Download - Complete Krav maga : the ultimate guide to over 250 self-defense and combative techniques
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COMPLETE
KRAVMAGA
“DarrenLevineisoneofaveryfewpeopleintheworldwhocancritiqueaccomplishedKravMagainstructors,identifypretendersandadaptthe
KravMagasystemtonewcircumstances.”—ImiLichtenfeld,founderofKravMaga
“DarrenLevine’sexceptionalcriticalthinking,analyticalskillsandproficiencyinKravMagamakehimoneofthebestinstructorsinthe
worldtoday.Thisbookgivesyouaccesstohisexperienceandknowledge.”
—AmirPerets,KravMaga4th-degreeblackbelt,formerhand-to-handcombatinstructorforeliteunitsintheIsraeliDefenseForce(IDF)“Anincrediblygiftedprosecutor,DarrenLevine’smasteryofKravMagaisequallyaseffectiveanddeadlyashiscourtroomskills.WithoutreservationIstronglyrecommendthisbook,andthestudyofKravMagaunder
Darren—thereisnofiner!”
—ScottReitz,30-yearLAPD/Metro/SWATofficerandheadinstructorforInternationalTacticalTrainingSeminars(ITTS)
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InmemoryofMarni
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TextCopyright©2007,2016JohnWhitmanandDarrenLevine.Designandconcept©2016UlyssesPressanditslicensors.Photographscopyright©2007,2016AndyMoggexceptasnotedbelow.Allrightsreserved.Anyunauthorizedduplicationinwholeorinpartordisseminationofthiseditionbyanymeans(includingbutnotlimitedtophotocopying,electronicdevices,digitalversions,andtheInternet)willbeprosecutedtothefullestextentofthelaw.
PublishedintheUnitedStatesby
ULYSSESPRESSP.O.Box3440Berkeley,CA94703www.ulyssespress.com
ISBN:978-1-61243-577-0LibraryofCongressControlNumber2015952120
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributingwriter:RyanHooverAcquisitions:NickDenton-BrownManagingeditor:ClaireChunEditorial:CaetyKlingmanIndex:SayreVanYoungFrontcoverandinteriordesign:[email protected]:AndyMoggCoverartwork:shieldandbanner©Maxger/shutterstock.comPhotographs:©AndyMoggexceptonpages3and218courtesyofKravMagaWordwide,Inc.;pages331–
71©DominicDiSaiaModels:TinaAngelotti,JarrettArthur,OtisBerry,KellyAnnCampbell,PawelCichowlas,KirianFitzgibbons,JeffFredericksen,RyanHoover,ChristopherHunt,JeanineJackson,GabrielKhorramian,DarrenLevine,KevinLewis,KokushiMatsumoto,EricPowell,MatthewRomond,JessenSanLuis,JohnWhitmanDistributedbyPublishersGroupWestPleaseNote:Thisbookhasbeenwrittenandpublishedstrictlyforinformationalpurposes,andinnowayshouldbeusedasasubstituteforactualinstructionwithqualifiedprofessionals.Theauthorandpublisherareprovidingyouwithinformationinthisworksothatyoucanhavetheknowledgeandcanchoose,atyourownrisk,toactonthatknowledge.Theauthorandpublisheralsourgeallreaderstobeawareoftheirhealthstatusandtoconsulthealthcareprofessionalsbeforebeginninganyhealthprogram.
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TableofContentsForewordbyBasRuttenWhatIsKravMaga
TheRootsoftheSystemAnApproachBasedonPrinciplesKravMagaPrinciplesAppliedtoBusinessandLifeHowtoUseThisBook
YELLOWBELTFundamentalsCombativesDefensesSelf-DefenseSelf-DefenseSoftTechniquesGroundfighting
ORANGEBELTCombativesDefensesSelf-DefenseFallsGroundfighting
GREENBELTCombativesDefensesFallsandRollsSelf-Defense
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Groundfighting
BLUEBELTCombativesDefensesStickDefensesKickDefensesGunDefensesCavaliersGroundfightingTakedowns
BROWNBELTCombativesThrowsSelf-DefenseKnifeDefensesKnifeDefensesKnifeDefensesShotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefensesHandgunDefenses
BONUSBLACKBELTTECHNIQUESHandgunThreatsEdged-WeaponThreats
ABOUTTHECONTRIBUTORS
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Foreword
BYBASRUTTEN
Heyeverybody,listenup:ThisisElGuapospeaking—BasRutten,formerUFCheavyweightchampion,three-timeKingofPancrase,andnowspokespersonfortheInternationalFightLeague.Ifyou’veeverseenmyfightsortrainedwithmeinmixedmartialarts,youknowthatIonlyteachtechniquesthatworkinthering.Thesameistrueforthestreet—Ibelieveinonlydoingthingsthatwork.
KravMagaworks.Iknowitdoes,becausetheverydayImetoneofKravMagaWorldwide’sinstructors,AmirPerets,heloadedapelletgunandtoldmetoputtheguntohischest.Hesaid,“Ifyouseememove,youpullthetrigger.”ThenextthingIknew,hehadtheguninhishand—andherepeateditsixmoretimes.Itwasincredibletoobserve,anditwassimpletodo.
AmirlaterintroducedmetoDarrenLevine,oneoftheauthorsofthisbook.DarrentrainedinIsraelwithImiLichtenfeld,thecreatorofKravMaga.ImipersonallyaskedDarrentobetheU.S.chiefinstructor.IfyouheardofKravMagaatallbeforepickingupthisbook,itwasmostlikelybecauseoftheeffortsofDarrenandtheorganizationheputtogether.
DarrenandIhititoffrightaway,becausehethinksaboutfightingandself-defensethesamewayIthinkaboutfightinginthering.Ofcourse,he’snotasgood-lookingasIam,butyoucan’thaveeverything!
Darrentoldmeagreatdealaboutthesystemtaughtbyhisorganization,KravMagaWorldwide,andIadmitIwasinitiallyquiteimpressed.Thesystemissimpleandeasytolearn.Youdon’thavetobeamixedmartialartschampiontoperformitstechniques.ButwhatIlikemostaboutKravMagaisthatithasalltheanswers.Infact,IgainedsomuchrespectforbothDarrenandKravMagathatIattendedamartialartstradeshowwithhimin1999.Hewasthekeynotespeaker,andonceIheardhimtalk,Ibecameevenmoreimpressed.DarrenhastheabilitytoexplaintheKravMagasystemsothatitisbotheasytounderstandandobvious.
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DarrenLevineisoneofthebestinstructorsIhaveeverseen—maybethebest—and,believeme,Ihaveseenalotofthem!Hespecializesin“defenseagainstarmedattackersandmultiplearmedattackers,”“hand-to-handcombatwithoutweapons,”“streetself-defenseforcivilians,”andthelistgoesonandon.ThefactthathealsoteachesSpecialOpstroops,FBI,elitecounterterrorismunits,federallawagencies,andmanymore,speaksvolumesabouthisqualities.EvenprofessionalfighterslikemecanlearnalotfromDarren.He’sethical,professional,andresponsible.YoucantellthatIamveryimpressedwithhim,can’tyou?
KravMagaisagreatsystem,Darrenisagreatteacher,andyou’llfindthistobeagreatbook.
BasRuttenThousandOaks,California
June2007
Inthefallof2000,ateenagegirlnamedWendy(hernamehasbeenchangedtoprotectheridentity)wasridingonabuswithherchurchband.Thebusstoppedatamall,andWendygotouttousetherestroom.Asisthecaseinmanymalls,thepublicbathroomwaslocatedfarfromregularfoottraffic,throughasteeldooranddownalonelyhallway.Wendywalkeddownthiscorridorandfoundtherestroom.Assheexitedtheroomintothelonghallway,amangrabbedherfrombehind,hishugearmswrappingaroundherbody.Beforeshecouldeventhink,Wendytwistedinplace,sendingbackoneelbowandthentheother,strikinghimintheface.Startled,herattackerletgo.Wendyspunaroundand,asbloodpouredfromherattacker’snose,shepunchedhimonemoretimeandthenran.
Wendywasn’tjustamemberofherchurchband.ShewasalsoastudentofKravMaga.
•••
ThisisthestoryofaDenverPoliceDepartmentofficer.Onhisowninitiative,heappearedatoneofKravMagaWorldwide’sLawEnforcementTrainingcoursesinDenvertogiveatestimonialtotheofficerswhoweretraining.Whatfollowsishisstory,toldinhisownwords:
Inthespringof2005,Iwasdoingtrafficenforcementandpulledover
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adrunkdriver.Theguywastotallyuncooperativeanddrunk,cussing,sayinghe’snotgoingtogetoutofthecar.Iopenedthedriverdoorandusedatwistlocktogetthesuspectoutofthecar.Asheexitedthecar,Ifeltthesuspectstarttospinonmeandsawhimmakingapunchingmovementtowardsmyhead.IhadjustgonethroughaKravMagaedged-weaponinstructorcoursesoIblockedwhatIthoughtwasapunchandusedanelbowstriketohisheadasacounterattack.Iheardsomethingmetalhitthegroundandsawalargefoldingknifelyingnexttous.Iimmediatelyfollowedupwithkneestrikesandthesuspectcollapsedtotheground.WhenItookthesuspecttojailtobookhim,wenoticedthathehadlargescarsandcutmarksacrosshischestintheshapeofX’s.Iaskedhimwherehegotthosescarsandthesuspectsaidthathehadbeeninalotofknifefights.Whenweranhisrapsheet,wefoundhehadbeenarrested17timesandmostofthemforADW(“assaultwithadeadlyweapon”)withaknife.Thisguywasaknifefighter.
IhaveabackgroundinThaiboxing,jeetkunedo,andmixedmartialarts.AlthoughIlikedKravMaga,IthoughtIwouldusesomethingelseinthefield.ButKravMagacameoutofmesonaturallythatIdidn’teventhinkaboutwhatIwasdoingandIneversawtheknife,onlythepunch.IamtotallysoldonKMandyoushouldtakethetrainingseriously.
Thesearejusttwoofthereal-lifestoriesandtestimonialsfrompeoplewhohavesavedtheirlivesusingKravMagaastaughtbyourcompany,KravMagaWorldwide.Somearelawenforcementofficers,somearemilitarypersonnel,andothersarecivilians.Theycomefrommanywalksoflifeandrepresentalllevelsofexperienceandphysicalfitness.Thesepeoplesharejustonethingincommon:TheyalltraininKravMaga.
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WhatIsKravMaga?
KravMaga(pronouncedKRAHVmuh-GAH,whichmeans“contactcombat”inHebrew)isasimple,aggressive,easy-to-learnandeasy-to-remembersystemofself-defense.KravMagatrainingfocusesonprinciplesratherthantechniquesbecausenotwoattacksareeverthesame.Notwopeoplearethesame.And,infact,thesamepersonconfrontedwithacertainthreatwillreactdifferentlyonedaycomparedtoanotherday.
TheessenceofKravMagacanbeunderstoodbydefiningsomeoftheseprinciples.AmongtheprinciplesthatmakeuptheKravMagasystemarethefollowing:
• Techniquesshouldbemovementsbasedonnaturalinstincts.
• Techniquesmustaddresstheimmediatedanger.
• Techniquesmustdefendandcounterattacksimultaneously.
• Onedefensemustworkagainstavarietyofattacks.
• Thesystemshouldbeintegratedsothatmovementslearnedinoneareaofthesystemcomplement,ratherthancontradict,movementsinanotherarea.
• Techniquesmustbeaccessibletotheaverageperson,notjustathletes.
• Techniquesmustworkfromapositionofdisadvantage.
• Trainingmustincludethestressexperiencedinrealattacks.
Theseprinciplesguideourtrainingandourassessmentoftechniques.Whenwefindaweaknessinatechnique,orwhenavariationisconsidered,weaskquestionsbasedontheseguidelines.Forinstance,ifaninstructorsuggestsachangeinatechnique,wedon’ttestitwithourbestathletes,wegotosomeofourleast-athleticstudentsandseeiftheycanperformthenewtechnique(principle:techniquesmustbeaccessibletotheaverageperson).
Whenjudgingadefensivetechnique,wemeasureitseffectivenessbyhowwellitworksifwearelate(principle:techniquesmustworkfromapositionofdisadvantage).Ifthetechniqueonlyworkswhenweareearlyorprepared,then
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disadvantage).Ifthetechniqueonlyworkswhenweareearlyorprepared,thenwelookforsomethingbetter.
WewereworkingonsomedefensivetacticswithlawenforcementofficersfromtheAzusa,California,policedepartment,matchingKravMaga’stechniqueswithsomeoftheiralready-establishedteamtacticsduringroomentries.Ourfavoritemomentinthetrainingprogramwaswhenwefoundaproblemmatchingoneofourweapon-retentiontechniquestotheirofficer’spositionduringtheentry.Asweexploredasolution,oneoftheofficerssuggestedaparticulartypeoffootworkthatwasdifferentthananythingelsewehadshown.Theotherofficerimmediatelyreplied,“No,thatwouldbetheonlytimewe’dhaveourguysstepthatway.Eitherhe’dneverdoitbecauseitwassodifferent,ordoingitwouldmessuptherestofhistraining.”
ThatofficerunderstoodKravMaga.
KravMagaIsNotaMartialArtOnethingtokeepinmindasyoureadthisbookisthatKravMagaisnotatraditionalmartialart—infact,wedon’tusetheterm“martialart”atall.Traditionalmartialartstendtoberigid,dogmatic,andfocusedonmaintainingtraditionshandeddownfrompastmasters.Inaddition,dependingontheart,thereisanemphasisoneleganceofmovementandminutiaofdetail.KravMagatriestoavoidallthesethings.Themajorityofmartialartssystemsalsotendtobecometrappedinasports-orientedmentality,establishingrulesthatlimitthefighters.
Evenmixedmartialartsfighters,manyofwhomareourfriendsandwhomwerespectimmensely,fightinacontrolledenvironmentwithrestrictionsonwhattheycanandcannotdo.
Someveryeffectivesystemscanalsofallintothesports-orientedtrap.Forinstance,Brazilianjiujitsu(BJJ)isanextremelyeffectivesystem.AnyoneinterestedinbecominghighlyproficientatgroundfightingshouldabsolutelyspendtimetrainingwithoneofthemanyBrazilianjiujitsuinstructorsavailablearoundtheworld.However,manyschoolsteachBJJasasport:nostriking,nobiting,noeye-gouging,andnoemphasisongettingupandawayfromdanger.Thetruthis,theselimitationsarenecessaryinorderforbeginnerstopracticethetechniques(it’shardtopracticeatrianglechokeifyourpartnerisbitingyourthigh),butifyouneveraddtheotherelementsofastreetfight,youaretraininginasport,notinself-defense.
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inasport,notinself-defense.
ThisiswhereKravMagaisdifferent.Wecertainlycreatetrainingdrillsandtrainingmethodsthatlimitstudentoptions…butweconstantly(ourstudentsmightsayobsessively!)remindthemthattheyshouldnotbefightingbytherules.Forexample,theyshouldlooktodisengageandrunaway,orfindanobjecttouseasaweapon.Wehavenointerestinprovingtoourselvesortheattackerthatwecandoaparticulartechnique.Ouronlyinterestisingoinghomesafely.
KravMagaisheavyonthe“martial”andnotmuchintothe“art.”Wearen’talwayspretty,butwegetthejobdone.WeprefertodescribeKravMagaasa“defensivetacticssystem”—atacticalandlogicallysoundapproachtodealingwithviolentconfrontations.
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TheRootsoftheSystem
ImiLichtenfeld,thefounderofKravMaga.
ThefounderofKravMaga,ImiLichtenfeld,wasbornin1910inHungary,butgrewupinBratislava,Czechoslovakia.Anaturalathlete,ImiwontheSlovakianYouthWrestlingChampionshipin1928,andayearlaterwontheadultchampionshipinthewelterweightdivision.Thatsameyear,hewonboththenationalboxingchampionshipandaninternationalgymnasticschampionship.Forthenextdecade,heearnedaplaceasoneofthepremierwrestlersinEurope.However,Imi’sgreatestinfluencewashisfather,Samuel,apoliceofficerandself-defenseinstructor.Samuelstartedasacircusacrobatandwrestler,butlaterenteredthepolicedepartmentandservedfor30yearsaschiefdetectiveinspector.Hebecamewell-knownforhisimpressivearrestrecord,particularlyhiscaptureofdangerouscriminals.
Whennotonthetrailofviolentfelons,Samueltaughtself-defensetechniquesat
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Whennotonthetrailofviolentfelons,Samueltaughtself-defensetechniquesatHercules,Bratislava’sfirstgym,whichheowned.Intraining,Samuelconstantlyemphasizedtheneedforpropermoralconductindealingwiththepublicandwithsuspects.
Inthe1930s,ImihonedhisfightingskillsinthestreetsofBratislava,protectinghimselfandotherJewsfromlocalfascistthugs.Hetookpartinnumerousfightstopreventanti-SemiticmobsfromterrorizingtheJewishcommunityinthecity.ThesefightssharpenedImi’sawarenessofthedifferencebetweensportandstreetfighting.ItwasatthistimethattheseedsofKravMagawereplantedinhismind.
Bythelate1930s,AdolphHitler’sNaziGermanyhadturnedEuropeintoabattlefieldandmadeitaperilousplaceforJews.Imi’sfightstoprotecthisfamilyandneighborsfromanti-Semitismrapidlymadehimunpopularwiththelocalauthorities,andhewasforcedtoleavein1940.
Afterseveralyearsoftravel,hearrivedinIsrael,whichwasthencalledPalestine.HejoinedtheHaganah,aparamilitaryorganizationfightingforJewishindependence.Duringthistimehetaughtothersoldiersbasichand-to-handfightingskills,andhisreputationgrew.
In1948,theStateofIsraelwasborn.ThefledglingIsraeligovernmentaskedImitodevelopaneffectivefightingsystem,whichlaterbecamecodifiedastheKravMagasystem.TheHaganahwaseventuallyincorporatedintotheIsraeliDefenseForce(IDF),andImibecamethemilitaryschool’schiefinstructorforphysicaltrainingandKravMaga.
ThishistoryofImiandIsraelisimportantforanyoneinterestedinunderstandingthenatureofKravMagatraining.Fromthemomentitwasborn,theStateofIsraelwasatwarwithitsneighbors.Israelneededtofieldanarmyimmediately,sendingsoldiersintobattlewithminimaltrainingandnotimeforretrainingorrefreshercourses.Forthisreason,combattechniqueshadtobeeasytolearnandeasytorememberunderstress,evenifthesoldierhadnothadtraininginasignificantamountoftime.Inaddition,theIDFwassendingintobattlesoldiersofallagesandabilities,from18-year-oldwarriorsto40-year-oldfarmers.Thecombatsystemhadtobeaccessibletoawidevarietyofsoldiers,notjustathletesintheirprime.
Imi’ssolutionwastobasetheself-defenseportionofhiscombattechniquesonthebody’snaturalinstincts.Insteadofdecidingwhathewantedthesoldiertodo,
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thebody’snaturalinstincts.Insteadofdecidingwhathewantedthesoldiertodo,hestartedbyobservinghowtheirbodiesreactedunderstress,andusedthoseinstinctivereactionsasthebuildingblocksforhisself-defensesystem.Thisapproachguaranteesthatthemechanicsofthesystemstayclosetothebody’snaturalmovements.Justasimportantly,theapproachreducesreactiontime,especiallyunderstress,sincethetechniquesareclosetothebody’sinnateresponsetostress.
AnotherelementImiaddedtoKravMagawasaggressiveness.ThisattitudewasalsoborneoutofIsrael’spredicamentfollowingitsestablishment.Warisalwaysbloodyandbrutal,butthroughouthistorymanywarshaveendedwithsomesortofagreement:thewinnerandlosersignatreaty,andtheloseroftensurvivesinsomefashion.ThedeclaredgoalofIsrael’senemieswastowipeitoffthefaceoftheearth.Forthisreason,Israelbelievedthatitcouldneverloseawar:losingmeantitwouldceasetoexist.Inresponse,Israeltreatedeverybattle,everywar,likeafightforsurvival.Thisattitudepermeatedallaspectsofitstraining,includingthehand-to-handcombat.KravMagareactsaggressivelytoviolentattacks,movingimmediatelytoneutralizetheattacker.Wealsotrainwitha“neverquit”spiritbecause(againlookingbacktothesystem’shistory)theresultsofquittingcanbedevastatingtous.
KravMagaintheUnitedStatesInthe1960s,withmilitaryapproval,ImibeganteachingKravMagatociviliansinIsrael.In1981,theKravMagaAssociationofIsraelandtheMinistryofEducationheldthefirstInternationalInstructor’sCourseatWingateInstituteforPhysicalEducation.AgenerousphilanthropistfromNewYork,S.DanielAbraham,sponsoredadelegationof23membersfromvariouscitiesintheUnitedStatestoattend.ThecoursewassupervisedbyImi,then71andretiredfromhismilitarycareer,andtaughtbyKravMagaleadinstructorsShikeBarak,EyalYanilov,andRuevinMoimon.DarrenLevinewasselectedasoneofthedelegatesbecauseofhismartialartsandboxingbackground,aswellashisinvolvementinthephysicaleducationprogramatHeschelDaySchoolnearL.A.
Thecoursewasasix-weekintensivecoursethatinvolvedovereighthoursoftrainingperday,sixdaysperweek.Thecoursewasexhausting,andbytheendonlyafewpeoplepassed.Darrenwasoneofthem.
Duringthecourse,ImiandDarrenbecamefriends,andImipromisedDarrenthathewouldvisithimintheUnitedStates.Truetohisword,inthesummerof1982
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hewouldvisithimintheUnitedStates.Truetohisword,inthesummerof1982ImitraveledtoLosAngelesandlivedwithDarrenandhisfamilywhileteachingDarrenmoreaboutKravMaga.
DarrentellsastoryaboutImi’svisit,astorythathealsotoldwhiledeliveringaeulogyatImi’sfuneralin1998.
WhenImicametovisitme,IhadjustboughtanewsportscarandIwasreallyexcitedtoshowittohim.Iwasreallyproudofthatcar.ButwhenImigotinthecar,hestartedshiftingandfidgetingaround,reachingoverhisshoulder.Helookedunhappy.Finally,Iaskedhimwhatwaswrong.Hesaid,“Thiscarisn’tgood.Theseatbelt,it’stoofarback.Ican’treachitwithmyrighthand.Ican’treachitwithmylefthand.I’malazyone.Itneedstobeeasy,orpeoplewon’tweartheirseatbelt.It’snotsafe.”
Atthetime,Iwasjustdisappointed.Iwantedhimtobeimpressedwithmycar.ButlaterIrealizedthathelookedatthatseatbeltthesamewayhelookedateverything.Ithadtobesimple,effective,orpeoplewouldn’tbeabletodoit.ThatwasKravMaga.
Darren’strainingcontinued,andin1984hereceivedhisfullinstructor’sdegreefromWingateInstitute.Thatyear,ImigaveDarrenhisownpersonalblackbelt.Yearslater,ImiwouldawardDarrenwithaFounder’sDiploma,oneofonlytwoImigavebeforehisdeath.DarrenandhiscolleagueshadalreadyformedtheKravMagaAssociationofAmerica,andthegrowthofKravMagaintheUnitedStateshadbegun.
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KravMagaforLawEnforcementIn1987,DarrenandhistopstudentsbeganteachingKravMagatolawenforcementintheUnitedStates.UnderImi’sguidance,DarrenadaptedKravMagatotheneedsofU.S.lawenforcementandmilitarypersonnel.ThefirstagencytoadoptKravMagaintoitsforcetrainingcurriculumwastheIllinoisStatePolice.WhenDarrentaughtthem,Imi,then77,flewoutfromIsraeltoattend.
Sincethattime,KravMaga’sinvolvementwithlawenforcementhasgrownrapidly.KravMagaWorldwide(ourcompany,whichreceivedamasterlicensefromtheKravMagaAssociationofAmerica)nowtrainsover400lawenforcementagenciesatthefederal,state,andlocallevels.
Inmanyways,lawenforcementagenciessharethesameneedsthattheIsraelimilitaryfeltafteritsbirth:limitedtrainingtime,limitedopportunitiesforretraining,andawidevarietyinofficerabilities.KravMagaistheobviousanswerforthem.
Someindividuals,knowinghowaggressiveKravMagacanbe,raiseaneyebrowwhentheyhearthatweteachlawenforcementofficers.Afterall,lawenforcementworkisdifferentfrommilitarywork:waristokillorbekilled,butwedemandmorerestraintfrompoliceofficers.Weagreewiththissentimentcompletely,andweincludeuse-of-forceeducationandescalation/de-escalationdrillsinallourlawenforcementtraining.
Havingsaidthat,wehavealsodiscoveredaninterestingaspectofKravMaga’saggressiveapproach.Becausewetrainofficerstogofromanon-aggressivetoaggressivestateimmediately,theyusuallyneutralizeaviolentsubjectveryquickly.Themorequicklythesubjectisneutralized,thelessofafightthereis.Lessfightequalslessdamage.Theresult:Agenciesoftenfindthatuse-of-forcecomplaintsdecreaseoncetheyadoptKravMagatraining.
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AnApproachBasedonPrinciples
Aswediscussedearlier,theKravMagaself-defensesystemisbasedonprinciples.Wedohavespecifictechniques,ofcourse,butstudentsshouldnevermistakethetechniquefortheabsolutetruth.Whenlookingatthetechniquesinthisbook,keepthisinmind:Thetechniqueisthebeginningofyourunderstandingofself-defense,nottheend.Forexample,hereyouseeadefenseagainstabearhug.Thedefendercreatesleverageontheattacker’sneckbyreachingaroundwithherfar-sidehand,catchinghisfaceandhisnose,andpeelingorrollinghischinoffherchest.
Thisisanexcellenttechnique…butitisonlyanexampleoftheprinciple.Youcanperformasimilartechniquebyusingthenear-sidehandanddigging/pushingagainsttheattacker’snoseandeyes.Isonetechniquebetterthantheother?No!Inonesituationthefirstmaybebetter,inasecondsituationthesecondmaygivebetterresults.Thepointisthatyoumustnotmistakethetechniquefortheprinciple.Thetechnique(asshown)istoreacharoundwithyourarm…buttheprincipleistocreateleverageontheneck.
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Tinadefendsagainstabearhug.
Asinstructors,weknowthatwemuststartwithactualtechniques.Ifwegivestudentsabstractprinciples,theywillhavenowheretobegintheirtraining.Thiswouldbelikepluckingthestringsofaguitar,describingmusictheory,andthenhandingtheinstrumenttoanewstudentandaskinghimtofigureoutasongforhimself.Hewouldfeellost.Instead,weteachhimthenotes,wehelphimbuildsimplesongsandchords,andsoonheunderstandsthatthevariationsofthosenotesandchordsarenearlylimitless.Soitiswithdefensivetactics:Westartwithabasicstructuresothatinformationcanbedeliveredeffectively.Bytheendofhistraining,thestudentwillbeabletograspthetheoryandmakehisownmusic.
FewerTechniquesThatSolveMoreProblemsOurapproachhasalwaysbeentofindonegeneralmovementthatdealswithasmanyvariationsintheattackaspossible.Itisabsolutelyimpossibletocreateoneuniquedefenseagainsteverypossibletypeofattack.Lifejustdoesn’tworkthatway.Ifweteachyou300defensesagainst300attacks,you’llputthisbookdown,gooutside,andbeassaultedbyattackNo.301.
Instead,wetrytocreateonemovementthataddressesasmanyvariationsaspossible(usingprinciplesasdiscussedearlier).Thisyieldsasimpler,morerefinedsystemthatiseasiertorecallunderstress.Thesimplerthesystem,themoredecisiveyouractionswillbebecauseyouwillnotbeconfusedbyoptions.
Thereisawell-knowntheoryinthestudyofhumanmovementandreactionknownasHick’sLawortheHick-HymanLaw.Essentially,thislawstatesthatthemorechoicesahumanbeinghastoaparticularstimulus,thelongerhisoverallresponsetimewillbe.Extendedresponsetimesareabadthinginself-defensesituations.Therefore,wewanttoreduceoverallresponsetime.Therearetwowaystodothis:a)trainmoreandb)simplifythesystem.
Thereiscertainlynothingwrongwithtrainingmore.Themoreyoutrain,thebetteryouwillbe.However,KravMagaisdesignedforthosewhocannottrainmore,andevenifyoudohavetimetotrain,youwillstillbenefitfromarefined,
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more,andevenifyoudohavetimetotrain,youwillstillbenefitfromarefined,efficientsystem.
Oursystemisbuilttoreduceyouroptionssothatyoudonothesitateunderstress.Whenpresentedwithalife-threateningsituation,youshouldreactdecisivelyandaggressively,determinedtoneutralizethethreatsothatyouandyourlovedonesaresafe.
Evenifyoutrainenoughtoovercomethehesitation-due-to-optionsissue,thereisanotherreasontosimplifyyourchoices:stress.Simplyput,stressreducesperformance.Increasedtrainingcanreducetheimpactofstress,butrarelydoesthatimpactfalltozero.
Hereisasimpleexampleoftheimpactstresshasonyourperformance.Imaginethatwelaidalongpieceofwood,a2×4,onthegroundinfrontofyou,thenaskedyoutowalkacrossitwithouttouchingtheground.Couldyoudoit?Ofcourseyoucould!
Next,welaythesamewoodenplankacrossthegapbetweentwotallbuildings.Couldyouwalkacrossitthen?Whynot?Thewoodenplankisstrongenoughtosupportyou.Gravityisalwaysconstant,soyouarenotbeingpulleddownanyharder.Whycan’tyoudoit?
Theanswerissimple:stress.Theconsequencesoffallingarenowmuchgreater.Yourheartrategoesup,adrenalinefloodsyourbody,youbegintoperspire,yourmusclestighten.Theseandotherphysicalandmentalresponsescombinetoimpairyourperformance.
Again,trainingtimereducestheimpactofstress,butrarelybringsittozero.Andsinceyouwillonlyneedself-defensetechniqueswhenyouareunderstress,aneffectiveself-defensesystemseekstosimplifythephysicalmovementsandthedecisionmakingsothatyoucanperformaswellaspossible.
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ExamplesofStressTrainingThisbookdeliversasignificantamountofinformationaboutthetechniquesandprinciplesofKravMagabut,byitsnature,thebookcannotsimulateKravMagatraining.Realtraininginvolvescreativestressdrillsandapplyingthetechniquesandprinciplesundervarioustypesofpressure.Fromourperspective,notechniqueorresponseisreallylearneduntilit’stestedindynamicsituations.
Westronglyrecommendthatyouperformstressdrillsunderthesupervisionofatrainedinstructor.KravMagainstructorscertifiedbyKravMagaWorldwideandtheKravMagaAssociationofAmericagothroughanintensetrainingprogramthatincludeslecturesanddiscussionsonphysiologyandsportskinesiology.Inaddition,theyattendlecturesspecificallyonsafetyintrainingandcreatingtrainingdrillssothatthedrillstheyofferarebothproductiveandsafe.Ultimately,allthetrainingyoudoisatyourownrisk;however,participatingintrainingdrillsunderthesupervisionofacertifiedinstructorwillgiveyouthehighestmeasuresofbothsafetyandintensity.
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Sometrainingdrillscanbebothsimpleandeffective.Onceyou’velearneddefensesfromtwodifferenttypesofchokes,simplycloseyoureyes,standpassively,andwaitforyourpartnertoattackyouwitheitherofthosechokes.Onceyoufeeltheattack,openyoureyes,realizewhichattackiscoming,andreactimmediatelyandappropriately.Thisisthesimplestversionofastressdrill,andit’squiteeffective.
Moreintenseversionsofthesedrillsincludedistractionsanddisturbances.Hereisanexampleinvolvingonedefender,threepeoplewithlargepads,andoneattacker.Thepadholdersbegintohitandpushthedefender,whocancoverhimselfbutcannotattackthepads.Heallowshimselftobejostledaroundsothathisbalanceandvisionareimpaired.Atanytime,theattackercangrabthedefenderwithanyattack(limitedtothoseattacksthedefenderhaslearnedtodealwith).Thedefendermustreactimmediately.Thepadholdersthenimmediatelygobacktodisturbingthedefender.
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Here’savariationofthedrillabove,featuringonedefender,twopeoplewithlargepads,andoneattacker.Notethatthisversionallowsthedefendertoworkonatleastonespecificstrike,andisdesignedtoexhaustthedefenderandaddgroundfightingaswell:Thedefenderbeginstostrikeonepadwithpunches,elbows,knees,etc.Theotherpadholdersmacksthedefenderwithhispad,atwhichpointthedefenderpivotswithahammerfist(you’lllearnthatinthisbook)andcontinueswithstrikes.Thiscontinues.Atanypoint,theattackerclosesin,catchesthedefenderfrombehind,takeshimdown,andgetsontopinafullmount.Thedefendermustreversetheposition,getbackup,andcontinuetostrikethepads.(Note:Topreventinjury,thedefenderallowstheattackertotakehimdown—amoreintenseversionoftheexerciseinvolvesthedefenderattemptingtopreventthetakedown,butthisrequiresgreaterskillonthepartsofbothattackeranddefendertoavoidinjury.)Thisdrillisexhausting!
Wehavehundredsofsuchdrillsthatallowourstudentstolearnhowtoapplythetechniquesthey’velearned.Itistheonlywaytotrulyprepareforaviolentencounteronthestreet.
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KravMagaPrinciplesAppliedtoBusinessandLife
Justtoreiterate:KravMagaisn’tamartialart—it’saproblem-solvingsystem.KravMagaisthelogicalapplicationofafewbasicprinciplestoidentifyaproblemandfindasolution.Inourcase,ofcourse,thatproblemgenerallyinvolvesbadpeopletryingtocommitviolentactsagainstus.Buttherearebroaderapplicationsforthisproblem-solvingsystem.
Oneofthetwoauthorsofthisbook,DarrenLevine,isnotonlytheU.S.chiefinstructorforKravMaga,heisalsoadeputydistrictattorneyforLosAngelesCounty.DarrenisaleadprosecutoronaneliteunitcalledCrimesAgainstPeaceOfficersSection(C.A.P.O.S.)thatprosecutesviolentcrimesagainstandmurdersofpoliceofficers.In2002,DarrenwasnamedL.A.CountyDeputyDistrictAttorneyoftheYearbytheAssociationofDeputyDistrictAttorneys,andin2004hewasnamedCo-ProsecutoroftheYearbytheNationalDistrictAttorney’sAssociation.Hehasprosecutedtheworstoftheworst:violentcriminalswhohavelittleornoregardfortherestofsociety.Hehasbeenresponsiblefortheconvictionofsevenmurderersofpoliceofficers(oneofthehighestinthecountry).Andtodatehehasa100-percentconvictionrate.
DarrenattributesasignificantpartofhissuccesstohisKravMagatraining.Thelogicalapproachtoproblem-solvinginherentinKravMagaadaptsitselfsmoothlytootherareasoflife.Oneofthemostdirectapplicationsistotheworkenvironment.Whetheryouworkforthebossoryouaretheboss,someofKravMaga’scoreprinciplesofferlessonsyoucantransferdirectlyfromthemattotheoffice.Hereareafewexamples:
Identifytheimmediatedanger.KravMagainsistsonrespondingtotheimmediatethreatinapracticalway.Absorbingthismethod,youcandevelopthehabitofidentifyingtheactualproblem,ratherthanbeingdistractedbyancillaryissues.Howmanyofushaveseenaproblematworkgrowbecause,insteadofdealingwithitheadon,weorourcolleagueshaveworkedaroundtheissue?KravMagabyitsnatureeschewsthissortofprocrastination.Byconstantly
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askingourselvesandourstudents“Whatistherealdanger?”weteachourselvestolookattheoverallissuetodiscoverthesource.
Operateunderstress.Creatingamethodologythatcanhandlestressmeansmorethanjust“suckingitup”or“dealingwithit.”Addressingstresswithnothingmorethanstressmanagementseminarsislikegivingbandagestoahemophiliac—youarebetteroffinstructingthemhownottocutthemselves.KravMaganotonlyteachespeopletofunctionunderstress,thesystemisdesignedtobeusableduringstressfulsituations.Infact,themajorityofourtechniquesworkbetterwhenthedefenderisunderstress.Thisapproachtoproblemsolvingunderscoresaneedinbusiness—youmustdevelopsystemswherebystresstriggersastreamliningprocess:Thingsshouldmovebetterandfaster.Yourbusinessmodelshouldbeliketheairfoilonaracecar—thefasteryoudrive,themoretheairfoilpushesdownonthecar,makingitgoevenfaster.
Don’ttradeonedangerforanother.KravMagaemphasizessimplereactionsthateliminateimmediatethreatswithoutexposingthedefendertoadditionaldangers.KravMaga’sproblem-solvingprocessfindsmethodsforreactingefficientlytoattackswhileimprovingourposition.Thetactictranslatesdirectlytothebusinessworld:Whensolvingaproblem,lookbeforeyouleap—anticipatewhereyou’llenduponceyou’vemadethemoveyou’recontemplating.
Wehaveafavoritestorythatillustratestheneedforaccurateproblemsolving.AconsultingteamwashiredtodoanalysisforaFortune500companythatwantedtocutspending.Oneoftheareastheconsultantteamfocusedonwasanannualreportthecompanyproducedeachyearincompliancewithagovernmentregulation.Thecompanywasspendingroughly$400,000peryeartogeneratethereportinordertoavoidagovernmentfine,andtheyaskedtheconsultantstofindawaytoreducetheexpenseofcreatingthereport.Afternearlyamonthoffrustrating,nickel-and-dimeeffort,oneoftheconsultantsfinallyaskedhowmuchthegovernmentfinewouldbe.Theanswer:$10,000.Thecompanywasspending$400,000tocreateareportinordertoavoidafineof$10,000.Thecompany’sinitialrequestforcostsavingwasacaseofmistakenthreatassessment.Itwasanactionthatremovedadanger,butdidsobycreatinganevenmoreexpensiveone.
