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Composition of Matter
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PROPERTIES OF MATTER
• What is matter?
• What is mass?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
The amount of matter an object contains
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SUBSTANCES
• A substance is matter that has a definite and uniform composition
One type of “stuff”
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TYPES OF SUBSTANCES
• There are two different types of substances:
One type of “stuff”
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ELEMENTS
• An element is the simplest forms of matter.
• Each element is represented by a chemical symbol.
Carbon is an elementElements are made of atomsDiamonds are made of atoms of the element CarbonFoil is made of the atoms of the element Aluminum.
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Atoms are matter
• Carbon is an element• Elements are made of atoms• Diamonds are made of atoms of the element
Carbon• Foil is made of the atoms of the element
Aluminum.
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Atoms are matter• Elements most abundant in the earth
and human body are:
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Elements
• Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Hydrogen Sulfur Magnesium
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COMPOUNDS
• 2 or more elements combine to make a compound
• A compound is a substance that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means
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COMPOUNDS
• Examples:
Water - H20
Salt - NaCl
Hydrogen Peroxide - H2O2
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Molecules
• Smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all of the properties characteristic of that substance
• They act as a unit–Example: water H2O
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Molecules
• Most molecules are made of atoms of different elements, but some can be made of atoms of the same element.
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TYPES OF MATTER
chemicallyseparable
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MIXTURES
• A mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances that can be physically separated.
• How?
One type of “stuff” More than one type of
“stuff” together
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Pure Substance
vs. Mixture
• When people say “Pure Grape Juice” this means it contains only the juice of the grapes with NOTHING added or taken away
• In reality, grape juice is NOT a pure substance. It is a MIXTURE!!!
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Mixture
• A combination of more than one substance– Grape juice is a mixture because it contains
water, sugars, acids, and vitamins– The composition of grape juice is not fixed;
it can have different amounts of water, sugars, or other compounds
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MIXTURES
Not uniform Uniform throughout
physically
separable
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HETEROGENEOUS vs. HOMOGENEOUS
• There are 2 different types of mixtures.–A heterogeneous mixture has more
than one phase or substance (looks different)
–A homogeneous mixture has only one phase (looks the same)• Also called a SOLUTION
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Mixtures of this type are not the same throughout. – Example: Fruit Salad
• Each spoonful of fruit salad would give you a different variety – no 2 spoonfuls would be exactly the same.
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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SUSPENSION
a mixture that looks uniform when stirred or shaken that separates into different layers when it is no longer agitated
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COLLOID
• Gelatin heterogeneous mix–Gelatin is a colloid–Colloid a mixture of very tiny
particles of pure substances that are dispersed in another substance but do not settle out of the substance
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Colloids
• Differences between suspensions and colloids:
• Particles in colloids are much smaller• Because they are so small, they do NOT separate out
or settle to the bottom in colloids• Particles stay dispersed throughout the mixture
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• EXAMPLES:• Fog• Milk• Shaving cream• Egg white• Paint• Blood
Colloids
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Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Colloids– Particles never settle– Displays the Tyndall Effect
• Scattering of light particles• Ex) Fog, milk, shaving cream
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Homogeneous Mixtures
• These mixtures are uniform, in that no matter where you get your sample from in the mixture – each sample will be the exact same. – Examples: Kool-Aid, tomato soup, salt
water, brass keys
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Homogeneous Mixtures
• Not only look uniform, they ARE uniform
• Ex: Salt water• If you add salt to a glass of pure water and mix
it, it will eventually look like pure water• Looks uniform because the components of the
mixture are too small to be seen
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Homogeneous Mixtures
• When salt and water mix, no chemical reaction takes place
• Easy to separate the 2 substances by evaporating or boiling the water
• Once boiled, only left with salt
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homogeneous heterogeneous
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Solutions and Homogeneous mixtures
SOLUTIONS & HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURES are synonymous.
Homogenous mixtures are mixed completely, all the way down to their most fundamental particles-atoms, molecules, or ions.
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Types of Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Colloids– Particles never settle– Displays the Tyndall Effect
• Scattering of light particles• Ex) Fog, milk, shaving cream
• Suspensions– Visible particles settle– Require agitation to stay mixed
• Ex) OJ, Italian dressing, sand & water
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HETEROGENEOUS OR HOMOGENEOUS?
• Saltwater
• Spaghetti sauce
• Muddy water
• Cough syrup
• Salad
• Brass
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous