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APPENDIX A
COMPOSTING AT NH SCHOOLS:
PROGRAM OVERVIEW
School Informat ion Contact Person Construction
Crew
Operation
Crew
Bins End Product Pounds Diverted
Bulking AgentBelmont High School
255 Seavey Road
Belmont , NH 0 3220
(603) 267-6525
6 30 St udent s
Grades 7-12
John Frick
Tech. Ed. Teacher
John Moulin
Principal
St udent s in
Technology
Educat ion
class &
t eacher
St udent s 4 bin unit ,
insulat ed in
November
None yet 19 9 5 = 6 8 2
(2 mont hs)
1996 =
2,662
(10 mont hs)Hay
New Bost on Cent ral
School
15 Cent ral School RoadNew Bost on, NH
03070
(6 0 3) 48 7-2211
38 4 St udent s
Grades R-6
Dan Jamrog
Gr. 6 Science
Teacher
Rick Mat t hews
Principal
Facult y,
school st aff,
& TransferStation
At t endant s
Special
Educat ion
st udent &t eachers
aide
4 bin non-
insulat ed
unit
Excellent ;
used on
st udent 'smarket abl
e t ree
program
199 5 = 8 6 8
(2 mont hs)
1996 =3,594
(10 mont hs)
Hay 1st
year
Leaves 2nd
year
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APPENDIX B
COMPOSTING AT NH SCHOOLS:
3 BIN COMPOSTING UNIT
MADE FROM REUSED WOODEN PALLETS
Instructions
In our pilot program, our design was a t hree bin t urning unit made fr om pallet s and
hardware clot h. Donat ed pallet s were covered wit h hardware clot h and connect ed t o
each ot her using "L" bracket s. The t ops and front s of t he bins were made from hardware
clot h at t ached t o wooden st rapping for light ness, easy maneuverabilit y, and maximum
vent ilat ion (see diagram of bins). Usually, a compost bin will sit right on t he ground t o
maximize cont act wit h micro-organisms. However, a f loor was used in t he pilot program
t o keep rodent s and any ot her pest s out of t he compost . Therefore, t he mat erials list is
based on a t hree bin unit wit h floors.
The t ops were at t ached t o t he bins using hinges. We screwed a piece of st rapping along
t he back of t he t op of t he bins t o provide a common sit e of at t achment for t he t ops.
The separat ely built front was fit t ed t o slide int o t wo t racks on t he sides of t he unit .
The t racks were const ruct ed by using a 1" x 1" and a 1" x 6 " t o form a slot int o which t he
door could slide up and down (see diagram). Safet y gat e hooks were used t o fast en
down t he t ops keeping in mind t hat raccoons have been known t o unhook a regular hookand eye.
Hint: Measure your pallet s before you bring t hem t o t he school. Wooden pallet s are notalways made t he same size. For ease in put t ing t oget her t he bins, it is import ant
t o have t he pallet s as close t o t he same size and as square as possible.
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Materials List
To Borrow:
U 1 - Heavy Dut y St aple Gun (i.e.,
Arrow T-25 )U 2 - Bat t ery Powered Drills -
One for drilling holes and one
for screwing screws (Elect ric
dr ills and ext ension cords are
OK if elect r icit y is near by)
U 1 Pair - Heavy Dut y Wire
Cut t ersU 1 - Hand Saw (Powered saw and
ext ension cord are OK if
elect ricit y is near by)
U Measur ing Tape
To Buy or Have Donated (local hardware or lumber supply store)
U 10 - Wooden Pallet s* (All t hesame size)
U 13 - 1" x 3" x 8 ' St rapping or
Furr ing St rip
U 4 - 1" x 1" x 3 Lumber
(14 linear feet t ot al)
U 2 - 1" x 6 " x 12' Lumber
(24 linear feet t ot al)
U 1 Box of 10 0 - 8 " x 1" Flat
Phillips Head Screws
U 1 Box of 50 - 8 " x 1" FlatPhillips Head Screws
U 20 - 10 " x 3" Flat Head Screws
U 20 - 3" "L" Bracket
U 6 - 2" Safet y Gat e Hooks
U 6 - 3 " LT Narrow Hinge, Tit e Pin
U 1 Box 1,00 0 - d " St aples
U 1 - 10 0 ' x 48 " roll of Gauge
Hardware Clot h or Equivalent
Chicken Wire
* For f ree pallet s, shop at your local recycling cent er/ t ransfer s t at ion, businesses, and
depart ment , grocery, or hardware st ores, or call Donat ion Depot at (6 0 3) 6 45 -9 6 22.