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Alwaysdefendandcounterattacksimultaneously.Youmustbeabletogofromadefensivetoanoffensivemindset.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouhavetobeoverlyaggressive.Youdon’tneedtobeawarriortobeinbusiness,butyoudohavetohaveawarrior’s“cando”attitude.KravMagatrainingencouragespeopletoattackproblemsrightaway,toeliminateimmediatedangersbecausetheyarelifethreatening.Inbusiness,thisattitudepreventsprocrastination.Recognitionofdangerleadstoanimmediateresponse.DelaysinactionarealientoKravMagatraining.Responsesareappropriateandmeasured,buttheyareswift.
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Techniquesmustbeaccessibletotheaverageperson,notjustathletes—thisisjustafancywayofsaying“keepitsimple.”Whateversystemsyouimplementinyourbusinessshouldbeeasytounderstand.Eveniftheknowledgeorskillsrequiredforyourbusinessarehighlyspecialized,thesystemsyouemployshouldbestraightforward.Themoreconvolutedtheyare,themorelikelytheemployeeswillbetoerr,especiallyduringstressfulsituations.
Inadditiontotheprinciplesabove,whichwerementionedearlier,thereareadditionaltrainingapproachesthatapplytotheworkingworld.Hereareafew.
OvercomingObstacles.Inanyaltercation,youareactuallyintwofights:onewiththeopponentandonewithyourself.Whenstressed,exhausted,orinpain,manypeoplefeelthedesiretoshutdown.Asdiscussed,KravMagatrainingmethodsincludedozensofdrillsthatteachindividualsandgroupstoovercomeobstaclesandcontinuedespitefatigue.Ourtrainingcreatesinyouthehabitofovercomingtheseobstacles—goingover,under,around,orthroughthem—toachieveyourstatedgoal.
AwarenessTraining.Onekeyelementtoself-defenseisavoidingtroublewhenyoucan,whichmeansbeingonthelookoutforpotentialdangers.However,ifyou’reconstantlyinfearofthreatsonthewaytoyourcar,you’llnevergetacrosstheparkinglot.KravMagateachessimplehabitsthatdon’tinterferewithyournormalroutine.Thesehabitstranslatetotheworkplaceintheabilitytomaintainawarenessofpotentialproblemswithoutallowingthemtodistractyoufromyourgoal.Thisawarenessisbothphysical(enhancingperipheralvision,improvingposture,etc.)andmental(creatingastateofmindinwhichthebraintakesnoticeofpeculiarities).
SystemicEfficiency.KravMaga’sbasicthoughtprocessinvolvessimplificationandefficiency.Wewanttocreatethesmallestnumberoftechniquestodealwiththelargestnumberofthreats.ThisshouldbetheaimofeveryCEOintheworld.Corporatefunctionsaremetaphorsforhumanphysiology.Inhumanphysiology,themoresimultaneousstimulithebrainreceives,thesloweritistomakeadecision.Justsowithcorporations:Themoreindividualsordepartmentsareinvolvedinadecision,theslowerthatdecisionwillbe.Whycreatetwelvedepartmentswhenthreewilldo?KravMagateacheshowtoidentifywaste,andhowtoretoolbehaviorsandfunctionssothattheycoverawiderareawithgreaterefficiency.
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TransferofKnowledge.KravMagawasnotconceivedsimplyasalistoftechniques.Becauseitwascreatedinanatmospherewheretimewasoftheessence,thesystemdevelopedaprocessfor“transferofknowledge”sothatinstructorscoulddeliveramassofinformationrapidlyandbringpeopletoahighlevelofproficiencyquickly.Thisapproachappliesequallywellinbusiness,whetherduringapresentationorintrainingnewhires.
TheseareonlyafewexamplesofthelessonsyoucantakefromKravMagatrainingintotheworkingworld.Again,KravMagaisn’tsomesecretmethodforself-improvement.It’sahardcore,practicaldefensive-tacticssystem.ThemoreyouunderstandKravMaga’slogicalapproachtoproblemsolving,themoreyou’llfindyourselfapplyingthiseffectiveapproachtootherareasofyourlife.
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HowtoUseThisBook
ThisbookisavaluableresourcethatwillabsolutelyimproveyourknowledgeofKravMagaandmakeyousafer,butintheenditisonlyabook.Tocompleteyourknowledge,youneedtotaketheinformationcontainedhereandapplyitwithapartner,slowlyatfirstandthenwithincreasingspeedandaggressiveness.Aswenotedearlier,techniquesarethebeginningofyourunderstanding,nottheend.Trythetechniquesasdescribedinthisbookandusetheprinciplestocreatevariationsthatarecomfortableforyourbody.Obviously,youwillgetthegreatestbenefitfromtrainingwithacertifiedinstructor.Ourcertifiedinstructorshavetheknowledgetoteachyouthetechniqueitself,andthenshowyouhowtoapplyitundervaryingdegreesofstress.YoucanfindalistoflocationscertifiedbyKravMagaWorldwideatwww.kravmaga.com.
Alongtheselines,pleaserememberthatabookoffersitsownlimitations.Wecannotdescribeevery“whatif”situationforeverytypeofattack.Ifwedid,thebookwouldbeenormous,expensive,andconfusing.Inmanyofthetechniques,wedescribefollow-upcounterattacksormovements.Theseare,forthemostpart,recommendationsratherthanrequirements.Ifyoufeelthatakneeismoreeffectiveforyouthananelbow,throwtheknee.Or,betteryet,pickupastickandusethat!Ourmessagehereissimple:Ifyoutakeeverywordinhereasgospel,youwillgainknowledge,butitwillberigid.Thatisn’tourpoint.Focusontheprinciplesasmuchasthespecifics.
Ifyouhavepreviousmartialartsexperience,thenweofferyouaproverbfromEasternmartialarts:Inordertofillyourteacup,youmustfirstemptyit.Inotherwords,approachthesetechniqueswithanopenmind.Intheend,youwillprobablyincorporatethoseyoulikeintoyourowncollectionoftechniques.Thisisfinewithus,butpleaserememberthatKravMagaisanintegratedsystemwhosemovementsaredesignedtoworkwitheachother,notnecessarilywithmovementsfromatotallydifferentsystem.
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TheOrganizationofThisBookWehaveorganizedthisbooktomirrorthebelt,orlevel,systemwefollowinourprogram.Whilewedon’twearcoloredbeltsinourclasses,wedousetermssuchas“yellowbelt”and“orangebelt”todescribeeachlevelofthesystembecausethesetermsarefamiliartopeoplewhocomefromthemartialartsworld.Inourschools,you’lloftenhearthesedivisionsreferredtosimplyas“Level1,”“Level2,”etc.Below,we’velistedthebeltcolor,correspondinglevel,andthemainareaofemphasisforeach.
ThenextlevelafterthisisBlackBelt,whichinvolvesadditionalmaterialsuchasthird-partyprotection,hostagescenarios,andmultipleattackers.Becausewecanonlyfitsomuchintoonebook,wehaveelectedtostopthisbookatBrownBelt,orLevel5.Youwillfind,though,thatthismaterialcoversthemostlikelyattacksyouwillseeonthestreet.
ANoteRegardingStance:Throughoutthisbook,wehaveassumedthatthedefenderiseitherinapassivestance,orinaleft-legforwardstance.Wepreferaleft-legforwardstanceforright-handedpeople.Inotherwords,wehaveourstrongsideback.Ourreasonissimple:Mostattackers(especiallywithaweapon)willattackwiththeirrighthand.Wewanttoblockwithourleftandcounterattackwithourstrongestweapon—ourright.Onceyou’vemasteredthesetechniques,youshouldtrythemfromanoppositefightingstance.Werequireallourblack-beltcandidatestoperformeverytechniquefrombothstances—but
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remember,theyaretestingataveryhighlevel.Theaveragepersoninterestedindefendingherselfwillfacearight-handedattackerusinghisrighthandmostoften.Ifyoutrainforthatsituation,theoddsareyouwilllearntodealwiththemostcommonattacks.
Left-legforwardstance.
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SafetyinTrainingYoushouldabsolutelytrythesetechniqueswithapartner.Thisknowledgeisworthnothinguntilyou’vemadeityourown.However,youmustlearntotrainwithacombinationofrealismandsafety.Neverbeafraidtopracticeatechniqueslowly.Keepthisphraseinmind:Slowequalssmoothandsmoothequalsfast.Ofcourse,youdowanttogettotheaggressive,realisticattacksassoonaspossible.Buttrustus,you’llprogressfasterifyoubeginslowlyandsafely.
Forthisreason,starteverytechniqueslowly,withtheattackermakingarealattack,butataslowspeedandwithminimalpower.Forinstance,ifyouwanttotrainagainstachokefromthefront,yourpartnershouldplacehishandsonyourthroatandsqueezegently.Youshouldfeelpressuresothatyoucanidentifythedanger,butthechokeshouldnotbeappliedwithfullpoweruntilmuchlaterinyourtraining.
Asnotedearlier,ifcertifiedinstructorsareavailableinyourarea,westronglyrecommendyoutakeatleastafewlessonswiththem.Notonlycantheyteachyouthetechniques,theycanprovideyouwithsomeprinciplesforsafetrainingthatwillbringyoutoahigherlevelofproficiencyquickly.
Thefollowingareadditionalnotesregardingtrainingtodefendagainstweapons.First,NEVERusearealweapon.Varioustypesoftrainingweaponsareavailable,includingrubberhandguns,metallicbutinerthandguns,andrubberknives.
Handguns:NEVERputyourfingerinthetrigger—ourtechniquesoftencausedamagetothetriggerfinger.
Knives:NEVERstabattheeyes,ALWAYSstabatthechestorneck.Evenarubberknifecandamageaneyeifthedefendermakesamistake.
Sticks:Usepaddedsticksatthebeginningofyourtraining.Ifyoudecidetograduatetowoodenorcomposite-materialbatons,trainslowlyuntilyourtechniqueiscorrect.
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CoauthorJohnWhitman(right)defendsagainstaknifeattackontheattacker’s“liveside.”
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TerminologyThereareafewwordsandphrasesinthisbookthatmightrequiredefinition.Manyofthesephrasesareusedbecausewetrytoavoidtermslike“right”and“left.”“Right”and“left”becomeconfusingforpeoplefightinginaleft-handedstance,andtheysometimesstopthemindfrombeingabletoswitchsides.We’vesurrenderedtocommonusage,ofcourse,andweDOuse“righthand”and“lefthand,”oftenforthesakeofclarity,butwealsousesomeofthetermsbelow.
Liveside:thesideofthebodyfromwhichyoucaneasilylaunchmoreattacks.Standinafightingstancewithyourleftfootforwardandyourhandsup:Yourrightsideisyourliveside.
CoauthorDarrenLevine(right)burstsforwardwithhisfeettotherifleman’s“deadside”tograbtheweapon.
Deadside:thesideofthebodyfromwhichyoucannoteasilylaunchasmany
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attacks.Standinafightingstancewithyourleftfootforwardandyourhandsup:Yourleftsideisyourdeadside.
Insidedefense:anyredirectingdefenseinwhichthedefendinglimbmovesinwardtowardthecenterofthebody.
Outsidedefense:anyredirectingorstoppingdefenseinwhichthedefendinglimbmovesoutwardfromthecenterofthebody.
Insidearmorleg:thistermreferstothelimborbodypartthatisclosertotheattacker;itcanalsoapplytothe“insidehip,”“insidefoot,”etc.
Outsidearmorleg:thistermreferstothelimborbodypartthatisfartherawayfromtheattacker;itcanalsoapplytothe“outsidehip,”“outsidefoot,”etc.
Burst:anyexplosivemovement(usually,forward)ofthefeet.We“burst”inwhenwedogundefenses,stickdefenses,etc.
Guard:agroundpositioninwhichonefighterisonhisbackandtheotherisontopinsidethebottomperson’slegs.Inthiscase,thetoppersonisinthebottomperson’sguard.
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YellowBelt
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YELLOWBELT
OVERVIEW
YellowBeltisthefirststageinlearningourKravMagacurriculum.IfyouattendclassatoneofKravMagaWorldwide’scertifiedschools,youwillstarthereatYellowBelt,or“Level1.”Theaveragetrainingtimeforthislevel(assumingatleasttwotrainingsessionsperweek)isfourmonths.Thecurriculumatthislevelintroducesbasicstrikessuchasstraightpunches,elbows,frontkicks,andknees—themeatandpotatoesofastreetfight.You’llalsolearnhowtodealwithcommonchokesandheadlocks.Inaddition,thetechniqueshereofferaclearrepresentationoftheprinciplesofKravMaga—ideassuchasexplosivemovements,instinct-basedresponses,andsimultaneousdefense-and-counterattack.
Materialintroducedatthislevelincludesthefollowing:
CombativesKravMagadefines“combatives”astheballistictechniquesusedbothinfightingandinself-defense.Thebulkofthesetechniquesinvolvespunches,kicks,elbowstrikes,andknees,butKravMaganeverexcludesothercombativeactionssuchasbitingandscratching.Thinkofcombativesastoolstohelpyouinafight.Theyareanintegralpartofself-defense.Evenifyou’reinterestedinKravMagaonlyforself-defenseandhavenointerestinfighting,youmustlearnbasiccombatives.WhileKravMagaself-defensetechniquesaddressthedanger,combativetechniquesarevitalinordertoeliminatesubsequentthreats.Thecombativetechniquesdescribedherearedesignedtocausesufficientdamagetotheattackerinordertoremovefurtherthreats,whilekeepingyourelativelysafe.
Hammerfistpunchesaremadeusingthemeatypartofthefistasacontactpoint
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(withthepinkysideoutermost,towardyouropponent).Thefististheheadofthehammer,andtheforearmisthehandle.Goodtargetsforhammerfistpunchesincludethenose,throat,temple,andsideofjaw.
Elbowstrikesareusedwhenyouropponentisveryclose.Practiceelbowsinrelationtopunchesbystudyingthedistancecontinuum:punchesareformediumtolongrange,elbowsareforcloserange.Practiceelbowstrikesinsevendirections,asdetailedinthissection.Practicesolo,facingamirror.Practicepivotingtostrikeinanydirection.
Kicksgivegreaterreachandaregenerallymorepowerfulthanpunchesbecausetheyarebothlongerandstronger.Kicksarealsosneakierandaddmoreweaponstoyourarsenal.KravMagaemphasizeslowkicksbecausetheyaremuchmorepracticalforthestreet.Laterinthesystemweaddhighkickstoimproveourathleticability,butwealwayspreferlowkickstothegroinorlegs.Ourmottois:“Ifyouwanttokickhiminthehead,kickhiminthegroinfirst;whenhefallsdown,thenyoucankickhiminthehead!”
Onceyou’recomfortablewiththebasiccombatives,youshouldstartpracticingcombinationsatvariouslevelsandusingvariousstrikes.Kick/punchcombinationsalsointroducetheideaofadistancecontinuum.It’simportanttodevelopasenseofthemostappropriateattackforanygivenrangeasthatdistancechanges(inotherwords,asyoumoveinorout).
DefensesandSelf-DefenseKravMagadefines“self-defense”insimpleterms:Theattackerhascommittedhimselftoanattackwhileyouareunprepared,forcingyoutorespondtoanimmediatethreatfromapositionofdisadvantage.
Whilesuchdefensesas360°DefenseandInsideDefensecouldbeputintotheself-defensecategorywhenusedasreflexreactionsagainstasurprisepunch,ingeneral,theself-defensecategorycoversdefensesagainstchokes,bearhugs,headlocks,andotherholds.Inmoreadvancedphasesoftraining,self-defensewillincluderesponsestoknifeandstickattacksaswellasthreatswithahandgun.
SeveralmaincriteriashouldbeusedtoexamineandunderstandanydefensetechniqueinKravMaga.Thetechniqueshould:
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• Bebasedonnaturalinstincts/reactions.
• Besimpleandusablebypeopleofdifferentstrengthsandbodysizes.
• Workfromapositionofdisadvantageorpoorstateofreadiness.
• Addresstheimmediatedanger.
• Includeasimultaneous(ornearlysimultaneous)counterattacktoneutralizefurtherattacks.
• Becomprehensiveenoughtocoverawidevarietyofscenarios.
SoftTechniquesAttimes,aless-damagingtechniquemaybetheappropriateresponsetoasituation.Examplesofsuchsituationsincludeonepersonsimplytryingtodelayanother;adrunkenbutotherwiseharmlessacquaintanceataparty;andapersonholdingontoawristandunawareofthedefender’surgentneedtomoveaway.
Fortheseinstances,“soft”techniquesaredesignedtoremovethedefenderfromanypotentialdangerwithoutharmingtheotherparty.Thesetechniquesaretobeusedonlyifyoufeelnorealthreat.Ifyoufeelyouareindanger,“harder”techniques(especiallycombatives)shouldbeused.
Wristreleasesworkoffofonebasicprinciple:Movethebladeofthewristthroughtheweakestpartofthehold.Inotherwords,takethethinnestangleofthearmoutatthepointwheretheotherparty’sthumbmeetsthefingers.
GroundfightingKravMagaassumesthat,eveniftheattackerdoesnottrytotakeyoudown,youmayslipandfindyourselfdownwhiletheattackerisup.Thissectionintroducesbasicgroundfightingpositioningandmovement.Amongthetechniquesarethreebasickicksfromtheground:frontkick,roundkick,andsidekick.
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CoauthorDarrenLevinedemonstratesanelbowstrike.
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NEUTRALORPASSIVESTANCEFundamentalsTheneutral,orpassive,stanceisyournatural,unpreparedposition.Itisextremelyusefulforallaspectsoftraining,consideringthat,onthestreet,youwillmostlikelyneedtoperformcombativesandself-defensetechniqueswithoutanypreparation.Besuretotrainfromthispositionatleastpartofthetimewhenworkingoncombatives,andatalltimeswhenpracticingself-defensetechniques.
THESTANCE:Standwithyourfeetabouthip-widthapart(orless),withyourarmshangingtothesides.
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FIGHTINGSTANCETakethisstancewhenpreparingforaconfrontation.Thedescriptionbelowassumesyouareright-handed;ifyou’releft-handed,simplysubstitute“right”for“left.”
THESTANCE:Standwithyourfeethip-widthapartandtakeacomfortablestepforwardwithyourleftfoot.Keepyourweightontheballs(nottheheels)ofyourfeet.Thetoesofbothfeetshouldgenerallypointforward,buttheforwardfootmayturnslightlyinwardforbetterbalance.
Keepingyourhandsrelaxed(notinfists),holdthemupaboutchinheightandacomfortabledistanceawayfromyourface.Makesureyourelbowsareinandfairlyclosetoyourbody,andyourshouldersarerelativelysquared(notturnedsideways)toanopponent.
TIPS
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TIPS
Ifyourfeetaretoonarrow,you’llbeunstable.Ifthey’retoowide,you’llopenyourselfupforagroinkick.
