Environment
QoS - Quality of Service
RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive
Disks
RAM - Random Access Memory
RC - Release Candidate
RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RF - Radio Frequency
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RGB - Red Green Blue
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RLE - run-length encoding
ROM - Read Only Memory
RSA - Rivest Shamir Adelman
S-V
SCP - Secure Copy
SAN - Storage Area Network
SDK - Software Developers Kit
SEAL - Semantics-directed Environment
Adaptation Language
SEI - Software Engineering Institute
SIMM - Single Inline Memory Module
SMP - Symmetric Multi-Processing
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SP - Service Pack
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
47
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
SQL - Structured Query Language
SSH - Secure Shell
SSI - Server Side Include
SSL - Secure Socket Layer
SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics
TB - Terabyte
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP - Transmission Cntrol
ProtocolInternet Protocol
TSP - Traveling Salesman Problem
TTL - transistor to transistor logic
TTL - time to live
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
UML - Unified Markup Language
UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply
URI - Uniform Resource Identifier
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
USB - Universal Serial Bus
VRML - Virtual Reality Markup
Language
VB - Visual Basic
VBA - Visual Basic for Applications
VBS - Visual Basic Script
VGA - Variable Graphics Array
W-Z
WAN - Wide Area Network
WAP - wireless application protocol
WEP - Wired equivalent protocol
WPA (wireless protocol)
WWW - World Wide Web
XHTML - eXtensible Hypertext Markup
Language
कछमहतवपरणशबदोक परणि म
1) GOOGLE - Global Organization Of
Oriented Group Language Of Earth
2) YAHOO - Yet another Hierarchical
Officious Oracle
3) WINDOW - Wide Interactive Network
Development for Office work Solution
4) COMPUTER - Common Oriented
Machine Particularly United and used under
Technical and Educational Research
5) VIRUS - Vital Information Resources
Under Siege
6) UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
7) AMOLED - Active-matrix organic light-
emitting diode
8) OLED - Organic light-emitting diode
9) IMEI - International Mobile Equipment
Identity
10) ESN - Electronic Serial Number
11) UPS - Uninterruptiblepower supply
12 HDMI - High-DefinitionMultimedia
Interface
13) VPN - Virtual private network
14) APN - Access Point Name
15) SIM - Subscriber Identity Module
16) LED - Light emitting diode
17) DLNA - Digital Living Networks
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard
48
wwwbankersaddacom| wwwcareerpowerin| wwwsscaddacom
Alliance
18) RAM - Random access memory
19) ROM - Read only memory
20) VGA - Video Graphics Array
21) QVGA - Quarter Video Graphics Array
22) WVGA - Wide video graphics array
23) WXGA - Widescreen Extended
Graphics Array
24) USB - Universal serial Bus
25) WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
26) PPI - Pixels Per Inch
27) LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
28) HSDPA - High speed down-link packet
access
29) HSUPA - High-Speed Uplink Packet
Access
30) HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
31) GPRS - General Packet Radio Service
32) EDGE - Enhanced Data Rates for Globa
Evolution
33) NFC - Near field communication
34) OTG - On-the-go
35) S-LCD - Super Liquid Crystal Display
36) OS - Operating system
37) SNS - Social network service
38) HS - HOTSPOT
39) POI - Point of interest
40) GPS - Global Positioning System
41) DVD - Digital Video Disk
42) DTP - Desk top publishing
43) DNSE - Digital natural sound engine
44) OVI - Ohio Video Intranet
45) CDMA - Code Division Multiple
Access
46) WCDMA - Wide-band Code Division
Multiple Access
47) GSM - Global System for Mobile
Communications
48) WI-FI - Wireless Fidelity
49) DIVX - Digital internet video access
50) APK - Authenticated public key
51) J2ME - Java 2 micro edition
52) SIS - Installation source
53) DELL - Digital electronic link library
54) ACER - Acquisition Collaboration
ExperimentationReflection
55) RSS - Really simple syndication
56) TFT - Thin film transistor
57) AMR- Adaptive Multi-Rate
58) MPEG - moving pictures experts group
59) IVRS - Interactive Voice Response
System
60) HP - Hewlett Packard