Bin Building Steps
St ep 1. Measure, cut , and st aple t he hardware clot h or chicken wire ont o one side of
eight pallet s for bot t oms, backs and sides of bins. Two of t he pallet s will need
hardware clot h or chicken wire on bot h sides t o serve as inside walls. Useplent y of st aples f or st rengt h, placing one every f ew inches.
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St ep 2. Lay t he hardware clot h or chicken wire covered pallet s in place, as illust rat ed in
t he diagram (wit h t he wire sides on t he inside of t he bins), making sure all
corners meet . If necessary, do one bin at a t ime.
St ep 3. Use one drill t o drill t he holes in t he pallet s f or t he corner brace screws, and
t he ot her drill t o screw in t he 1" screws, fas t en one corner brace along eachcorner bet ween pallet s as illust rat ed in t he diagram.
St ep 4. Cut four pieces each of 1" x 1" and 1" x 6 " lumber t he same height as t he fr ont of
t he bins.
St ep 5. Fast en a precut 1" x 1" cent ered vert ically on t he front of each vert ical pallet of
t he bins wit h t wo 3" screws as illust rat ed in diagram. (This is t o creat e t he
runners for t he doors.)
St ep 6 . Fast en precut 1" x 6 " cent ered on t op of t he 1" x 1" wit h t wo more 3" screws as
illust rat ed in diagram. Repeat for all 4 fr ont s on bins (you have just made t he
slot s t hat t he front doors will slide int o).
St ep 7. Measure for front door dimensions and cut pieces of st rapping as illust rat ed in
t he diagram. Keep in mind t hat you want t he door t o fit loosely so it is easy t o
slide it in and out .
St ep 8 . Fast en st rapping t oget her wit h 1" screws t o make t he door as illust rat ed.Use spare st rapping as a corner brace, or use corner braces, purchased at a
hardware st ore.
St ep 9. Measure, cut and st aple hardware clot h or chicken wire t o t he inside of t he
door and slide door in place in t he front of t he bins. Repeat for all t hree bins.
St ep 10 . Lay st rapping along t he t op of t he back of t he bins and fast en t o t he t op of
t he pallet s wit h 1" screws.
St ep 11. Measure for t ops t he same as t he front doors, keeping in mind t hat t he t op
should lay over t he door so t hat t he door cannot be opened unless t he t op is
up. Anot her opt ion is t o make one long t op t o cover t he first t wo bins and a
single t op for t he t hird bin. This is so you can open and prop up t he t op of t he
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middle bin from t he left side rat her t han t hrowing it open from t he front of t he
bins.
St ep 12: Fast en t oget her s t rapping for t ops and st aple hardware clot h or chicken wire
t he same as t he doors.
St ep 13: Place t ops on t op of t he bins, t hen line up and at t ach t wo hinges t o t he back
pieces of st rapping and each t op as illust rat ed.
St ep 14: At t ach safet y gat e hooks fr om each side of t he front edge of t he t ops t o t he
pallet s on which t hey rest .
St ep 15: You are ready t o compost !
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APPENDIX C
DOCUMENTS TO COPY
Forms s imilar t o t hese document s were used by t he t wo schools part icipat ing in t he
"Compost ing at New Hampshire Schools" pilot program.
C The "Tracking Form" (C1) was used t o record t he foods weight and several ot her
procedures or observat ions associat ed wit h t he compost bin operat ion.
C The "Overview" (C2) was used as a handout t o all t he compost ing program
part icipant s, i.e. kit chen help, maint enance, t eachers, et c., for an underst anding of
what t he program was about and everyones responsibilit ies.
CThe "Reminder Not es" (C3) were at t ached t o a convenient ly locat ed clip board as abrief reminder of t he part icipant s' responsibilit ies.
C The "Compost ing at NH Schools Trouble Shoot ing" chart (C4) is available not only t o
be convenient ly locat ed on t he clip board and referred t o for daily compost
maint enance, but will also be a helpful t ool t o refer t o when learning about how
compost ing works.
Please feel fr ee t o make copies of t hese document s t o use wit h your school compost ing
program.
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APPENDIX C1
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APPENDIX C2
34
DON'Ts
Oils
Fat s
Bones
Meat s
Dairy Product s
DOs
Breads
Fruit Scraps
Coffee Grounds
Veget able Scraps
Crushed Egg Shells
SCHOOL COMPOSTING
OVERVIEW
What Is Composting?