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MOVINGINFIGHTINGSTANCE
FundamentalsEvenifyou’reinterestedonlyinpureself-defense,youshouldlearntomovequicklyandsafelywhileinafightingstance.Thebasicprincipleofmovementwhileinafightingstanceistostartwiththeforwardfootwhilepushingoffwiththerearfoot,thenclosethestepsoyouendupintheoriginalstance.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
TOADVANCE:Moveyourleftfootforwardwhilepushingoffwithyourright,thenbringyourrightfootforwardtoreturntoastablefightingstance.Keepyourweightevenlyoverbothfeet(moreontheballsofyourfeetthanonyourtoes);don’tleanforwardasyouadvance.
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TOGOTOTHERIGHT:Moveyourrightfootout,pushingoffwithyourleft,thenbringyourleftfootinsoyoureturntoastablefightingstance.
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TOGOTOTHELEFT:Moveyourleftfootout,pushingoffwithyourright,thenbringyourrightfootintoreturntoastablefightingstance.
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TORETREAT:Moveyourrightfootback,pushingoffwithyourleftfoot,thenbringyourleftfootback,returningtoastablefightingstance.
TIPSMovewithquick,shufflingmotions,stayingclosetotheground.Don’thop!
Onceyougetafeelforthebasicmovement,practicemovingalongdiagonallines.Thesediagonalsarewhatletyouadvanceandretreatwhilestayingoutofreachofyouropponent’sweapons(i.e.,notbeingrightinfrontofthem).
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reachofyouropponent’sweapons(i.e.,notbeingrightinfrontofthem).
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PUNCHMECHANICSCombativesAstraightpunchcanbemadewiththeforwardhand(usuallycalleda“jab”)ortherearhand(a“cross”).Thebasicprinciplesofthepuncharethesameforeitherhand.Althoughwesometimesusetheterm“jab”inthisbookbecauseitisafamiliartermtosomereaders,donotthinkofyourforward-handpunchasatypical“jab.”Thattermimpliesaquick,less-powerfulstrikethatisusefulinsportfightingbutnotstreetfighting.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
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Makingafist
1.Rollyourfingerstightlysothatthereisnospace.
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2.Sealyourthumbtightlyoveryourfingersnearthefirstknuckle.DoNOTputyourthumbinsideyourfingers!
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LEFTSTRAIGHTPUNCH
Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Drivingwithyourlegsandkeepingyourelbowdownaslongaspossible,extendyourleftfistforward.Asyourhandtravelsout,rotateyourshoulderandhipforwardtoaddpower.
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2.Makecontactwiththefirsttwoknucklesofyourfist,rotatingyourfistabout45degreestoaddpower.Besureyourwristisstraight.Thepunchshouldpenetratethetarget,notjusttouchthesurface.Atthemomentofimpact,weightshouldbeinthepunch.
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3.Recoilquickly,bringingyourhandbacktostartingposition.
TIPS
Tuckyourchintoyourchesttoprotectyourjaw.
Rolltheshoulderonthepunchingsideuptoprotectyourjaw.
Thebasicprincipleofmovementwhileinafightingstanceistostartwiththeforwardfootwhilepushingoffwiththerearfoot,thenclosethestepsoyouendupintheoriginalstance.
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CROSS-BODYPUNCH
Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1Drivingwithyourlegsandkeepingyourelbowdownaslongaspossible,extendyourrightfistforward.Asyourhandtravelsout,rotateyourshoulderandhipforwardtoaddpower.Pivotyourrearfootlikeyou’reputtingoutacigarette.
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2Makecontactwiththefirsttwoknucklesofyourfist,rotatingyourfistabout45°toaddpower.Besureyourwristisstraight.Thepunchshouldpenetratethetarget,notjusttouchthesurface.Atthemomentofimpact,weightshouldbeinthepunch.
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3Recoilquickly,bringingyourhandbacktostartingposition.
TIPS
Tuckyourchintoyourchesttoprotectyourjaw.Rolltheshoulderonthepunchingsideuptoprotectyourjaw.
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PALMHEELSTRIKE
CombativesYoucanperformastraightpunchusingtheheelofyourpalminsteadofafist.Themotionofthispunchisotherwisethesameasastraightpunch.Thisexplanationdescribesarightpalmheelstrike,butthestrikecanbedonewitheitherhand.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1Drivingwithyourlegsandkeepingyourelbowdownaslongaspossible,extendyourrightarmforward.Asyourhandtravelsout,rotateyourshoulderandhipforwardtoaddpower.Pivotonyourbackfoot.
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2Asyourhandisabouttostrikethetarget,flexyourwristbackward,openyourhand,andcurlyourfingersslightly,makingcontactwiththehardsurfaceatthebaseofyourhand.Rotateyourwristinwardasyoustrike—thisaddsextrapowerandhelpsprotectyourwrist.Bymovingyourfingersoutoftheway,youforcetheheelofyourhand,ratherthanyourfingers,tomakecontact.Ifyoudon’trotate,yourwristmaybebentbackwardonimpact,potentiallycausingasprainorbreak.
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EYESTRIKE
CombativesThisstriketotheeyes,anothervariationofthestraightpunch,ismadewithyourfingertips.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1Drivingwithyourlegsandkeepingyourelbowdownaslongaspossible,extendyourlefthandforward.Asyourhandtravelsout,rotateyourshoulderandhipforwardtoaddpower.Pivotonyourbackfootasifyou’recrushingoutacigarette.
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2Asyourhandisabouttostrikethetarget,pressyourfingersandthumbtogethertoformakindofspearblade.Yourfingersshouldbetensed,whichgivesthemstrengthandusuallycausesaveryslightbendintheknuckles.Thishelpspreventhyperextension.Stabyourfingersforwardata45-degreeangle,ratherthanstraightupanddown.Thisallowsyourhandtocoverthemostsurfacearea.
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STRAIGHTPUNCHWITHADVANCE
CombativesYoucanmakeanystraightpunchwhileadvancingtocoverdistance.Beginpracticingwithaforwardhand,thentryotherpuncheswhileadvancing.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1Drivingwithyourlegsandkeepingyourelbowdownaslongaspossible,extendyourleftfistforward.Asyourhandtravelsout,rotateyourshoulderandhipforwardtoaddpower.
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2Immediatelyburstinwithanadvance,pushingoffwithyourrightfootandmovingforwardwithyourleftfoot.Asthepunchlands,closethedistancebybringingyourrightfootforward.
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TIPS
Inmostcases,theadvanceshouldbeonaslightdiagonaltokeepyouawayfromyouropponent’sentirearsenalofcounterattacks.
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STRAIGHTPUNCHWITHRETREAT
CombativesAstraightpunch,particularlyajab,canbegiveninretreat.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingtheattacker.
1Theattackertakesasteptowardyou.Simultaneouslysendaleftpunchwhilemovingyourrightfootback,pushingoffwithyourleftfoot.
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2Asthepunchrecoils,bringyourleftfootbacktorecoverintoafightingstance.
TIPS
Thepunchmayalsobeperformedwithaslightducktoavoidanincomingpunch.
VARIATION:Tomakeacrosswhileretreating,youwillneedtoretreatfirst,plantyourfeet,andthenpunchThisrequiresmoreprecisetimingthanajab,makingitabitmorecomplex.
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STRAIGHTPUNCHLOW
CombativesAstraightpunchcanbedeliveredlow—tothemidsectionoreventothegroin.Whilethebasiclowpunchisthesameasaregularstraightpunch,specialconsiderationsrequirethatthispunchbepracticedseparately.
Thispunchcanbemadeinattackorindefense;seeStraightPunchwithAdvance(page45)andStraightPunchwithRetreat(page47)forfurtherdetails.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Beginastandardstraightpunch.Asyoupunch,sendyourfistlowwhiledroppingyourbodybybendingatthewaistandknees.Donotleaveyourheadupwhilepunchingdown—thiswouldleaveyoutooexposed.Donotsimplydropyourbodydownbeforesendingthepunch—thistelegraphsthemovement.
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2.Retreatorcontinuewithafurtherattack.Donotstaydownandinfrontwhereyouropponentcaneasilypunchorkneeyourhead.
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TIPS
Aswithanypunch,sendyourshoulderforwardtoaddweight.Thisisespeciallyimportantwithalowpunchbecauseyouneedtocreateareactionintheopponentthatinhibitshisabilitytocounterpunchwhileyourheadislow.Practicetuckingyourchinandbringingyourshoulderuptoprotectyourjaw.Practiceretreatingupandouttoavoidcounterpunches.Alsopracticecontinuingwithfurtherattacks.
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HAMMERFISTTOTHESIDE
CombativesHammerfisttothesidemaybepracticedfromafightingstanceorapassivestance.Becauseitisoftenusedinreactiontoasurpriseattack,wegenerallypresentthestrikefromapassivestancefirst.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Moveyourlefthandsidewaysandupward,elbowslightlybent.Asyourhandmovestowarditstarget,rotateyourhipandshoulder.Tuckyourchin.Yourrisingarmshouldcoveryouaswellasstrike.Pivotyouroutsidefootandstepintowardyourtargettomakesureweightisbeingtransferredintothepunch.
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2.Oncontact,yourelbowshouldstillbesomewhatbent.Thebentelbowshouldpassyourtargettohelpthepunchpenetrate;italsohelpspreventhyperextensionofthejoint.
TIPS
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TIPS
Addtorquebyrotatingthefist:Atthebeginningofthepunch,thebackofthehandfacesthetarget.Justbeforecontact,rotatethemeatypartofyourhandouttomakecontact.
Aswithallpunches,youshouldrecoilafterstriking.
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HAMMERFISTTOTHEBACK
CombativesHammerfisttothebackisessentiallythesameashammerfisttotheside,butwithagreaterturntomeetanattackcomingfrombehind.Youshouldpracticeittodeveloptheconceptthatyoucanstrikeinafullcirclearoundyourbody.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Lookoveryourrightshoulder.Moveyourlefthandsidewaysandupward,elbowslightlybent.Asyourhandmovestowarditstarget,rotateyourhipandshoulder.Tuckyourchin.Yourrisingarmshouldcoveryouaswellasstrike.Pivotyouroutsidefootandstepintowardyourtargettomakesureweightisbeingtransferredintothepunch.
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2.Oncontact,yourelbowshouldstillbesomewhatbent.Thebentelbowshouldpassyourtargettohelpthepunchpenetrate;italsohelpspreventhyperextensionofthejoint.
TIPS
Addtorquebyrotatingthefist:Atthebeginningofthepunch,thebackofthehandfacesthetarget.Justbeforecontact,rotatethemeatypartofyourhandouttomakecontact.
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tomakecontact.
Aswithallpunches,youshouldrecoilafterstriking.
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FORWARDHAMMERFIST
CombativesAforwardhammerfistisgenerallyastriketoyouropponent’sface.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Raiseyourlefthandinasmallwindup—roughlyfromchinheighttoabouteyebrowheight.Don’tthrowyourhandtoohighaboveyourhead—thatmotionwouldbetooslowanddetectable.
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2.Asyourfistcomesdown,generatepowerbyrotatingyourshoulderandhipinwardandforwardwhiledrivingwithyourlegs.
TIPS
Addtorquebyrotatingyourfist:Asyoubeginthepunch,yourpalmshouldfacethetarget.Justbeforeyouconnect,rotatethemeatypartofyourhandinwardtomakecontact.
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makecontact.
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DOWNWARDHAMMERFIST
CombativesAdownwardhammerfistwillgenerallybetothebackofyouropponent’sneck,atthebaseoftheskullwithyouropponentdoubledover(forexample,afteragroinkick).Othertargetsmaybethekidneys(againstalowbearhug)orface(duringcounterattacksagainstHeadlockfromtheSideorBearhugwithLeverageontheNeck).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Raiseyourleftfistupwardinasmallwindup.
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2.Asyourpunchdescends,generatepowerbyrotatingyourhipandshoulderinwardanddown,andbybendingyourknees.Donotbendatthewaist.
TIPS
Addtorquebyrotatingyourfist:Asyoubeginthepunch,yourpalmshouldface
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Addtorquebyrotatingyourfist:Asyoubeginthepunch,yourpalmshouldfacedownwardtothetarget.Justbeforeyouconnect,rotatethemeatypartofyourhandinwardtomakecontact.
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HORIZONTALHIGHELBOWSTRIKE(ELBOW#1)CombativesFortrainingpurposes,westartinamodifiedpassivestance.Ofcourse,allelbowscanbemadefromafightingstance.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.
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2.Sharplyswingyourelbowouthorizontallyinfrontofyoutomakecontactwithyourtarget’sfaceorthroat.Strikewiththepointjustbelowthetipofyourelbow,pivotingasyoustriketogeneratemorepower.
Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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SIDEWAYSELBOWSTRIKE(ELBOW#2)CombativesThiselbowstriketargetsanattackercomingfromtheside.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.Raiseyourelbowup.
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2.Striketotheside,avoidinga“flapping”motion.Leaninasyoustrike,makingcontactjustabovethetipofyourelbow.Useyourlegsforpower.
Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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HORIZONTALELBOWSTRIKEBACKWARD(ELBOW#3)CombativesSTARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.
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2.Pivotasyoupunchyourelbowhorizontallytoatargetbehindyou,lookingbackoveryourshouldertoseeyourtarget(makesuretokeepyouchintuckedforprotection).Strikewiththepointjustabovethetipofyourelbow.
Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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VERTICALELBOWSTRIKEBACKWARDLOW(ELBOW#4)CombativesThiselbowstriketargetsanattackercomingfrombehind.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Sendyourelbowstraightbacktomakecontactwithyourtarget’sribsorstomach.Strikewiththepointjustabovethetipofyourelbow,pivotingasyoustriketogeneratemorepower.
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Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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VERTICALELBOWSTRIKEBACKWARD(ELBOW#5)CombativesThiselbowstriketargetsanattackercomingfrombehind.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.
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2–3.Punchyourelbowbackwardandupward,tiltingyourshouldersforwardtostriketheattacker’sthroatorface.Strikewiththepointjustabovethetipofyourelbow.
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Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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VERTICALELBOWSTRIKEFORWARDANDUPWARD(ELBOW#6)CombativesSTARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.
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2–3.Swingyourelbowup,pivotingyourhipandshoulderinanduptogeneratemorepower.Strikeyourtarget’schinwiththepointjustbelowthetipofyourelbow.
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Recoilandreturntostartingposition.
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VERTICALELBOWSTRIKEFORWARDANDDOWN(ELBOW#7)
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CombativesThiselbowstrikeissimilartoaDownwardHammerfist(page57).Theattackerispoisedtoattackyoufromalowangle,orisdoubledover(followingagroinkick,forexample).
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance,withyourhandsraiseduptofaceheight.
1.Bringyourrighthand(eitherinafist,oropenwithslightlybentfingers)intoyourshoulder,creatingafirmbendinyourelbow.
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2.Bendyourkneesanddropyourweightdownasyouswingyourelbowdown.Strikethebackofyouropponent’sheadorneckwiththepointjustabove(i.e.,towardyourshoulder)thetipofyourelbow.
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FRONTKICK(REGULAR)CombativesTherearetwobasicfrontkicks.Thefirstisaregularfrontkickwiththeinsteporshin(tothegroin).Thesecondistoaverticaltargetusingtheballofthefoot(page74).Regularfrontkickissimplerandmorepracticalinmostself-defensesituations,sopracticeitfirst.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Swingyourrightlegforward,bendingyourknee.
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2.Asyourhipcomesforwardandupward,snapyourfootout,drivingthroughthetarget.Pivotslightlyonyourleft(base)foot—thisopensyourhips,whichhelpsextendthekickandaddpower.Contactthetargetwithyourinstep,aboutwhereyoutieyourshoelaces.
3.Recoil.Aftermakingcontact,youshouldbeabletoeitherputthekickingfootdowninfrontofyouorbringitbackintoafightingstance.
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TIPSWhenkickingapad,makesureyoulookatthecenterofyourpartner’schest,notatthepad.Thishelpsyoukickthroughformorepenetration,whereasifyoujustlookatthepad,you’llonlykicktothatpoint.
Besureyourhandsstayup!
VARIATION1:Ifyouareclosetothetarget,youcanconnectwithyourshinaswell,whichisverypowerful.
VARIATION2(NOTPICTURED):Onceyou’vemasteredthebasickick,trykickingwiththeforwardleg,whichislesspowerful,butfasterandsneakier.
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FRONTKICK(VERTICALTARGET)CombativesThiskickismadetothemidsectionorchestusingtheballofthefoot.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Bringyourrightlegforwardwiththekneeup.
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2.Punchthefoot,leg,andhipstraightout(i.e.,notupward,asintheregularfrontkick).Asyoukick,curlyourtoesupwardtothetopofyourshoe,exposingandtighteningtheballofyourfoot.Strikewiththeballofyourfoot.
Recoil.Youshouldbeabletomakeastrongkickandthenplantyourkickingfoottoanypoint,asneeded,eitherinfrontorrecoveringbacktoafightingstance.
TIPS
Practicekickingthegroundwiththeballofyourfoottohelpgetafeelforthestrikingsurface.
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strikingsurface.
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ROUNDKICK
CombativesAroundkickis,essentially,afrontkickthat“rollsover”atthelastminute.Liketheregularfrontkick,theroundkickusesyourinsteporshinasthestrikingsurface.Inamoreadvancedversion,youmakecontactwiththeballofyourfoot.Roundkickcanbemadetothesideofanopponent’skneejoint,thigh,ribs,orevenhead,althoughwedonotemphasizehighkicksinKravMaga.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Swingyourrightlegforward,bendingyourknee.Rollyourhipover.
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3.Snapoutyourfootwhilepivotingquicklyonyourleftfoot.Strikewithyourshin.Whenyoumakecontact,yourkneeshouldstillbeslightlybent.Thisletsthemotionpenetratethetarget,andalsoprotectsthekneeagainsthyperextension.
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Recoil.Youshouldbeabletolandforwardwithcontrol,orbringyourfootbackintoafightingstance.
TIPS
Todeliverthekickwithpower,besureyourleft(base)footis“deeper”thanthetarget,allowingthekickinglegtodrivethrough.
Also,formorepower,youmaystepdiagonallyandpivotyourleftfootbeforesendingthekick.Thoughthisaddspower,itismoredetectable.
VARIATION:Itispossibletostrikewiththetopofthefootorballofthefoot.
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KNEESTRIKE
CombativesIfafrontkickisanalogoustoastraightpunch,thenkneestrikesareanalogoustoelbowstrikes.Thatis,theyarefortheclose-infight,andtheycanbedevastating.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstanceincloseproximitytoyouropponent.
1.Grabyouropponent’srightarmandshoulderfirmlybygrabbinghandfulsofskin.Pushyourrightforearmagainstyouropponent’sneck,keepingyourelbowdown.Thispreventsyouropponentfromdroppingdownand“shootingin”tograbyourlegs.
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2.Pullyouropponent’sbodyforwardand/ordownwhilebringingyourrightkneeupsharply,strikingthegroin,midsection,orfacewiththepointjustaboveyourkneecap.Driveyourhipforwardanduptogeneratepower.
TIPS
Ifyougrabtheattacker’sleftarmandshoulder,strikewithyourleftknee.Besureyourkneeisbentsharply.