Compost ing is nat ures way of recycling. It is a nat ural process of organic mat erials,
such as food, leaf and yard wast e, breaking down int o a valuable soil amendment .
Bet ween 6 t o 14 percent of t he daily wast e in a school can consist of compost able food
wast e.
What Is This Project?
The schools compost able food wast e will be placed in a separat e cont ainer from
noncompost able wast e and mixed wit h a bulking agent (leaves or wood shavings) in an
out side bin for compost ing. This will help t o get food wast e out of t he garbage can,
where it is useless, and int o a compost bin, where it will break down int o a very useful
fert ile soil-like mat erial.
Part 1 - Kitchen Collection
In t he kit chen, food wast e for compost ing needs t o be kept separat e from ot hermat erials. Please use t he cont ainers provided for food wast e collect ion. Using t he lids
on t hese will help cont rol odor and any pot ent ial fruit fly problems. A food wast e
collect or will check wit h kit chen st aff rout inely t o monit or t he amount of food wast e
generat ed. When separat ing food wast e for compost ing, here are a few t hings t o
remember:
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APPENDIX C2
35
Why? Meat s, dairy product s, oils, and fat s compost very slowly and creat e odorst hat are likely t o be offensive, as well as at t ract animals t o t he bins.
Part 2 - Food Collection
The job of t he food collect or is t o collect t he cont ainers of food wast e fr om t he kit chen
st aff, record t heir weight , and bring t hem out t o t he compost ing bins. When collect ing
food wast e, here are a few t hings t o remember:
1. Check wit h kit chen st aff t o see if cont ainers need t o be empt ied.
2. Weigh food wast e and record weight on t racking form.
3. Take food wast e out t o compost ing bins.
Why? Prompt ly removing t he food wast e fr om t he kit chen is not only beingconsiderat e, but a necessit y because t he kit chen st aff has Board of Healt h
regulat ions about cleanliness t hey have t o follow.
Part 3 - Bin Operator
The job of t he bin operat or is t o mix t he food wast e int o t he bin, and t o be sure it is
covered wit h bulking agent so t hat no food wast e is left exposed. You will need t o addan equal weight of bulking agent for each cont ainer of food. When operat ing t he bin, here
are a few t hings t o remember:
1. Open t he bin, insert t he compost t hermomet er int o t he cent er of t he food
wast e and bulking agent , and record t he t emperat ure.
2. St ir t he food and t op layer of bulking agent t hat is already in t he bin (fr om t he
last food wast e deposit ) wit h t he pit chfork.
3 . Add t he food wast e from t he cont ainer, mixing it in wit h t he food wast e and
bulking agent you just st irred and spread t he mat erial in t he bin evenly.
4. Cover t he mixed food wast e and bulking agent wit h a layer of new bulking agent ,
making sure no food wast e is visible.
5. Be sure t o securely replace t he door on t he bin.
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APPENDIX C2
36
Why? The bulking agent will need t o be mixed wit h t he food wast e t o achievet he appropriat e carbon/nit rogen rat io and provide oxygen for t he
compost ing process, t o avoid odor problems, and not t o at t ract pest s and
insect s.
Part 4 - Compost Coordinator
The job of t he compost coordinat or is t o make sure t he compost ing process is working
well. This is a very import ant part of t he project and can help t o eliminat e any pot ent ial
problems. When coordinat ing t he compost project , here are a few t hings t o remember:
1. Check t he moist ure of t he bin; it should be as moist as a wrung-out sponge.
2. Check t he t emperat ure of t he bin and record it on t he t racking form.When insert ing t he t hermomet er int o t he compost , grasp t he st em
about 6 " back from t he point and push (DO NOT push t he head of t he
t hermomet er) . Once t he st em goes in 6 ", grasp t he st em 6 " fart her
back, and push again. Repeat unt il t he st em is complet ely insert ed.
This met hod will avoid bending t he st em. Once t he t hermomet er is
insert ed in t he pile, wait at least 45 seconds before reading t he
t emperat ure. When finished using t he t hermomet er, ret urn it t o it s
box.
3. If t he t emperat ure is under 10 0 OF, or over 150 oF, mix t he whole bin (t oo hot killsoff compost bact eria, t oo cold means t he compost process has s lowed down).
4. If in doubt , check "Troubleshoot ing" (Appendix C4).
5. Record any comment s/observat ions on t racking form.
Why? Moist ure is needed for t he microbes t o work and t oo much moist urewill keep t he oxygen out . The hot t er t he pile, t he fast er t he compost ing
(10 0 +), but t oo hot (150 +) kills off compost bact eria.
When Bin #1 is full, not ify t he "Compost St art er" designat ed in Appendix C3.
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APPENDIX C2
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When Bin Is Full
1. Transfer all mat erial from Bin #1 int o Bin #2 using t he pit chfork.
2. Be sure t o securely replace t he t op and front of t he bin.
Part 5 - Compost Starter
The job of t he compost st art er is t o st art a new compost ing bin by set t ing t he
appropriat e mat erials in t he bin and t o t urn t he cont ent s of a full bin int o an empt y bin.
Along wit h t hese ongoing responsibilit ies, make sure t here is plent y of bulking agent
available unt il t he process will have t o be repeat ed again. When st art ing t he compost ,
here are a few t hings t o remember.
To Start Bin # 1 Again
1. Place 6 "-10 " of bulking agent in t he bin as a base. This will absorb any excess
moist ure from t he food wast e.
2. Scat t er t he food wast e over t he ent ire bulking agent surface.
3. If you are using leaves for a bulking agent , you will not need t o "seed" (add
micro-organisms t o) your compost . If you are using wood shavings, you may
want t o "seed" your compost . To "seed," sprinkle and mix approximat ely 1 five
gallon bucket full of animal manure (cow, sheep, horse, chicken, or rabbit . . . . do
not use dog or cat manures) or exist ing compost or leaves int o t he food wast e
and bulking agent . A "compost act ivat or" sold at feed and hardware st ores
can also be used.
4. Cover t he food wast e wit h a layer of bulking agent , making sure no food wast e
is visible.
5. Be sure t o securely replace t he t op and front of t he bin.
Why? The well mixed food wast e and bulking agent will aid in t he compost ingprocess and help keep odors down and pest s away.
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APPENDIX C3
38
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APPENDIX C3
39
2. St ir t he food and t op layer of bulking agent (i.e., leaves or wood shavings) t hat
is already in t he bin (f rom t he last food deposit ) wit h t he pit chfork.
3 . Add t he food from t he cont ainer, mixing it in wit h t he food and bulking agent
you just st irred and spread t he mat erial in t he bin evenly.4. Cover mixed food and bulking agent wit h a layer of new bulking agent , making
sure no food is visible.
5. Securely replace t he t op of t he bin.
6 . Ret urn t he cont ainer and clipboard t o kit chen. Rinse t he cont ainer clean.
Compost Coordination
The compost coordinat ors are:
1. Check t he moist ure of t he bin, it should be as moist as a wrung-out sponge.
2. Check t he t emperat ure of t he bin and record it on t he t racking form.
3. If t he t emperat ure is under 10 0 OF, or over 150 OF, mix t he whole bin (t oo hot kills
off compost bact eria, t oo cold means t he compost process has s lowed down).
4. If in doubt , check "Compost ing Troubleshoot ing" sect ion in t his Guide (page
40).
5. Record any comment s/observat ions on t he "Tracking Form."
When Bin # 1 is full, not ify
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APPENDIX C4
SCHOOL COMPOSTING
TROUBLE SHOOTING
SYMPTOMS CAUSES SOLUTIONS
Compost has rot t en odor Not enough air and/or t oo much
moist ure.
Turn pile and/or add more
bulking agent .
Compost has ammonia odor Too much nit r ogen (lack of carbon) . Add bulking agent .
Cent er of pile is dry Not enough moist ure and/or t oo much
bulking agent .
Turn pile, moist en, and/or add
more nit rogen, e.g., food wast es
and/or green grass clippings.
Pile t emperat ure is t oo low (150E) Not enough air , and/or pile is t oo
large.
Turn pile and/or reduce pile size.
Pile is at t r act ing animals Presence of meat scraps, dair y or oils,
not covering food wast e well, and/or
holes in compost ing bin t hat animals
can get t hrough.
Avoid meat s, dairy and oils,
cover ot her f ood wast es wit h
bulking agent and/or repair any
holes in compost ing bins.
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APPENDIX D
COMPOST TESTING
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APPENDIX E
NH PRESS COVERAGE
School Composting Plan Could Lead to Heap of Savings
by ED PUFFER
Staff Writer
BELMONT - Take a school cafeteria's food scraps - the ones cut out during preparing meals. Put them in
a pile in the sun. Invite some worms and other organisms over. What do you get?