Ifyourtargetisthegroin,driveyourhipforwardandpullyouropponent’sbodytowardyou.
Ifyourtargetisthemidsectionorhead,pullyouropponent’sbodydownwhiledrivingyourkneeupward.
VARIATION:Ifyouplaceonehandoneithersideofyouropponent’shead(a
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MuayThaiclinch),useeitherkneeforthestrike.Grabtheattackerbytheheadwithonearmoneachside,elbowsdownandtight.Yourhandsshouldbelaidoneovertheother,withyourfingersupthebackofhisheadandpushingdowntocreatepressureonhisneck,whichgivesbettercontrol.Besureyousqueezeyourelbowstogethertokeepyouropponentfromslippinghisheaddownandout.
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ROUNDKNEESTRIKE
CombativesKneestrikesmaybeappliedfromdifferentangles.Likearoundkick,aroundkneestartslikethestandardstrike,relativelystraight,andthenthehiprollsover.Thisvariationshouldbepracticedafteryou’vemasteredthebasickneestrike;it’squiteeffectiveifyouropponentisinfrontofyoubutleavinghissideopentoyourattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstanceincloseproximitytoyouropponent.
1.Grabyouropponent’srightarmandshoulderfirmlybygrabbinghandfulsofskin.Pushyourrightforearmagainstyouropponent’sneck,keepingyourelbowdown.Thispreventsyouropponentfromdroppingdownand“shootingin”tograbyourlegs.
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2.Pullyouropponent’sbodyforwardand/ordownwhilebringingyourrightkneeup;rollyourhipoverinamotionsimilartoaroundkicksothatyourkneestrikesatamorehorizontalangle.Thisstrikeisnormallydeliveredtotheribs,stomach,orhead.Driveyourhipforwardanduptogeneratepower.
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FRONTKICK/HAMMERFISTCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Deliveraregularfrontkicktothegroin.Forthiscombination,recoilandlandwithyourright(kicking)footforwardandtotheoutsideofyourtarget,notrightinfront.
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3.Asyourrightfootstepstotheground,useyourrighthandtodeliverahammerfisttothebackofyouropponent’sneck.
TIPS
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TIPSThehammerfistshouldlandalmostsimultaneouslywiththefoottouchingtheground.
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FRONTKICK/STRAIGHTPUNCHCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Deliveraregularfrontkicktothegroin.Recoilyourright(kicking)foot.
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2.Asyourrightfootlands,useyourrighthandtodeliverastraightpunchtothefaceorthroat.
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360°DEFENSE(OUTSIDEDEFENSE)DefensesThisexerciseservesasabasicintroductiontooutsidedefenses,includingdefensesagainsthooks,punches,andknifeattacks.360°Defenseisareflexiveexercisebasedonthebody’sinstinctivereactions.Thedefenseisperformedwiththefingersextended.Thisisarelativelyinstinctive(reflexive)movement,whichmakesitquick;extendingyourfingersaddsafewinchestothedefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutral(passive)stance,handsupatshoulder/facelevel.Withallthesedefensepositions,makethemovementquicklyandthenrecoil.
POSITION1:Withyourelbowbent90°,raiseyourforearmaboveandslightlyinfrontofyourheadtodefendagainstanattackcomingstraightdown.
POSITION2:Withyourelbowbent90°,raiseyourarmatanangle(liketheroofofahouse—about30°)todefendagainstanattackat45°.
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POSITION3:Startingwithyourelbowbent90°,sendyourforearmoutparallelwiththefloor(withbotharmsitwouldlooklikehorizontalgoalposts)todefendagainstanattackcomingdirectlyfromtheside.
POSITION4:Bringyourelbow(bent90°)intighttoyourbodytodefendagainstanupwardattacktoyourribs.Angleyourforearmslightlyoutwardandcontractyourabs.
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POSITION5:Withyourelbowbent90°,pointyourfingersdowntodefendagainstanupwardattacktoyourribs.ThisistheexactoppositeofPosition#3.
POSITION6:Startingwithyourelbowbent90°,loweryourarmata30°angletodefendagainstarisingattacktoyourbody.Besuretobendatyourwaist,notatyourknees.
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POSITION7:Startingwithyourelbowbent90°,loweryourforearmbelowandslightlyinfrontofyourchesttodefendagainstarisingattacktothecenterofyourbody.Besuretobendatyourwaist,notatyourknees.
TIPS
Defendusingthebladeofyourarm.Putweightbehindthedefense.
Defendfromwristtowrist.
Yourpartnershouldattackwithverystraightarms.Whilethiswouldbeunlikelyinastreetattack,itmakesanexcellenttrainingmethodbothforthedefenseandtodevelopvision.
Lookatthecenterofyourpartner’schestanduseperipheralvisiontoseeallattacks—ifyouturnyourheadtofocusononeattack,youwillnotseeanattackcomingfromtheotherside.
Attackersshouldbeginslowly,oneattackatatime,andincreasespeedasdefendingimproves.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTSTRAIGHTPUNCH
DefensesInsideDefenseismadeagainststraightpunchestothefaceorthroat.Unlike360°Defense,whichisa“stopping”defense,InsideDefensesare“redirecting”defenses.Theyredirecttheattackawayfromitsintendedtarget.Defendwiththesame-side(mirror)hand.No“crossblocking.”Forexample,ifanattackerpuncheswiththelefthand,youdefendwithyourright.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,handsupandslightlylessthanshoulder-widthapart.
1.Asanattackermovestowardyouwithastraightpunch,bringyourdefendinghandforwardandinward,pushingagainsttheattacker’sarmwiththecenterof
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yourpalm.Yourpalmshouldslidealongtheattacker’sarm.Movefromjustinsideyourshoulderinwardtowardyourlineofsight.Atthesametime,makeasmallheaddefensetotheoutsidetogiveyourselfsomeextraspaceincaseyourhanddefensedidn’tsucceed.
TIPS
Defendwithyourpalm,butifyoumisreadtheheightofthepunch,youcanalsodefendwithyourwristorforearm(seeInsideDefenseagainstStraightPunchLow,page88).
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTSTRAIGHTPUNCHLOWDefensesTodefendeffectivelyagainstalowpunch,youmustbeabletokeepyourhandsupinordertoguardagainstfeintsorsecondattacks.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,handsupandslightlylessthanshoulder-widthapart.
1.Asanattackermovestowardyouwithalowstraightpunch,bringyourelbowacrossyourbodyinasweepingmotion.AswithregularInsideDefense,makethisdefensewiththesame-side(mirroring)arm—i.e.,defendagainstarightpunchusingtheleftarm.Leadthemotionwithyourelbow;yourhandshouldstayup.Makeabodydefensebyrotatingslightly.Againstarightpunch,rotateright.Againstaleftpunch,rotateleft.
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TIPSContractyourabstoprotectyourmidsectionandtoloweryourupperbodyslightlysotheelbowcoversmoreofthemidsection.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAND360°AGAINSTPUNCHESDefensesOnceyouhavemasteredbasicInsideDefenseand360°,youshouldbegintodefendagainstthepossibilityofeitherattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.Fromaslightdistance,theattackermovesinwithaslightadvance.
1–6.Theattackerdeliversonepunchatatime,butmixesup360°andstraight-punchattacks.Thedefendermakestheappropriatedefense.
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TIPS
BesureyoumakeyourInsideDefensecorrectlysothatyourhandisinagoodpositiontodefendagainsttheoutsideattacksaswell.
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CHOKEFROMTHEFRONT(TWO-HANDEDPLUCK)Self-DefenseChokefromtheFrontisafairlycommonattack.Itisalsoaconvenientstartingpointforself-defensetrainingbecauseitunderscoresmanyKravMagaprinciples.Theinstinctivereactiontoachokewillbetosendthehandstothedanger—inthiscase,thethroat.Thistechniqueturnsthatreactionintoadefense.Thepluckisexplosive,usingspeedratherthanstrength.
STARTINGPOSITION:Alwaystrainonthisandotherchokesfromapassiveorneutralstance.
1–2.Usingyourhandsashooks,withfingersslightlycurledandthumbstightagainstthehands,bringthemupandoveryourattacker’shands,reachin,andpluckexplosivelyoutward,pluckingasclosetotheattacker’sthumbsaspossible.Tuckyourchintoprotectyourfacefromanaccidentalheadbutt.
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3–4.Traceyourshoulderline,thenpulldown,pinningtheattacker’shandstoyourshoulders.Asyoupluck,makeasimultaneouskicktothegroin.
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TIPS
Keepyourhandsintighthooks—it’sapluck,notagrab.
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CHOKEFROMTHEFRONT(ONE-HANDEDPLUCK)Self-DefenseThisvariation,whilelessinstinctivethanthetwo-handedpluck,mayofferamoreperformablepluckingmotiontosomepeople.Also,whileitwillnotstopaheadbuttdeliveredsimultaneouslywiththechoke,itwillpreventaheadbuttgivenafterashortdelay.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passiveorneutralstance.
1–2.Astheattackerchokesyou,reachupwithonehandtoplucktheattacker’ssame-sidehand.
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3.Atthesametime,sendyourfreehandupandundertheotherarm,deliveringapalmstriketothechinorface.(Ifyou’remoreadvanced,deliveranuppercut.)
TIPSBeawarethattodeliverapalmstrike,youwillhavetolowerthepunching-sideshouldertogetitbelowtheattacker’shand/arm.
Thebodyrotationmadebythecombinationofpluckandpunchshouldhelpreleasepressurefromyourthroat.
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CHOKEFROMBEHIND
Self-Defense
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withtheattackerchokingyoufrombehind.
1.Uponfeelingthechoke,tuckyourchinandroundyourshoulderstoexposetheattacker’sthumbs.
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2.Sendyourhandsbackasfaraspossibletogathermomentumforthepluckandtoensurethatthepluckactuallymovesthehands.
3.Reachingbacktothemiddleofyourneck,plucktheattacker’sthumbsstraightdown,asthoughgivingtwoelbowstoyourstomach.Asyoupluck,stepdiagonallybackward,makingsurebothofyourfeetmove.
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4–5.Withyourinsidehand,striketothegroinandfollowwithelbowstothestomachorface.Thisstrikeshouldflownaturallyfromthedownwardmovementofyourhand.Theoutsidehandshouldcontinuetoholdontotheattacker’shand,tokeephimcloseortrackhismovementuntilyoucanmakefurthercounters.
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6.Turninsidetowardtheattackerwithahammerfiststriketohisface.Atthispointyoucanreleasehishand.
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7.Finishwithkneestrikesormoveouttocreatedistance.
TIPSWhenpracticing,breaktheexerciseintotwoparts.Workonthedefensewiththegroinandelbowstrikesfirst.Thenworkonthehammerfist,turn,andcounter.Theinitialgroinstrikecanbemadewiththepalmfacingthetargetandthefingersstrikingupandunderforthegreatesteffect.
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CHOKEFROMTHESIDE
Self-DefenseBecauseKravMagaattemptstosolvevariousproblemswithonesolution,thesamebasicprinciplethatworkedforChokefromtheFront(page92)andChokefromBehind(page96)alsoworkswithChokefromtheSide.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestanceastheattackerchokesfromtheside.
1.Reachyouroutsidehandupandacross.
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2.Usingthesame“hook”positionasinTwo-HandedPluck(page92),pluckattheattacker’sthumbarea,pullinginadiagonalmotiondownwardacrossyourchest.Atthesametime,counterattackwithastriketothegroinoranelbowtotheface.
3.Continuewithadditionalcounters,turningtowardtheattackerwithelbowsandknees.
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TIPSBesuretopluckalongyourchest,ratherthanpullawayfromyourbody.Pullingawayfromyourbodyreducesthepowerofthepluckingmotion.
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CHOKEFROMTHEFRONTWITHAPUSHSelf-DefenseAchokewithapushrepresentsanaddeddanger.Inthiscase,aregularpluckbecomesmoredifficultbecause(a)you’rebeingpushedoffbalanceand(b)theshockofasuddenpushmaycauseyourhandstoflyupandawayfromyourthroat.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withanattackerchokingyoufromthefront.
1.Tosimulatestumblingbackwards,leanback,offbalance,andthenstepbackononefoot(usuallytheleftfootwillbeeasiestfortrainingpurposes).Asyoustepyourleftfootback,stabyourrighthandstraightuptothesky.Yourrightbicep/shouldershouldbeasclosetoyourrightearaspossible.Thisensuresthatyoudefendagainsttheattacker’swrist.
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2.Turnsharplytotheleft.Theturnshouldbeabout90°,andshouldcausepressureagainsthiswrist,nothisforearm.Thisremovesthepressurefromyourthroat.
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3.Cleartheattacker’shands:bendslightlyattheknees,deliveringadownwardverticalelbowstrike(#7)withyourrighthand,whilebringingyourlefthandupinatrappingmotion.
4.Deliverasidewayselbowstrike(#2)toyouropponent’sface.Besurethereisweightbehindtheattack!Continuewithfurthercounters.
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TIPSAswithanytechnique,onceyou’vedevelopedskillandcomfortperformingthisfromyourdominantside,traintheoppositesideaswell.
Tosimulaterealitywhenbeingpushed,allowtheattacktoputyouslightlyoffbalancebeforeyoustepback.Thisfeelingofbeingoffbalancerecreatesthesurpriseofarealattack.
Thedefenseismadebytheexplosiverotationofthebody,notbythedownwardelbow.Theelbowsimplymovesthehandsoutofthewayofyourcounterattacks.
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CHOKEFROMBEHINDWITHAPUSHSelf-DefenseTheprinciplesofthisdefenseareexactlythesameasthoseforChokefromtheFrontwithaPush(page102).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withanattackerbehindyou.
1–2.Whenthechokeandpushcomefrombehind,yourhandsmayflyforward(aninstinctivemotiontopreventafall).Assumingyoustepforwardwithyourrightfoot,bringyourleftarmupandclosetoyourear.Thisensuresthatyoudefendagainsttheattacker’swrist.Turnsharplybacktowardtheattacker.UnlikeintheChokefromtheFront,thisturnshouldbegreaterthan90°since,inthiscase,itbringsyouaroundtofacetheattacker.
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3–5.Asyoucompletetheturn,stepbackwithyourleft(inside)foot—thishelpsmaintainbalanceagainstastrongpush.Bringyourleftelbowdowntocleartheattacker’shandsandpinthemagainstyourbody.Atthesametime,counterattackwitharightpunch,followedbymultipleleftknees.
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TIPSIfthepushisnotstrong,steppingbackmaynotbenecessary…butinmostcasesitis.
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HEADLOCKFROMTHESIDE
Self-DefenseHeadlockfromtheSiderepresentsoneofthemostcommontypesofholdsinschoolyards,streetfights,andbarroombrawls.
STARTINGPOSITION:Anattackerheadlocksyoufromtheside.
1.Astheheadlockismade,don’tresisttheinward/downwardpull(assumingyouaresurprised,youwillnotbeabletoresist).Gowithit,turningyourchininanddowntoavoidachokeandlimitexposuretoapunch.Atthesametime,striketheattacker’sgroinwithyouroutsidehand(acrossyourbent-overbody)whilebringingyourinsidehandupbetweenyourheadandtheattacker’s.
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2.Iftheattackerhasnohair,gofortheeyesandnose,placingyourindexfingerunderthenoseandyourthumbunderthechin(avoidfingersoverthemouth).Lifttheattacker’schinupsharply.Takeyourinsideelbowstraightdowntoyourhipwhilestandingup.
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3–4.Delivercounterattackssuchashammerfistsorstraightpunchestotheface.
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VARIATION:Iftheattackerhashair,grabthehair(rightdowntothescalp)atthehairlinewithyouroutsidehand.
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WRISTRELEASE:SAME-SIDEHAND(ELBOWTOELBOW)SoftTechniquesThistechniqueshouldbeappliediftheotherpartygrabsyouonthesame/mirrorside(e.g.,grabsyourrighthandwithhisleft).
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourrighthandwithhislefthand.
1–2.Moveyourelbowforward,bendingituntilittouches(orisverynear)yourpartner’selbow.Atthesametime,snapyourwristoutofthehold,leadingwiththeblade,orthinpartofthewrist.
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3.Moveaway,keepingyourhandsup.
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TIPSItmaybenecessarytostepforwardtogetcloseenoughtomaketherelease.Ifastepisnecessary,stepinwiththesame-sidefoot(ifyourrightwristisheld,stepwithyourrightfoot).
Tohelprememberthetechnique,thinkofitas“elbowtoelbow.”
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WRISTRELEASE:OPPOSITE-SIDEHAND(HITCHHIKEOUT)SoftTechniquesThistechniqueshouldbeappliediftheotherpartygrabsyouontheopposite/crossside(e.g.,grabsyourrighthandwithhisrighthand,reachingacrossyourbody).
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourleftwristwithhislefthand.
1.Rotateyourwristsothatyourthumbgoestowardtheweakpartofthegrip.
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2.Pullinthedirectionofyourshoulder,makingahitchhikingmotion.
3.Moveaway,keepingyourhandsup.
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WRISTRELEASE:TWOHANDSHELDHIGH
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SoftTechniquesThistechniqueisusefulwhentheotherpartyholdsbothofyourwristsup.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standfacingyourattacker,yourelbowsbentandhandsinfrontofyou.
1.Astheattackergrabsyourwrists,makeaninwardcircularmotionwithbothhands.Moveyourlefthandclockwiseandyourrighthandcounterclockwise.Asyoumakethemotion,dropyourchintoyourchest,loweringyourfaceanddecreasingexposuretoaheadbutt,whichmaybeintentionaloraccidental
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2–3.Asyourattacker’shandsreleaseyourwrists,takeasmallstepbacktoincreasethedistance.Finishthecircularmotionsothatyourhandscomeoutsideofhishandandupinamodifiedfightingstance(inotherwords,up,butnotinanysortofaggressiveposture).
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WRISTRELEASE:TWOHANDSHELDDOWN
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SoftTechniquesUsethistechniquewhentheotherpartyholdsbothyourhandsdown.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsbothyourwristsfromabove.
1–2.Bringbothhandsinwardandupwardtowardyourface,makingsuretocurlyourfingerstopreventaccidentallypokingyourselfintheeyes.
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3.Takeasmallstepbackwardtocreatemoredistance.
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WRISTRELEASE:WRISTHELDBYTWOHANDS
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SoftTechniques
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsoneofyourwristswithbothofhishands.
1.Withyourfreehand,reachdownandgrabyourcaughthand,makingafistwiththecaughthand.
2.Pullthecaughtfistabovethelineofyourattacker’swrist.
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3.Rotateyourbentarmsharply,elbowintheair(asinElbow#1),toreleasethewrist.DoNOTusetheelbowtostrikeyourattacker(remember,thisisasofttechnique).
Stepawaytomakedistance.
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BACKPOSITIONGroundfighting
THEPOSITION:You’reonyourback,withheadandshouldersupoffthegroundandchintuckedagainstyourchest.Keepyourhandsuptoprotectyourface.
Placeonefootonthegroundnearyourbuttocks.Drawyourotherkneeupclosetoyourchest.Keepyourhipsofftheground.