The state hopes you get money - money that you save by not throwing those things away.
Belmont High School, which has long saved its kitchen scraps for compost, is now part of a pilot program
being run by the Governor's Recycling Program. Saving kitchen scraps is known to create good
compost and the state wants to know if composting is actually cheaper than bagging the stuff and sending it out as
regular trash.On Wednesday, students and state workers teamed up to build composting bins that they then installed at
the southern end of Belmont High School, just outside the woodshop run by teacher John Frick. The bins will be
filled with kitchen scraps that are cut out during the preparation of school breakfasts and lunches. Meat and dairy
products are not included and neither is any food left over after a meal.
"We're keeping pretty close records as to how much food can be diverted from the waste stream and turned
into a re-useable product," said Sherry Godlewski of the state Department of Environmental Services. "Belmont's
going to be using a lot of the students to help with the project."
"Our second goal would be to educate students about composting," said Barbara McMillan of the
Governor's Recycling Program. "They're going to let it compost, mix it, take its temperature every day."
Frick's students will be in charge of the compost, as they have been for some time. Frick has benefitted by
taking items home for his own compost pile, but he is glad to give that up for the state program.
"We average 15 to 20 pounds per day," said student Josh Mazzei. "We take some of it and grind it up in a
food processor and put it in the worm container."
The worm container is located in the back of Frick's shop. It is a small box with paper, food scraps and red
worms. The worms eat their own body weight every day and what they eat turns into a very fertile soil.
"It's great for indoor composting. There's no odor," McMillan said. "We'd like to see these in every single
home."
The other schools involved in the project are New Boston Central School, Wentworth Elementary School
and Keene's Franklin Elementary School.
Belmont's compost will be used at the school to fertilize trees and plants on the school grounds.
"Take a look around. We've got lots of things we can do to make things look nice," said Principal Howard
Murphy. "I garden myself and know the value of good soil."
Murphy said residents who are interested in composting can always call and see the school's compostingprogram.
"People are certainly welcome to see how it works," Murphy said. "It's funny because it's not the kids who
need to learn lessons like that, it's the adults."
(Article reprinted with permission from the Laconia Citizen)
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Actinomycetes -- Micro-organisms t hat have t he charact erist ics of bot h fungi and
bact eria. Act inomycet es creat e cobweb-like growt hs t hroughout t he compost andgive compost an eart hy aroma.Aeration -- The process by which t he oxygen-deficient air in compost is replaced by air
fr om t he at mosphere. Aerat ion can be enhanced by t urning compost .Aerobic decomposit ion -- Decomposit ion of organic wast es occurr ing in t he presence of
oxygen, making possible convers ions of mat erial t o compost .Anaerobic decomposit ion -- Decomposit ion of organic wast es occurr ing in t he absence of
oxygen. Causes product ion and release of met hane gas.Bacteria -- In a compost pile, t he micro-organisms t hat do most of t he work t o
decompose wast es. Hardworking bact eria cause t he compost pile t o heat up.Biodegradable -- Capable of being broken down by micro-organisms (bact eria and fungus)
int o simple compounds t hat act as fert ilizers in t he soil (plant and animal remainsare biodegradable). Anot her word for biodegradable is compost able.
Bulking agent -- Mat erial, such as leaves, wood chips or shavings, added t o compostprimarily t o help creat e good pore st ruct ure for air f low. Oft en provides part ofcarbon source as well.
Carbon -- An element t hat is abundant in wood chips, sawdust , st raw, and leaves. Carbonprovides energy for living t hings.
Celsius (C) -- A t emperat ure scale in which 0E C is freezing and 10 0E C is boiling.Compost -- A r ich soil-like mixt ure t hat is produced when organic mat erials break down.Composting -- The nat ural conversion of most organic mat erials int o humus by t he
act ivit y of micro-organisms, and an effect ive solid wast e management t echniquefor reducing t he organic port ion of wast e.
Decomposition -- The breakdown of organic wast e mat erials by bact eria and fungi int osimpler component s (e.g., carbon dioxide, wat er, and inorganic solids).
Disposal -- The discharge, deposit , inject ion, dumping, incinerat ion, leaking, or placing ofany wast e int o or on any land, air, or wat er medium.
Dump -- An open and unmanaged disposal sit e used prior t o sanit ary landfills wherewast e mat erials were burned, left t o decompose, rust or simply remain.
Environment -- All t he condit ions, circumst ances, and influences surrounding andaffect ing t he development or exist ence of people or of nat ure. Ones surroundings,inside or out -of-doors.
Fahrenheit (F) -- A t emperat ure scale in which 32E
F is freezing and 212E
F is boiling.Fungi -- Organisms such as molds, yeast , and mushrooms t hat feed on dead organicmat t er.
Humus -- That more-or-less-st able organic fract ion of t he soil mat t er remaining aft ert he major port ion of added plant and animal residues have decomposed. Humus isusually dark in color.
Invertebrate -- An animal wit hout a backbone, such as an insect or worm.
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Kitchen waste -- Food scraps, such as pot at o peels, apple cores, moldy food, and wilt edlet t uce.
Landfill -- A large out door area for wast e disposal. Landf ills where wast e is exposed t ot he at mosphere are called open dumps; in sanit ary landfills, wast e is layered and
covered wit h soilMicro-organism -- A t iny living t hing t hat is so small you need a microscope ormagnifying glass t o see it . Micro-organisms help break down organic wast es.
Millipede -- A t iny worm-shaped animal wit h many pairs of legs. Millipedes live in soil andcompost .
Mite -- A t iny animal, or arachnid, no bigger t han a pinhead, t hat lives in soil, plant s, andcompost .
Mulch -- A covering, such as leaves, st raw, peat moss, or compost , t hat is placed on t opof t he soil in gardens and around t rees t o suppress weeds, keep soil moist , andkeep plant root s cool in summer and warm in wint er.
Nitrogen -- An element t hat is found in food scraps, grass clippings, and manure.Nit rogen is used by living t hings for growt h.
Nutrient -- A food ingredient t hat supplies energy for living and growt h.Organic -- Made from living organisms, such as plant s and animals. Organic subst ances
include t ree leaves, wool from sheep, and any ot her mat erials cont aining t henonmet allic element carbon (like diamonds and graphit e, which are pure carbon indifferent forms).
Pil l bug -- A small animal t hat lives in moist soil and rolls up in a lit t le ball when it ist hreat ened or scared.
Plate Scrapings -- The food wast e left on plat es af t er a mealPotworm -- A small worm t hat lives in soil and compost .
Prep Scraps -- The food wast e produced from preparing mealsRecycle -- To pass t hrough a cycle again; t o collect and reprocess manufact uredmat erials for reuse eit her in t he same form or as part of a diff erent product .
Resources -- A supply of somet hing t hat can be used or drawn upon. Somet hing t hatcan be used t o make somet hing else -- wood int o paper, iron ore int o st eel, oldnewspapers int o cardboard.
Roundworms (nemat odes) -- Small worms (less t han one cent imet er) t hat prey on fungispores, prot ozoa and each ot her and are very good for compost .
Solid waste -- Any unwant ed non-liquid mat erial t hat is discarded from households,indust ries or communit ies.
Turning -- In a compost pile, mixing and moving t he organic mat erial.
Turning unit -- Mult iple compost ing holding bins built next t o each ot her.Waste stream -- All mat erials and resources being t hrown away.Yard and garden wastes -- Grass clippings, dead leaves, small branches, and weeds.
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COMPOSTING RESOURCES
All these resources are available on loan to New Hampshire educators through the NHGovernor's Recycling Program by calling (603) 271-1098.
Brochures or HandoutsC "Backyard Composting" An educational how to backyard composting brochure. Also
available through your County Cooperative Extension.C "Worming Your Way to Better Compost!!!" An 8 page handout explaining theABCS of
worm composting and where to get worms, worm bins and worm books.
Video TapesC "Home Composting, Turning Your Spoils to Soil" (17 minutes) Teaches Home composting
of household food and yard waste. "Composting to Reduce the Waste Stream" guide
included. Also available through your local public library, County CooperativeExtension.
C "It's Natures Way: The Composting Solution" (6 minutes) Overview of how composting ofhousehold waste works, emphasizing its parallel to degradation in nature.
C "The Magic of Composting" (13 minutes) Features a compost fairy who teaches a skepticalman about the basics and benefits of composting.
C "Vermicomposting" (25 minutes) A simple demonstration of setting up, feeding, maintaining,and harvesting your worm bin for food waste composting.