Onceyou’vetakenthisposition,onlyasmallpartofyourbackandonefootshouldbetouchingtheground.
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BACKPOSITION:MOVEMENTONTHEGROUND
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GroundfightingAnattackermaytrytoscramblearoundtogetatvitalpartsofyourbody.Yourgoalistokeepyourfeetbetweenyourbody/headandtheattacker.Whenacorrectgroundfightingpositionistaken,onlythesmallofthebackandonefoottouchtheground,allowingforeasierturning.
STARTINGPOSITION:BackPosition.
1.Useyourplantedfoottoturnandstop.
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2.Keepthefootclosesttotheattackerupforkickingpurposes—e.g.,iftheattackeriscirclingtoyourleft,pullyourleftfootupandusetherighttoturn.Thismakesitmoredifficultfortheattackertogetaroundyourguard.
VARIATION:Iftheattackerisatsomedistance,youmayuseyourhandsforafasterandmorecontrolledturn.
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SIDEPOSITION
GroundfightingTHEPOSITION:Lieononeelbow,onehip,andonebaseleg.Bringyourtophanduptoprotectyourface.Holdyourtoplegup,kneedrawnback,readytokick.Iftheattackerisfartheroff,youmayriseontoyourlower(base)hand,ratherthanyourelbow,butONLYiftheattackerisfartheraway.
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SIDEPOSITION:MOVEMENTONTHEGROUND
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GroundfightingAnattackermaytrytoscramblearoundtogetatvitalpartsofyourbody.Yourgoalistokeepyourfeetbetweenyourbody/headandtheattacker.
STARTINGPOSITION:SidePosition.
1.Iftheattackermovestowardyourlive(front)side,usethebasefoottoturnandstop.
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2.Iftheattackermovestothedead(back)side,rolltoyouroppositesideandtakeupthesame-sideposition.
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FRONTKICKFROMTHEGROUND
GroundfightingThiskickismorelikeastomp(DefensiveFrontKick,forthosewhoknowit);youmakecontactwithyourheel.
STARTINGPOSITION:BackPosition,ontheground.
1.Stompyourfootoutwardhorizontally,withpowergeneratedbysendingyourhipoutaswell—thisismostimportant!
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2.Atthemomentofimpact,theonlypartsofyourbodytouchingthegroundareyourbase(planted)footandyourshoulders/elbows.
3.Recoilimmediatelybypullingyourkneebacktoyourchesttoprepareforanotherkick.
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TIPS
Whenkickingtotheshinorknee,turnyourfootoutwardslightlytobroadenthekickingsurface,givingyouthebestchancetohitthetarget.
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ROUNDKICKFROMTHEGROUND
GroundfightingAroundkickwhileonthegroundcanbeespeciallyusefulwhenanattackertriestomakean“endrun”aroundyourguard.Astheattackerdodgestotheoutsideofyourkickingleg,yourolloveranddeliveraroundkick.
STARTINGPOSITION:BackPosition,ontheground.
1–2.Asyoukick,rollyourhipover.
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TIPS
Foraddedpower,makeaslight“scissor”motionwiththelegs(thissimulatesthepivotingmotionmadeduringastandingroundkick).
Thekickmaybedonewitheitherleg,dependingonwhichwaytheattackergoes.However,thebaselegwilldeliverthestrongestroundkick(justastherearlegdeliversthestrongeststandingroundkick).
Aswithregularroundkick,thekickingsurfaceistheinsteportheshin.
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SIDEKICKFROMTHEGROUND
GroundfightingAsidekickmaybenecessaryafterdeliveringaroundkick,orifyouenduponyoursideratherthanyourback.
STARTINGPOSITION:SidePosition,ontheground.
1–2.Sendyourfootout,extendingyourhiptogeneratepower,strikingwithyourheel.Thisissimilartoastomp.Useyourbasehand(theoneclosesttothefloor)forsupportandtogiveapushthathelpsgeneratepower.Youmayalsouseyourotherhandiftheattackerisatasufficientdistance.
Otherwise,thathandshouldbeupinadefensiveposition.Atthepointofimpact,yourheel,knee,hip,andshouldershouldallbeinlinetosupportthekick.
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TIPS
Thiskickmaybemadetotheshinsorkneesaswellastothemidsection.
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GETTINGUP
GroundfightingWheneveryou’reontheground,yourprimarygoalistogetup.Evengoodgroundfightersmustbeawareofthedangersofremainingontheground,sinceanyattackermayhaveaweaponoranaccomplice.
However,gettingupisalsoatacticaldecision.Ifyouropponentisstandingtooclose,youwillexposeyourselftodangerwhilerising.Herewedescribethesafestwaytostandupfromagroundfightingposition.
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,BackorSidePosition(BackPositionshown).
1.Assumeyourattackerhasbackedoff,perhapsinresponsetoakick.Bringyourselfuptoamodifiedsittingposition,keepingyourbasefootontheground,yourkickingfootup,andonehandonthesamesideasthebasefootupdefensively.Yourotherhandshouldbeonthegroundforsupport.Yourkickingfootshouldbereadytostompoutward,althoughitwillbelesspowerfulinthisposition.Usingyourbasefootandbasehand,liftyourhipsofftheground.
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2.Quicklyswingyourkickingfootbackbeneathyou;besuretoplaceitbehindyou,notdirectlybeneathyourhips.
3.Standup,coveringdistancebackwardasyoudo.
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TIPSWhenswingingyourfootbeneathyou,moveyourfootandhiponadiagonalratherthanstraightback.Thisisaneasiermovement.
Ifyoucannotliftyourhipsoffthegroundusingonehand,youcanusetwo.Justbeawarethatyouarelessprotectedthisway.
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OrangeBelt
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ORANGEBELT
OVERVIEW
OrangeBelt(sometimestermed“Level2”ataKravMagaWorldwideschool)isthesecondstageofourcurriculum.Hereyou’lllearnbasicstrikessuchashookpunchesanduppercutpunches,sidekicks,andbackkicks.You’llalsolearnhowtodealwithmorecommonattackssuchasbearhugs.
Theaveragetrainingtimeforthislevelissixmonths,assumingyoutrainatleasttwiceaweek.Atthislevel,youwillseethecontinuationoftheKravMagaprinciples.Forinstance,inYellowBeltyoulearnedthepluckingprincipletodefendagainstanattacker’shandsonyourthroat.InOrangeBelt,youwillapplythatsamepluckingprincipletoaheadlockfrombehind.
InYellowBelt,wetouchedongroundfightingpositions,movement,andkicks.InOrangeBelt,youwilllearnhowtohandleanattackerwhoisactuallyontopofyou.Thisisvitalbecause,althoughweneverrecommendgoingtotheground,sometimesinafightyouhavenochoiceandmustdealwiththesituationthatisimposeduponyou.
Thefollowingmaterialiscoveredatthislevel:
CombativesOnceyouhavemasteredbasiccombatives,begintopracticecombinations.Anycombinationthatdevelopsyourskillindeliveringmultipleattacksatvariousanglesandheightsisbeneficial.However,thebestcombinationsarethosewithpracticalapplicationsinafight.Onlyafewbasiccombinationsaredescribedhere.Youshouldfeelfreetodevelopyourown.Asabeginner,it’simportanttokeepfocusingasmuchontheindividualtechniquesasonthecombination.Beginwithsimplecombinationsandaddtothemasyoubecomemoreconfident.Inallcombinations,thestrikesshouldoverlap.Asyoufinishonepunch,thenextshouldalreadybetravelingtowardthetarget.
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shouldalreadybetravelingtowardthetarget.
DefensesandSelf-DefenseWheneverpossible,KravMagapreferstodefendkickswiththelegs.However,incertaininstancesitmaybenecessarytomakehanddefensesinstead.Thissectiondescribesbothlegandhanddefensesagainstlowkicks.Italsotouchesonseveralcommonself-defensescenarios.
ChokeDefenseagainstaWallThesedefensesaredirectlyrelatedtoChokewithaPush(page<?>).However,somepointsofemphasisareimportantenoughtowarrantaseparatelesson.Basicknowledgeofthistypeofchokemustincludetheunderstandingthatyoumaybedrivenbothbackintothewallandupward.
HeadlockfromBehindHeadlocksfrombehindrepresentthemostdangerousandimmediatethreats.Alltrainingshouldconsiderthisdangerandtheneedtorespondasquicklyaspossible.Thebar-armversionoftheheadlockpresentsamoreimmediateattack,quicklycrushingthewindpipe.However,itismoderatelyeasiertodefend.Thecarotidchoketakesslightlylongerbeforeitiseffective,butismoredifficulttodealwith.
Althoughwepresenttwoheadlockdefenses,aquickreviewwillrevealthattheyareessentiallythesamedefense.Theonlyrealdifferencesare:a)youhavetoreachfartherbackagainstthecarotidchoke,andb)thebararmrequiresyoutopluckdownalongyourchest,whereasthecarotidchokerequiresyoutopluckalongyourshoulder.Thispluckinganglehappensalmostautomatically.
ANoteonTrainingfromaDisadvantage:AlthoughKravMagaprinciplesalwaysemphasizetrainingfromadisadvantage,youshouldneverletanyonegetyouintoastrongheadlock(especiallythecarotidchoke)andthentrytomakethedefense.Alwaysrespondasearlyaspossible!
BearhugsBearhugsrepresentacommontypeofattack,especially(butnotexclusively)againstwomen.Youshouldbeawareofthefollowing:Assumingyouare
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againstwomen.Youshouldbeawareofthefollowing:Assumingyouaresurprised,iftheattacker’sintentionistotakeyoutotheground,youaregoingtotheground,andyoufightfromthere.Noneofthesetechniques(infact,notechnique)willworkifyouaretotallysurprisedbya“dumping”motion.That’swheregroundfightingcomesin.
Thesetechniquesassumethateitherthereissomedelayinthedumpingtechnique(causedbyyouortheattacker’smethod)orthathisintentionistoholdyou,ortakeyousomewhere,ratherthanputyouonthegroundimmediately.
Bearhugsareapartofmanydangerousscenarios,includingbeingcarriedintoasecludedareaorbeingdumpedontheground.However,whileallthesesituationsareproblematic,thereisnoimmediatedangerpresentedbythebearhugitself.Unlikechokes,bearhugsthemselvesdonotcauseimmediatedamage.Thisisimportantbecausewithnoimmediatedangertoaddress,KravMaga’sresponseistocounterattackimmediately.Ifthereisevenminimalspacetooperate,KravMagasimplycounterattacks.Iftheattackerishuggingyoucloseenoughtolimitevenshortkneesandfootstomps,youmustcreateatleastminimalspacetooperate.
Allthesetechniqueswillbeginwitha“spaceandbase”reaction;shiftyourhipsback,bodyslightlyforward,feetinafightingstance,andcenterofgravitylow.
FallsThefightisunpredictable,andyoumayenduponthegroundforavarietyofreasons(slipping,beingswept,ortrippingoverobstacles,forexample).Itisimportanttolearnhowtofallsafely.
GroundfightingIntheYellowBeltsection,weintroducedverybasicissuesontheground—movementandkicking.InOrangeBelt,weincludebasicgrapplingskillsappliedinself-defensesituations.Thesetechniquesarestillbasic,andareappliedinself-defensesituationsonly.Whilethesetechniquesdoassumeverystrongattacks,theydonotaddressalltheaspectsofagroundfight.Theyareexplosiveresponsestoimmediatethreats,ratherthanthe“chessmatch”responseandcounterresponsemovesofalargergroundfightingprogram.Asyoutraininthesetechniques,beawarethatthereisamuchlargerworldofgroundfighting,andthatthesetechniquesareonlyasmallportionrelatedtoself-defense.
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thatthesetechniquesareonlyasmallportionrelatedtoself-defense.
ANoteonKravMaga’sApproachtoGroundfighting:Whetheryouareproficientonthegroundornot,ourmainobjectiveduringagroundfightalwaysremainsthesame:togetupasquicklyaspossible!
Duringgroundfights,youareextremelyvulnerabletoasecondattacker,ortostabsiftheopponentproducesanedged/pointedweapon.
Thereareafewbasictermsandpositionsyoushouldknowbeforereadingfurther.
Mount:onepersonontop,straddlingthebottomperson.
Guard:thepersononthebottomhashislegswrappedaroundthetopperson,givingthebottompersonsomemeasureofcontrol.
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BOBBINGANDWEAVINGCombativesBobbingandweavingaredefensivemaneuversusedtoavoidpunches.Theycanbeextremelyhandy,evenifyou’reinterestedonlyinself-defense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Dropstraightdownbybendingslightlyatyourkneesandslightlyatyourwaist,contractingyourabs.Keepyourhandsup!
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2.Riseupandtotheside—NOTstraightbackup.Themovementshouldbetothedead(i.e.,punching)side.Inotherwords,againstalefthook,riseupandtoyourright.Againstarighthook,riseupandtoyourleft.Generally,therisingmovementshouldbeforwardaswellastotheside.Thisputsyouinagoodpositiontocounterattack.
TIPS
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TIPS
Besurenottolookdownasyouduck.Youreyesshouldstayupsoyoucanseethefight.
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SLIPPING
Combatives“Slipping”istheactofmovingfromsidetosidetoavoidapunch(generallyastraightoruppercut).Usuallyyoucanslipbysimplymakingasmallheadorbodydefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’spunchdevelops,moveyourheadsidewaysandin,towardthedeadsideofthepunch(i.e.,ifaleftpunchisthrown,movetotherightandinward;ifarightpunchisthrown,movetotheleftandinward).Themotionshouldbelargeenoughtoevadethepunch,butstillassmallaspossible(don’texaggeratethemotion).
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TIPSBesurethemovementistothesideandINWARDsothatyoucangivecounterattacks.
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HOOKPUNCH
CombativesAhookpunchisgenerallysuitablewhenyouropponentisclose.Ratherthanpunchingstraightahead,youbendyourelbowandpuncharoundyouropponent’sdefense,aimingatthesideofhisfaceorbody.Bodymovementisextremelyimportantwhenexecutingahookpunch.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Sendyourleftfistforward,bringingyourelbowupsothatyourforearmisparalleltothefloor.Theelbowshouldremainbent.Asyourhandtravelstothetarget,themeatypart(thepinkyendofthefist)shouldremaindown.Rotateyourleftshoulderandhipforwardandinward,addingpowerinthedirectionofthepunch.Makecontactwithyourfirsttwoknucklesagainstthesideofyouropponent’sjaworbody.Pivotingtheleft(front)footwilladdpowertoaleft(orforward)hookpunch.
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2.Recoil.Thefastestwaytorecoverfromthehookpunchistosimplydropyourelbowdown.Thisbringsyourhandupintoaguardposition.Thenrotateyourbodybackintoanormalfightingstance.
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TIPS
Forbeginners,weemphasizepunchingwiththepinkydowntoprotectthehead.Onceyouhavepracticed,youcanrotateyourfistsothatthepalmfacesdown.
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UPPERCUTPUNCH
CombativesAnuppercutcanbethoughtofasahookpunchatadifferentangle.Whereasthebodyrotatesinwardinthedirectionofthehookpunch,theuppercutpunchrotatesthebodyupward.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Bendslightlyatthewaist(contractingyourabs)andknees.Thiswilldropyourcenterabitbelowthetarget.Theamountofbendcanbeveryslight,dependingontheheightofyouropponent.Themeatypartofyourfistfacesoutward(towardyouropponent’sbody).
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2.Punchoutandupward,rotatingyourleftshoulderinwardandupward.Keepyourelbowclosetoyourbodyatalltimes.Donotdropyourhanddowntoyourwaist—thiswouldexposeyoutoacounterpunch.Asyourpunchrisestowardthetarget,driveyourlegsupwardaswell,addingpower.Justbeforecontact,rotateyourfistsothatyourpalmfacesbacktowardyou,whichaddstorquetothepunch.
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Recoil.Theuppercutshouldpunchthroughthetarget,thenpullbackdowninapiston-likemotion.
TIPS
Useyourlegstogeneratepower.
Don’tforgetyoucanmakearightuppercutaswell.
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LEFT/RIGHT/LEFTHOOKCombativesThissequenceisarapidcombinationofleftstraightpunch,rightstraightpunch,andlefthook.Theattackchangesangles,andpossiblyheights.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Throwaleftstraightpunch.Besureyourlefthandcomesbacktoyourfaceasitrecoils(don’tletitrecoillowinpreparationforthehook).
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2.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendarightstraightpunch,rotatingyourhipsforpowerbutnotchangingyourstance.
3.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendalefthook,turninginwithyourlefthipandshoulder.
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Recoil,returningtofightingstance.
TIPSTherhythmofthepunchesshouldbethesame.Avoidapausebetweentherightpunchandthehook.Thepunchesshouldoverlap(i.e.,begintherightpunchastheleftrecoils,notafter).
Yourpartnershouldbringthefocusmittintoaboutthecenterofhischestwhenholdingforthehookpunch,andtiltthefingersoutwardslightly,creatingasafeangleforyourpunch.
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LEFT/RIGHT/LEFTHOOK/RIGHTUPPERCUTCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Throwaleftstraightpunch.Besureyourlefthandcomesbacktoyourfaceasitrecoils(don’tletitrecoillowinpreparationforthehook).
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2.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendarightstraightpunch,rotatingyourhipsforpowerbutnotchangingyourstance.
3.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendalefthook,turninginwithyourlefthipandshoulder.Besureyourrighthandrecoilstoyourfaceaftertherightstraightpunch,andNOTlowasthoughpreparingfortheuppercut.
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4.Continuewitharightuppercutpunch.
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Recoil,returningtofightingstance.
TIPS
Therhythmofthepunchesshouldbethesame.Avoidanyhesitationafterthetwostraightsandbeforethehook/uppercut.
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LEFT/RIGHT/BOB/RIGHT
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CombativesThiscombinationsimulatesthrowingaleft/rightcombination,thenduckingalefthookandcounteringwithanotherrightpunch.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Throwaleftstraightpunch.Besureyourlefthandcomesbacktoyourfaceasitrecoils(don’tletitrecoillow).
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2.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendarightstraightpunch,rotatingyourhipsforpowerbutnotchangingyourstance.
3–4.Keepingyourhandsup,duckor“bob”toevadealefthook.Theduckingmotionmaymoveyouslightlybackward,butthisshouldaddmorepowertotheimminentrightcross.
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5.Deliverarightcrosspunch.Makesurethereisnodelayindeliveringit—beginyourpunchevenasyouarerisingfromthebob.
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Recoil,returningtofightingstance.
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LEFTPUNCH/RIGHTELBOW
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Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Makeastrongleftjab(don’tcheatitinpreparationfortheelbow).Asyouthrowthejab,makeasmalladvancetosetuptheelbow.Theadvanceshouldplaceyouslightlyoutsideyouropponent’sfoot.
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2.Deliverarightelbowstrike.
Recoverquickly—don’tlettheelbowstriketakeyouoffbalance.
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LEFT/RIGHT/LEFTHOOK/RIGHTELBOWCombativesThiscombinationissimilartoLeft/Right/LeftHook/RightUppercut,excepttheuppercutisreplacedwithElbow#1.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Throwaleftstraightpunch.Besureyourlefthandcomesbacktoyourfaceasitrecoils(don’tletitrecoillowinpreparationforthehook).
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2.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendarightstraightpunch,rotatingyourhipsforpowerbutnotchangingyourstance.
3.Asthatpunchrecoils,sendalefthook,turninginwithyourlefthipandshoulder.Besureyourrighthandrecoilstoyourfaceaftertherightstraightpunch,andNOTlowasthoughpreparingfortheelbow.
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4.Continuewitharightelbowstrike.Besureyou’recloseenoughtothrowtheelbow!
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Recoil,returningtofightingstance.
TIPS
Therhythmofthepunchesshouldbethesame.Avoidanyhesitationafterthetwostraightsandbeforethehook/elbow.
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RIGHTUPPERCUT/LEFTHOOK/RIGHTCROSSCombativesThiscombinationisuniquebecauseitisinitiatedwithanuppercutinsteadofastraightpunch.Therightcrosscaneasilybereplacedwitharightelbow.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,closeintoaccommodatetheuppercutpunch.
1.Throwarightuppercut.
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2.Recoil.Makesureyourrighthandrecoilstoyourfaceafterthepunch.Immediatelyfollowwithalefthook.
3.Recoilandimmediatelyfollowwitharightcross.
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Recoil,returningtofightingstance.
TIPSTherhythmofthepunchesshouldbethesame.Avoidanyhesitationbetweenthem.Theuppercutshouldloadthelefthook.
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DEFENSIVEFRONTKICK
CombativesUnlikeFrontKicktoaVerticalTarget(page74),whichisdesignedtopenetrateandcausedamage,themainpurposeofadefensivefrontkickistoeitherstopanadvancingopponentortopushacloseopponenttoagreaterdistance.Forthisreason,wekickwiththewholefoot.Moresurfaceareameansthekickwillpushmorethanpenetrate.
Caution:Ifyouarenotexperiencedwithkicks,youareindangerofhyperextendingyourknees.Alwayspracticethekickagainstastationaryopponentbeforeworkingagainstanadvancingtarget.Thenbeginworkingagainstanadvancingtargetthatismovingslowly.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Bringyourrightkneeuphigh,withyourtoesflexedback(notpointed).Sendyourfootforward,kickingwiththeentiresoleofyourfoot(balltoheel).Oncontact,yourkneeshouldstillbeslightlybent.Aswithanykick,besuretoextendyourhip,whichaddsreachandpower.Also,drivewithyourbaselegfor
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morepower.
Recoil(eitherforwardorback)quickly.
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SIDEKICK
CombativesSidekickdiffersfromfrontkickandroundkick;itissimilartoastomp.Contactismadewiththebottomoftheheel.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.Thetargetshouldbedirectlytoyourrightside.
1.Usingtheright(closest)leg,bringyourkneeandfootupinfrontofyourbody.
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2.Sendthebottomofyourheelouttowardthetargetwhilepunchingyourhipsinthesamedirection.Formorepowerandgreaterheight,bendyourbodyovertheoppositehip.Asyourfootmovestowardthetarget,pivotyourleft(base)footoutsothatyourleftheelpointstowardthetarget.Makecontactwiththebottomofyourrightheel.Yourkneeshouldbeslightlybentwhenyoumakecontact.
Recoilbymakingasharpmovementtobringyourfootbacktowardyouanddown,whilestraighteningyourbodybacktoaverticalfightingstance.Turnandfacetheattacker.
TIPS
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TIPS
Althoughyourshouldersmayleanawayfromthetarget,yourweightshouldtransferthroughyourhipsintothetarget.
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SIDEKICKWITHADVANCE
CombativesSidekickwithadvanceletsyoucoverdistanceanddelivermorepower.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.Thetargetshouldbedirectlytoyourrightside.
1–2.Bursttowardyourtargetwithaswitch:simultaneouslybringyourleft(back)legtowardthetargetwhilebringingyourright(close)legup,kneechamberedinfrontofyourbody.Yourleftheelshouldpointatthetarget.
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3.Sendthebottomofyourrightheeltowardthetargetwhileshiftingyourhipsinthesamedirection.Formorepowerandgreaterheight,bendyourbodyoveryourlefthip.Makecontactwiththebottomofyourheel.Keepaslightbendinyourkneewhenyoumakecontact.
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Recoilbymakingasharpmovementthatbringsyourfootbacktowardyouanddown,whilestraighteningyourbodyuprighttoafightingstance.
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BACKKICK
CombativesBackkickismorelikesidekickthanfrontorroundkick,inthesensethatit’ssimilartoastomp.Youmakecontactwiththebottomofyourheel.Practicebackkickfirstwhileinplace,thenpracticeitwithasmallstep.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.Thetargetisbehindyou.First,recognizethethreatwithabrief,naturalglanceoveryourshoulder.
1–2.Chamberyourrightkneeinfrontofyou,thensendyourrightfootbackward,toesdown(notpointed),towardthetarget.Makecontactwithyourheelgoingintothetarget.Atthesametime,bendyourbodyforwardandshiftyourhipsbackwardintothekick.Asyoukick,lookaroundyourarm,notoveryourshoulder.Ifyoucontinuelookingoveryourshoulder,youwillbeunabletobendandshiftyourweightintothekick.
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Recoil.Asabeginner,youmayendupwithyourbacktothetarget.Onceyou’vemasteredthekick,recoilwhilepivotingonyourleft(base)footsothatyouarefacingthetarget.
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UPPERCUTBACKKICK(SHORT)CombativesThisattackisgenerallymadetoanopponentwhoisbehindyou.ItisusefulasonecounterattackagainstBearhugfromBehind(page307),especiallywhenyou’rebeingliftedofftheground.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.Yourtargetisbehindyou.
1.Raiseyourrightfootupsharply,withyourkneefullybent.Strikewithyourheel.Asmuchaspossible,“pop”yourhipupwiththehelpofyourleftlegforaddedpower.
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TIPSBendingyourkneesharplyallowsafullrangeofmotion.
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FRONTKICKWITHADVANCE(FROMAFIGHTINGSTANCE)CombativesYoucanperformafrontkickwithanadvancewhenthetargetisbeyondkickingrange.Aswithalladvancingkicks,thetechniqueismadeusingthelegclosesttothetarget.Youcanstartfromaneutralstanceorfightingstance.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Bringyourrightfootforwardwhilesimultaneouslybringingyourleftfootupinafrontkick.Themovementshouldbemadewitha“switching”actionsothatthemovementsofthefrontandbacklegarealmostsimultaneous.
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Landwithyourkickinglegslightlytotheoutside.
TIPS
Donotstepfirstandthenkick.Makethemovementsascloseintimeaspossible.
Donotjumpupwardwhenmakingtheswitch;instead,thinkoftravelingforwardalongtheground.
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FRONTKICKWITHADVANCE(FROMANEUTRALSTANCE)CombativesInthistechnique,youmaykickwitheitherfoot.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralstance.
1–2.Burstdiagonallyforwardwithonefootwhiledeliveringafrontkickwiththeother.
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Landwiththekickinglegslightlytotheoutside.
TIPS
DONOTstepfirstandthenkick.Themovementsshouldbesimultaneous.
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SIDEKICKORBACKKICK/HAMMERFIST
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CombativesAfterdeliveringabackkickorsidekick(sidekickisshownhere),thenextmostimmediateweaponisoftenahorizontalhammerfistwiththecorrespondinghand.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,withthetargettoyourleftside.
1.Deliverasidekick(orbackkick),beingsuretorecoilyourfootafterimpact.
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2.Asyouplaceyourkickingfootdown,putitinapositionsothatyoucanadequatelydeliverthehammerfist(inotherwords,slightlyoutsideandbeyondthetarget).
Asyourfootlands,youshouldbedeliveringthehammerfist.
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INSIDEPUNCHDEFENSEWITHCOUNTERATTACKAGAINSTLEFTPUNCHDefensesOnceyouhavemasteredthebasicdefenseagainststraightpunches,addcounterattacksthatwilleliminateorinhibitfurtherattacks.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Asyouropponent’sleftpunchdevelops,makeaninsidedefensewithyourrighthand.Atthesametime,makealeftjabtoyourattacker’sface.
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TIPS
Besurethatthebodydefenseaccompanyingyourhanddefensetakesyouforward,allowingyoutoputstrengthintoyourcounterattack.
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INSIDEPUNCHDEFENSEWITHCOUNTERATTACKAGAINSTLEFTPUNCHUSINGLEFTHAND
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DefensesYoumayhavetodefendagainstaleftpunchwithyourlefthand,eitherbecauseofaninjurytoyourrighthandorbymisreadingtheattackandattemptingtorecoverfromabadposition.Weneverpreferthisdefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’sleftpunchdevelops,withyourlefthandmakearegularinsidedefense.Foradditionalsafety,rotateyourwristsharplyasyouredirect,tryingtostayclosetotheattacker’swrist.Yourdefensewillnowbemadeagainsttheinsideoftheattackinghand,ratherthantheoutsideasusual.Yourhanddefenseshouldbeaccompaniedbyabodydefense.Thebodydefensemaybeslightlylargerthanusualtoaccommodatethepossibilitythattheattacker’selbowmaybendaroundyourdefense.
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2.Immediatelymakeahammerfisttotheheadwithyourlefthand.Besuretobringyourleftshoulderupandtuckyourchinwhilemakingthecounterattack.Thisreducesyourexposuretotheattacker’srightpunch.
Followwithadditionalcounterattacks.
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INSIDEDEFENSEWITHCOUNTERATTACKAGAINSTRIGHTPUNCH(TWOCOUNTERS)DefensesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance
1.Astheattacker’srightpunchdevelops,makeaninsidedefensewithyourlefthand.Atthesametime,makearightpunchlowtotheattacker’sribsorstomach.Besureyourecoilthepunch.
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2.Usinga“hooking”motionwithyourlefthand,pulltheattacker’srighthanddownslightly.
3.Havingclearedtherightpunch,burstinwithyourfeetandmakearightpunchtotheattacker’sface.
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TIPSIfyourreactiontimeisgood,youshouldburstinduringtheinitialdefense.
Also,whenyouhooktheattacker’shand,donotpulldowntoofar;onlypulldownenoughtoclearhishandoutoftheway.Ifyoupulltoofar,yourhandwillbeoutofposition.
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INSIDEDEFENSEWITHCOUNTERATTACKAGAINSTRIGHTPUNCH(ONECOUNTER)DefensesOftenyouwillnothavetimetomakeasimultaneousdefenseandcounterattacktothebody.Inthiscase,asinglecounterattackmustsuffice.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance
1.Astheattacker’srightpunchdevelops,makeaninsidedefensewithyourlefthand.
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2.Usinga“hooking”motionwithyourlefthand,pulltheattacker’srighthanddown.
3.Havingclearedtherightpunch,burstinwithyourfeetandmakearightpunchtotheattacker’sface.Thepunchshouldfollowthedefenseassoonaspossible.
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TIPSWhenyouhooktheattacker’shand,donotpulldowntoofar;onlypulldownenoughtoclearhishandoutoftheway.Ifyoupulltoofar,yourhandwillbeoutofposition.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHOOKPUNCH(EXTENDED)DefensesThisdefense,whichissimilarto360ºDefense#3,ismadeagainstahookpunch.Theattackcomesfromtheoutside,andyoumakeyourdefensewithanoutwardmotiontomeetit.Thisdefensestopstheattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’spunchdevelops,sendyourleftforearmouttomeetit,yourhandinafist.Yourelbowshouldbebentandthebackofyourhandshouldfacetheattack.Makecontactasclosetotheattacker’swristaspossible.Avoidmakingcontactathiselbow—thiswouldallowthepunchtocomearoundyourdefense.Asyoumakethedefense,takeyourheadforwardandinslightly.Thisbodydefensehelpsavoidahookpunch.
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TIPSGenerally,thedirectionofyourdefensewillbesidewaysfromtheshoulder,notforward.Youmayalsosimplyuse360ºDefenses.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHOOKPUNCH(COVERING)DefensesThistechniqueisaprotectivecoveringdefense.Theadvantageisthatyouleaveverylittleroomforanattacktopenetrate.Ifyoumakethedefensewell,yourforearmandbicepprotectyourheadfrominjury.Thedisadvantagesarethatyourribsaremoreexposedandyoumaybeabitslowertocounterattack.Inaddition,thecoveringdefensedoesnothelpagainstaknifeattack.Forthisreason,wegenerallyprefertheextendeddefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Asanattacker’slefthookpunchcomestowardyou,drawyourrightfistbacksothatit’stouchingthebackofyourheadandyourforearmispressedagainstthesideofyourhead.Yourelbowshouldpointforward,notoutatanangle.Ifit’soutatanangle,yourchinwillbeopentouppercuts.
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TIPS
Don’tjustbringyourhandbacktothesideofyourhead.Yourhanditselfdoesnotofferprotectionandcanbedamaged(remember,we’renotwearingboxingglovesonthestreet).Bringyourhandfarenoughbacksothattheforearmprotectsyourhead.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTUPPERCUTPUNCH
DefensesThisdefenseredirectstheuppercutpunch.SomeoftheprinciplesofthisdefensearethesameasforInsideDefensesagainstStraightPunches:defendwiththesame-sidearm;themovementisinward;thedefenseredirectsthepunch.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Asanattacker’srightuppercutpunchbegins,moveyourleft(mirror-side)arminwardandupward.Yourelbowshouldleadthemotion.Makecontactwithyourarmtothesideoftheattacker’sarm.
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3.Continuethemotioninwardandupward,rotatingyourhandandforearmandredirectingthepunchawayfromyourface.Asyoumakethearmmotion,allowyourarmtoturnyourbodyandtakeyourheadtotheoutside,creatingabodydefense.
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360ºDEFENSEWITHCOUNTERATTACKDefenses“Defendandcounterattackatthesametime”isabasicprincipleofKravMaga.360ºDefensescaneasilybemadewithasimultaneouscounterattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Defendagainstanyattackwitha360ºDefense.Addapunchtothefacewithyourfreehand.
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TIPS
Thepunchshouldbesimultaneouswiththedefense.
Youshouldtrainfromdifferentstatesofreadiness.Ifyouareearly,youshouldburstforwardwithyourfeet.Ifyouarelate,youmaynothavetimetomoveyourfeetbutshouldstillputweightintothedefenseandcounterattack.
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REFLEXIVEDEFENSEAGAINSTFRONTKICK
DefensesThisdefenseisreflexive,andassumesthatyouarenotexpectinganattackofanykindandcanonlyrespondinstinctively.Thiskickalsoassumesthatyourhandsaredownatyoursidesatthebeginningoftheattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passive/neutralstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,sweepyourlefthandacrossyourbody.Bendatthewaisttoreachthekickatanearlypoint.Themovementofyourarmshouldbeonadiagonal,outandawayfromyourbody.Yourarmshouldbestiffandstraight,withfingersextended.Makesureyourwristisstraight!Youdonotwanttocreateanyanglesagainstthekick.
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2.Withthisrigiddefendingarm,redirectthesideofthekickingleg.Atthesametime,makeabodydefense,leaninginwithyourleftshoulder,pivotingyourrightshoulderandhipoutofthelineoftheattack.Yourrighthandshouldriseupandacrosstotheleftsideofyourface.Thisputsyourhandinapositiontodefendeitheraleftorrightpunch.
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3–4.Asyoumakethedefense,burstin.Trapwithyourrighthand,thenswitchthetraptoyourlefthandtocounterattackwithyourright.
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TIPS
Toprotectyourdefendingarmfromhyperextension,youmaybendyourelbowslightly.
VARIATION:Alternately,withyourrighthand,traptheattacker’srighthand,counterattackingwiththeleft.Thisisfaster,butmaybelesscomfortableandpowerful.
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OUTSIDESTABBINGDEFENSEAGAINSTFRONTKICKDefensesThisdefenseismadefromafightingstancewhenyourlegsareunavailabletodefend,suchaswhenyou’velostyourbalanceoryourlegsareinjured.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Asanattacker’skickdevelops,stabdowntowardtheattacker’skneewithyourright(back)hand;burstintowardtheattackerataslightdiagonal.Keepyourelbowinandthemeatypartofyourhandpointingbacktowardyourbody.Thisensuresthatyourarmisstraight,creatingnoangleagainstthekick.Keepyourshoulderssquaretoyourattacker—turningyourrightsideinwillredirectthekicktoyourbody,notawayfromit.Besureyourlefthandisup,protectingyourface,incasethekickisfollowedbyanimmediatepunch.Assoonasyou’veredirectedthekick,moveyourrightarmslightlyoutward,creatingalargerdefense.
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TIPSIftheattackerdidnotthrowapunch,useyourleft(forward)handtopunch.Makethepunchassoonaspossibleafterthekick,andfollowwitharightpunchandadditionalcounterattacks.
Iftheattackerthrewapunch,useyourlefthandtodefendthentrap,andcounterattackwiththeright.
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PLUCKINGDEFENSEAGAINSTLOWTOMEDIUMFRONTKICKDefensesThisdefensecanbemadetotheliveordeadside,usingeitherhand.However,itisgenerallyeasiertodefendonyourlivesidebecauseitmakesthebodydefensesimpler(thehipsarealreadyturned).However,thesetwooptionsarenotalwaysofferedatthesametime.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,reachoutwithyourrighthandtowardtherisingkick;trytoavoidofferinganangletothekickthatcouldcauseyoutobekickedontheforearm.
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2–3.Asyourhandpassesthekick,pluckbackward,lettingyourelbowandforearmslidetightalongyourbody.Asyoupluckorpullatthefoot,letthatmotionpullyourbodyforward(withyourleftsideleading),makingabodydefense;burstinwithyourfeet.Ifyouplucktoyourliveside,youwillburstforwardinaregularfightingposition.
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4.Counterattackwithyourrighthand.
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TIPS
Thistechniquemustbeperformedquickly;yourdefendinghandmovesinaquick“pickpocket”motion.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHFRONTKICK
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DefensesThisisaredirectingdefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,bringyourleft(forward)forearmacrossyourfaceandupperbody,paralleltothefloor.Yourhandmaybeinafist—rotateitsothatthemeatypartofyourhandmakesthedeflection.Asyoumakethehanddefense,addasmallbodydefensebymovingyourleftshoulderinandturningyourrightshoulderslightlyout.Besureyourweightstaysinthefight!
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2.Continuewithcounters:eitherahammerfistwiththelefthand(aftermakingthedefense)orarightcross(orboth).
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DEFENSEAGAINSTLOWROUNDKICK(USINGTHESHIN)DefensesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattackermakesarightroundkick,bringyourleftkneeup,angledoutatabout45°(yourkneeshouldpointtowardtheincomingkick).Yourtoesshouldbepulledup(thishelpstoflexthemusclesalongthecalf,offeringatleastsomeprotectionfortheshin).Incasethekickcomeshighinsteadoflow,haveyourleftarmupinadefensivepositionwiththeelbowtouchingyourleft(defending)thigh,makingacompletewallfromfoottofist.