C "Wormania" (26 minutes) An entertaining and educational video featuring Worm WomanMary Applehof explaining how worms can help the environment and step by step how
to for a food waste worm composting bin.CurriculumThe following composting related curriculum are available for loan through the NH GovernorsRecycling Programs Educational Lending Library. Please call for more information.C "Compost Learning Guide: Teachers Guide" Grades 4-8C "Composting: Wastes to Resources" Camp AgeC "Composting in the Classroom: A High School Teachers Guide for Indoor Composting
Activities" Grades 9-12C "Earthworms: Natures Recyclers" Grades K-6C "4-H Composting Education Program" 4-H GroupsC "Scraps to Soil: A How-To Guide for School Composting" Grades 3-6C "Squirmy Wormy Composters" Grades K-6C "Worms Eat My Garbage" Grades K-12C "Worms Eat Our Garbage" Grades 2-8C "Worms in the Classroom Activity Ideas" Grades K-12
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LOCAL
TRADE ORGANIZATIONS and ASSOCIATIONS
This is a listing of Trade Organization and Associations that serve the composting and solidwaste industry.
COMPOSTING COUNCIL114 Sout h Pit t St reetAlexandr ia, VA 223 14
(703 ) 739-240 1; Fax (703 ) 739-240 7e-mail: comcouncil @aol.com
This council was est ablished t o improvepublic and market accept ance of compost ingprocesses and product s.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION FOUNDATION
6930 Carroll AvenueTacoma Park, MD 20 912
(3 0 1) 8 91-110 9
The Environment al Act ion Foundat ion workswit h t he human side of t he environment ,such as air, wat er and land.
KEEP AMERICA BEAUTIFUL10 1 Washingt on Boulevard
St amford, CT 0 6 90 1
(203) 3 23-8 98 7; Fax (20 3) 325-9 199web sit e: ht t p://www.kab.org
Keep America Beaut iful is a nat ional,nonprof it , public educat ion organizat iondedicat ed t o improving wast e-handlingpract ices in Nort h American communit ies.
NATIONAL RECYCLING COALITION1727 King St reet , Suit e 10 5Alexandr ia, VA 22314-2720
(70 3) 6 8 3-90 25; Fax (70 3) 6 8 3-90 26
The Nat ional Recycling Coalit ion is anonprofit organizat ion whose membersinclude businesses, recycling and environ-ment al organizat ions, st at e and localgovernment s and individuals.
SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATION OFNORTH AMERICA
PO Box 7219Silver Spring, MD 20 910 -7219
(30 1) 58 5-28 98 ; Fax: (30 1) 58 9 -70 6 8web sit e: ht t p://www.swana.org
The Solid Wast e Associat ion of Nort hAmerica is a nonprofit educat ionalorganizat ion of 5 ,8 0 0 solid wast e
management professionals.EPA-New England
JFK Federal BuildingBost on, MA 0 2203 -0 0 0 1
(6 17) 573-5720
The EPA's Office of Solid Wast e deals wit ht he legislat ive side of t he solid wast eindust ry. They provide regulat ions andguidelines t o municipalit ies on recycling,compost ing, et c.
DONATION DEPOTNew Hampshire College250 0 Nort h River Road
Manchest er, NH 0 310 6 -10 45(60 3) 6 45-9622; Fax (60 3) 6 45-966 6
web sit e: ht t p://www.nhc.edu/admin/depot /depot .ht m
e-mail: eat [email protected]
Donat ion Depot plays t he mat chmakerbet ween organizat ions who have usefulequipment and/or mat erials for which t heyno longer have a use and nonprof it s who canuse t hese goods.
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EARTH DAY NHPO Box 26 6
Amherst , NH 03 0 31-0 26 6(6 0 3) 6 72-5441; Fax (6 0 3) 6 73-6 250
Eart h Day NH is a nonprofit group t hatpromot es environment al educat ion and act sas t he st at e wide Eart h day coordinat or.
NH DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALSERVICES
6 Hazen DriveConcord, NH 0330 1-6 50 9
(6 0 3) 271-29 0 0 ; Fax (6 0 3) 271-2456web sit e:
ht t p:// www.st at e.nh.us/des/descover.ht ml
e-mail: [email protected] at e.nh.us
The Depart ment of Environment al Services(DES) is responsible for implement ing wast edisposal laws for t he st at e. DES providest echnical assist ance t o communit ies,schools, and businesses; conduct seducat ional programs on solid wast emanagement and recycling; and providesguidance for s t art ing recycling programs.
NH GOVERNORS RECYCLING PROGRAM2 Beacon St reet
Concord, NH 0 330 1-449 7(6 0 3) 271-10 98 ; Fax (6 0 3) 271-1728
web sit e: ht t p:/ /www.st at e.nh.us/recycle/homepage.ht ml
e-mail: [email protected] at e.nh.us
The Governor's Recycling Program providest echnical assist ance, st imulat es andpromot es new recycling ideas, and hasdeveloped dat abases on municipal recyclingact ivit ies in New Hampshire and market s fort he st at e's recyclables.
NH MATERIALS EXCHANGEBusiness and Indust ry Associat ion of NH
122 Nort h Main St reetConcord, NH 0 330 1-4918
(6 0 3) 224-1517; Fax (6 0 3) 224-28 72web sit e:ht t p:/ /www.wast ecapnh.org/nhme.ht m
e-mail: exchange@wast ecapnh.org
The NH Mat erials Exchange which isoperat ed by Wast eCap of New Hampshire,divert s wast e fr om municipal landfills byproviding a means for mat erials t o beexchanged for reuse bet ween businesses,municipalit ies, nonprofit groups, and
individuals.
UNH COOPERATIVE EXTENSION59 Taylor Road
Durham, NH 03824-3587(6 0 3) 8 6 2-1520 ; Fax (6 0 3) 8 6 2-159 5
http://ceinfo.unh.edu
UNH Cooperat ive Ext ension is par t of anat ion-wide Land Grant Universit y Syst emwhich provides educat ional out reach t o
families and individuals t hroughout t hest at e, wit h an off ice in each of t he t encount ies.
WASTECAP PROGRAM OF NEW HAMPSHIREBusiness and Indust ry Associat ion of NH
122 Nort h Main St reetConcord, NH 0 330 1-4918
(6 0 3) 224-1517; Fax (6 0 3) 224-28 72web sit e: www.wast ecapnh.org
e-mail: reconinfo@wast ecapnh.org
Wast eCap is a pro-act ive, nonregulat oryprogram providing businesses wit h t het echnical assist ance necessary t o recognizeand act upon opport unit ies for solid wast eminimizat ion and recycling.
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K - 12 SCIENCE CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK
To assis t New Hampshire t eachers in meet ing specific cur riculum requirement s, t his Guide and accompanying
act ivit ies were examined for cor relat ion t o t he "NH Science Curr iculum Frameworks." For t he result ing
suggest ed corr elat ions, please refer t o t he out line below and t he New Hampshire Depart ment of Educat ions K-12 Science Curriculum Framework.
1. Science as Inquiry1a. Yes, bot h element ary and secondary
2. Science, Technology and Society2a. Yes, element ary; secondary - could be applied t o measuring wit h analog equipment
2b. Could apply t o bot h element ary and secondary if t eacher chose t o explore compost ing organisms wit h
microscopes, or t est ing t he pH of compost et c.
2c. Yes, element ary; secondary - could fulfill if t eacher chose t o elaborat e wit h act ivit ies.2d. N/A
2e. Could fulfill bot h element ary and secondary if t eacher chose t o elaborat e
2f . N/ A
3. Life Science
3a. Yes, some of element ary and some of secondary
3b. Yes, some of element ary and some of secondary
3c. Yes, some of element ary and some of secondary
3d. Yes, some of element ary and some of secondary
These all relat e t o a port ion of t he overall life science st andards ( i.e., anat omical st ruct ures, food webs,
requirement s of organisms/processes et c.)
4. Eart h/ Space Science
4a. N/A
4b. N/A
4c. Relat ed t o bot h element ary and secondary via Eart hs resources, wat er supply, human induced fact ors
which cont ribut e t o changes in Eart h et c.
5. Physical Science5a. N/A for element ary, perhaps t angent ially in secondary
5b. Perhaps t angent ially in bot h element ary and secondary (i.e., change in subst ance = decomposit ion)
5c. Perhaps t angent ially in bot h element ary and secondary(i.e., energy t ransformat ion)5d. N/A
5e. N/A
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5 f. N/ A
5g. Perhaps t angent ially for bot h
6. Unif ying Themes and Concepts
6 a. Bot h element ary and secondary - t angent ially
6 b. Bot h element ary and secondary - t angent ially
6 c. Bot h element ary and secondary - t angent ially (i.e., worm bin model of what happens in a forest or
out door compost ; t he bin as a model of a nat ural process)
6 d. Yes, bot h element ary and secondary