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2.Trytomakethedefensewiththemiddleorupperportionofyourshinagainsttheattacker’sankle.Asthekickmakescontact,letyourshin“give”slightly,creatingashockabsorbereffect.Thenpopyourfootbackout,pushingthekickingfootaway.
TIPS
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TIPS
Iftheattackerdeliversaleftroundkicklow,youmayofcourseusetheother(rear)leg.However,someleftroundkickstargetyourforwardleg,soyoumayuseyourforwardlegtodefend.Theruleofthumb:Usetheclosestlegtodefend!
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DEFENSEAGAINSTLOWROUNDKICK(ABSORBINGWITHTHIGH)DefensesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,pivotontheballofyourleftfootsoyourkneepointstowardtheincomingkick.Flexyourquadriceps(thighmuscles)andbendyourkneeslightly.Taketheimpactonthestrongthighmuscle.Donottakethekickonthesideofyourleg,whichismorepainful.
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STOPKICKDEFENSEAGAINSTFRONTKICKDefenses
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,liftyourleftkneealmostasthoughpreparingtogiveasidekick(butdon’tchamberquitethathigh).
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2.Withyourtoesturnedinward,stompontheattacker’sshinor,ifyoumeettheattackveryearly,hisknee.
TIPS
Thisdefenseisveryeffective,butitassumesyouseethekickearlyorintime.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTFRONTKICK(REDIRECTINGWITHSHIN)DefensesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattacker’skickdevelops,bringyourleftkneeupandacrossyourgroin.Yourkneeshouldnotbetoobent(inotherwords,thefootshouldbealmostrightbeneaththeknee).Ifitisbent,thiscreatesanangleagainstthefrontkick,whichyoudon’twant.Yourshinshouldbrushthesideoftheattackingfootorleg.Asyoumakecontact,redirectthekickawayfromyourgroin,allowingthemotiontocontinue,ifpossible.
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CHOKEFROMTHEFRONTAGAINSTAWALLSelf-DefensePracticethedefenseagainstChokefromtheFrontwithaPush(page102).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,backtoawall,withanattackerchokingyoufromthefront,pinningyoutothewall.
1.Stabyourlefthandstraightuptothesky.Yourleftbicep/shouldershouldbeasclosetoyourleftearaspossible.
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2.Turnsharplytotheright,droppingyourrightshoulderdownsothatyourbodyandneckstayagainstthewall.
3.Cleartheattacker’shands:bendslightlyattheknees,deliveringadownward
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verticalelbowstrike(#7)withyourleftarm,whilebringingyourrighthandupinatrappingmotion.
4.Deliveranupwardangledelbowstrike(#2)toyouropponent’sface.Besurethereisweightbehindtheattack!Continuewithfurthercounters.
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TIPSDroppingyourshoulderisvital.Ifyoukeepyourshoulderupasyouturn,youwillincreasethepressureonyourthroat,whichisnotgood.Dropyourshoulderasyourotateandthehandswillcomeoffyourthroatsmoothly.
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CHOKEFROMBEHINDAGAINSTAWALLSelf-DefenseAlltheprinciplesofChokefromBehindwithaPush(page105)apply.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,facingawall,withanattackerchokingyoufrombehind.
1–2.Raiseonehandupalongthewallandturnsharplybacktowardtheattacker.UnlikeinChokefromtheFront(page189),youdonothavetheoptionofdefendingtoeitherside.Yourfacewillbeturnedtoonesideortheother,andyoumustpivotinthatdirection.Asyouturn,droptheshoulderonthenon-defendingsidedownsothatyourbodyandneckstayagainstthewall.
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3.Bringyourelbowdowntocleartheattacker’shandsandpinthemagainstyourbody.
4–5.Atthesametime,counterattackwithapunch,followedbymultipleknees.
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CHOKEFROMBEHINDWITHAPULLSelf-DefenseAstheattackerchokesandbeginstopull,intrainingletyourselfbepulledoffbalancebeforereacting(tosimulatearealsituation).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withanattackerchokingandpullingfrombehind.
1–2.Immediatelymakethepluckingmotion(thisisinstinctive)asthoughperformingaregularChokefromBehinddefense.Atthesametime,youmaytakeasmallstepbackwardwithonefoot.Thisisalsoinstinctive,tokeepyourbalance.Intraining,besurethestepissmall,asalargestepwillbeunlikelywhenyouaresurprised.
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3.Asyoupluck,stepthenpivotsharplytowardyourbackfoot,keepingholdoftheattacker’shandonthatside.
4.Asyoupivot,burstforwardwiththeotherfootandreleasetheattacker’soppositehand.Bringyourhandoverandpressagainstthepinkysideoftheattacker’shandwiththeheelofyourpalm(seeclose-up).Keephishandrelativelysquareinfrontofyourbody.
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5.Asyoucompletethelargestep,makeafrontkickor,ifappropriate,aroundkick(usingtheballofthefootifpossible)totheattacker’sgroin.ThiscanbefollowedbyaSideKicktotheknee,oradditionalattacks.
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TIPS
Theburstingmotionyouperformwhilepivoting(Step4)servesthreepurposes:1)itincreasespressureontheattacker’swrist;2)ithelpsyouregainyourbalance;and3)itgetsyoufartherawayfromtheattacker’sotherweapons.
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HEADLOCKFROMBEHIND(BARARM)Self-DefenseHere,theattackerlayshisforearmacrossyourthroattocrushit.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withanattackerapplyingaheadlockfrombehind.
1.Ifpossible,turnyourchinawayfromtheelbowandtowardtheattacker’sjoinedhands.Dropyourchindown.Sendbothhandsupandbackwardtotheattacker’sjoinedhands.Notethatbothyourhandsgooveroneshoulder;yourcloserhandcanleadtheotherslightly.Sendyourhandsbackfarenoughtoensurethey’llreachtheattacker’shands(thishasthepotentialbenefitofscratchingtheattacker’seyes).
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2.Usingthepluckingmotion,pullyourhandssharplydownalongyourchest(notethatthemotionisexplosive);turnyourinsideshouldersharplyinwardtocreateadditionalspace.
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3–4.Slideyourheadoutoftheopening.
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5.Makeimmediatecounterattackswithkicks,knees,fists,orwhateverisconvenient.
TIPSBypluckingdownalongyourchest,youwillbeplucking90°againstthechoke.Thisknowledgebecomesimportantforanoverallunderstandingofthedefense,butneednotbestudiedinitially.
Bothhandsmaytravelatthesametime,butthehandclosesttotheattacker’s
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Bothhandsmaytravelatthesametime,butthehandclosesttotheattacker’shandsmayarrivefirst.Ifso,thesecondhandshouldarriveimmediatelytohelp.
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HEADLOCKFROMBEHIND(CAROTIDCHOKE)Self-DefenseAlthoughthecarotidchokepresentsagreaterdangerthanthebararm,thedefenseisessentiallythesame.Theattackerreachesaroundyourneck,puttingyourthroatinthecrookofhiselbow.Inthisposition,hecanputpressureonthecarotidarteriesatthesidesofyourneck,stoppingbloodflowtoyourbrainandputtingyouto“sleep.”
Beawarethatanexperiencedattacker,giventime,cancreateproblematicattacksbycrossinghisreararmagainstthebackofyourneck,increasingpressureandhidingtheweakpartofthechoke.Forthisreason,awarenessandimmediatereactionbecomethebestdefenses.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance,withanattackerapplyingachokingheadlockfrombehind.
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1.Immediatelyturnyourchinawayfromtheelbowandtowardtheattacker’sjoinedhands.Dropyourchindown.
2.Sendbothhandsupandbackwardtotheattacker’sjoinedhands.Notethatbothyourhandsgooveroneshoulder.Sendyourhandsbackfarenoughtoensurethey’llreachtheattacker’shands(thishasthepotentialbenefitofscratchingtheattacker’seyes).
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3.Usingthepluckingmotion,pluckalongyourownshoulder,whichmakesthepluck90°tothehold(notethatthemotionisexplosive);turnyourinsideshouldersharplyinwardtocreateadditionalspace.
4–5.Slideyourheadoutoftheopening.
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6.Makeimmediatecounterattackswithknees,fists,orwhateverisconvenient.
TIPSAsyoureach,yournearhandmayarrivefirst(infact,againstthecarotidchoke,itprobablywill).Thisisfine,andwilloftenensurethatyoureachfarenoughback.Justbesureyoursecondhandarrivesintimetohelp.
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BEARHUGFROMTHEFRONTWITHARMSFREESelf-DefenseWithyourarmsfree,ifthereisspacetooperate,youhaveweaponsavailablebutyouareinseriousdangerofatakedown.Theattackerhas“underhooks,”whichmanywrestlersusetoinitiatetakedowns.Youmustpreventthistypeofattackwhileallowingmaximumpowerincounterattacks.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufromthefront,leavingyourarmsfree.
1.Astheattackerappliesthebearhug,kickyourhipsandfeetbackandloweryourcenterofgravity,makingyourselfhardertolift(spaceandbase).Reacharoundhisarmstoputbothofyourhandson(ornear)hiships.
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2.Deliverkneestrikesimmediately.
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Whenappropriate,releaseyourhandsandcontinuetocounterordisengageandmakedistance.
TIPS
Foradditionaldefensivetactics,seeBearhugfromtheFrontwithArmsFree—LeverageontheNeck(page207).
Iftheattackerislarge,itmaybedifficulttogetyourhandsnearhiships.Werelyonthekneetokeephimaway.Wealsorelyonthenexttechnique.
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BEARHUGFROMTHEFRONTWITHARMSFREE(LEVERAGEONTHENECK)Self-DefenseThisvariationispossibleasafollow-uptothepreviousdefense,orwhenspacerestrictionsorimbalancepreventyoufromdeliveringknees.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufromthefront,leavingyourarmsfree.
1.Astheattackersqueezesyouin,hisheadwillgenerallyturntoonesideortheotheragainstyourchest.Withyouropposite-sidearm,reacharoundtheattacker’shead,grabbingthehairatthetemple.Iftheattackerhasnohair,reachslightlyfartherandgrabalongthenoseridgewhilepressingintotheeyes.
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2.Twisttheattacker’sfaceaway.Hischinshouldrotateawayfromyourbody.Youmayuseyourotherhandtoaidthismotionbyplacingtheheelofyourpalmagainsthischinandpushing.
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3.Astheattackerispeeledaway,stepoutwithyourfoot,allowinghimtodropdown.Counterattackwithstraightpunchesorhammerfistpunches.
TIPSItisalsopossibletousethesame-sidehandanddrivethewebbingbetweenyourthumbandfingerunderhisnosetodrivetheattacker’schinup.
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BEARHUGFROMTHEFRONTWITHARMSCAUGHT(WITHSPACE)Self-DefenseIfthereisspace(i.e.,ifyourfeetarestableandthereisasmallgapbetweenyouandtheattacker),counterattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufromthefront,trappingyourarmsbutleavingsomespace.
1.Jamtheheelsofyourpalmsagainsttheattacker’shipstopreventhishipsfromgettingclosertoyou.
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2.Deliverkneestothegroinormidsection.
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3.Immediately,whenanyspaceiscreated,bringyourinsidehandupandlayyourforearmacrosstheattacker’snecktocontrolhisbody(preventinghimfromshootingin).
TIPSIfthereisspace,othercounterattackscanincludefootstompsorkickstothegroin.
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BEARHUGFROMTHEFRONTWITHARMSCAUGHT(NOSPACE)Self-DefenseInordertocounterattack,youmustcreatespace.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufromthefront,trappingyourarms.
1.Asthebearhugismade,sendoneorbothhandstotheattacker’sgroin.Thisshouldcausetheattackertoshifthishipsbackward,creatingspace.
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2.Jamtheheelsofyourpalmsagainsttheattacker’shipstopreventhishipsfromgettingclosertoyou.
3.Deliverkneestothegroinormidsection.
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4.Immediately,whenanyspaceiscreated,bringyourinsidehandupandlayyourforearmacrosstheattacker’snecktocontrolhisbody(preventinghimfromshootingin).
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TIPS
Toallowyourhandtostrikehisgroin,shiftyourhipsslightlytoonesideandstrikewiththeopen-sidehand.Wesay“strike”butofcourseyoucanalsograb,twist,andtear.Thismaygetthereactionyouwant!
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BEARHUGFROMBEHINDWITHARMSFREESelf-Defense
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufrombehind,leavingyourarmsfree.
1.Whengrabbedfrombehind,immediatelydropyourweightdownandforwardtomakeyourselfmoredifficulttolift(spaceandbase).
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2–3.Sendelbowstrikesbackwardtotheattacker’sface.Alwayssenda“one-two”combinationusingbothelbows.
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4.Ifyourelbowscreatespace,turnandcontinuewithstrikes.
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Ifyourelbowstrikesdon’tcreatespace,continuewithadditionalstrikes,includingstompstothefeet,heelstrikestotheshins,anduppercutbackkickstothegroin.
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BEARHUGFROMBEHINDWITHARMSCAUGHT(WITHSPACE)Self-DefenseSTARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufrombehind,trappingyourarmsbutleavingsomespace.
1.Whentheattackergrabs,immediatelydropyourweighttomakeyourselfmoredifficulttolift.
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2.Useyourarmstocreatespacebystrikingatthegroin—theattacksshouldcausedamagebutalsocreatemovementsoyouarehardtohold.
3–4.Makeadditionalcounterattackssuchasstomps,heelkickstotheattacker’sshin,elbowstothebody,anduppercutbackkickstothegroin.Besuretomakeyourselfextremelydifficulttoholdontobyshiftingandstrugglingagainstthehold.
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5.Assoonasenoughspaceiscreated,pivottofacetheattackerandcontinuecounterattacking.
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BEARHUGFROMBEHINDWITHARMSCAUGHT(NOSPACE)Self-DefenseTheprinciplesofthistechniqueareexactlythesameasthoseinBearhugfromtheFrontwithArmsCaught—withSpace(page209).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestancewhileanattackerbearhugsyoufrombehind,trappingyourarms.
1.Whentheattackergrabs,immediatelydropyourweighttomakeyourselfmoredifficulttolift.Notethatthismaybemoredifficult,assumingyou’vealreadybeensqueezedinfairlytight.
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2.Shiftyourhipsandsendonehandbackwardtostriketheassailant’sgroin,causingabackwardshiftinhishipstocreatespace.
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3.Oncespaceiscreated,continueasinBearhugfromBehindwithArmsCaught-withSpace(page216).
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BACKFALLBREAKFallsAsyoufall,yourgoalistoabsorbtheimpactalongyourpalmsandforearms,andalongthebroadmusclesinyourupperback,whileprotectingyourheadandlowerbackfrominjury.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standing.
1.Whenfirstlearningfallbreaks,youmaywanttostartbysquattinglow.
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2.Fallbackward,leadingasmuchaspossiblewithyourupperbodyandpullingyourhipsup.Tuckyourchinandkeepyourteethtogether.Thisprotectsyourheadandneck,andavoidstheriskofbitingyourtongue.
3.Asyoureachtheground,strikeithardwithyourpalmsatabouta45°angle.Donotleadwithyourelbows.Iftheystriketheground,youmayseriously
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damagethem.
4.Immediatelyrecoilyourhandsintoafightingposition.
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SIDEFALLBREAK
FallsSidefallbreakfollowsallthesameprinciplesasbackfallbreak.Theassumptionisthat,duetothenatureofthetakedownoryourbodyposition,yourfallistoonesideofyourbodyandyouarelimitedtotheuseofonehand.Asyoufall,yourgoalistoabsorbtheimpactalongonepalmandforearm,andalongthebroadmusclesinyourupperback,whileprotectingyourheadandlowerbackfrominjury.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standing.
1.Asatrainingmethod,tofalltoyourright,shootyourrightlegstraightoutandfallwithyourrightsideleadingtowardthefloor.Leadasmuchaspossiblewithyourupperbodyandpullyourhipsup.Tuckyourchinandkeepyourteethtogether.Thisprotectsyourheadandneck.
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2.Asyoureachtheground,strikeithardwithyourpalmatabouta45°angle.Donotleadwithyourelbow.Ifitstrikestheground,youmayseriouslydamage
3.Immediatelyrecoilintoafightingposition.Becauseofthenatureofthefall,youmayendupina“sideways”groundfightingposition(page123).
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TIPSOftenwhenbeingtakendowninawristlock(“cavalier”)orsomesortofjointlock,thebodywilltwistorspintowardthefloor.Asyoumakethefallbreak,allowthelegonthefallingsidetobend.Thishelpsabsorbmoreimpactjustafterthestrike.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTPUNCHES,MOUNTED(BUCKINGHIPS)GroundfightingBeingonyourbackwithsomeonestraddlingyou(mounted)andthrowingpunchesatyouisthesecondworstpositionyoucanbein(theworstisthesameposition,exceptyou’refacedown).However,itisafairlycommonpositiontobeinwhenmistakesaremadeearlierinthefight.Whilethereisnomagicalsolutiontothisproblem,therearetacticsthatcaninhibitoratleastreducethenumberofpunchesthrown.Thistechniqueintroducestheideaofbuckingyourhips,whichisafundamentalprincipleingrounddefense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,faceup,withanattackerstraddlingyou.
1.Ifyouaremounted,youstillneedtoestablishagoodposition.Keepyourelbowsdownandyourhandsnearyourface.Jamyourelbowsintoyouropponent’sthighsorkneestopreventhimfromslidingup.Goodgrapplerswilltrytogettheirkneesupunderyourarmpits.Thisinhibitsyourarmmovementandgetstheattackerawayfromyourhips.Youwanttheopposite:Youwant
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yourelbowsdownandtheattackeronyourhips,whereyoucanbuckhimoff.
2–3.Aspunchesstartflying,buckyourhipstothrowtheattackeroffbalance.Yourhipshouldmoveupwardandtowardyourhead.Imaginethatthereisatennisballonyourstomachandyouwanttopopittosomeonestandingatyourhead.Theattackerwillprobablyhaveto“base”himselfoutwithhishands.Thisgivesyouachancetotrapandroll(seenextexercise),andattheveryleastitstopshimfrompunching.Besureyourhandsstayup—noteverymomentofbuckingwillinhibitapunch,andyoushouldstilltrytodefendagainstthepuncheswithinsideandoutsidedefenses.
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TIPS
Someattackerswillleantheirweightbackwardslikerodeocowboystomaintainbalance.Whilethisinhibitsyourabilitytotrapandroll,itdoesreducetheirpunchingabilitysincetheycan’tpunchwithmuchpowerwhentheirweightisback.
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back.
Whenattemptingthistechniqueorthevariation,donotreachoutwithyourarmsorstraightenthem,whichwouldexposeyoutoanarmbar.
VARIATION:Itisalsopossible,iftheattackerisfairlyclosetoyou,totryto“hug”himtightlytoyourchest.Thisinhibitshispunchingability.Fromthere,worktowardatrapandroll(page227).
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TRAPANDROLLAGAINSTFULLMOUNTGroundfightingAlthoughintroducedhereinaspecificcontext,theprinciplesof“trapandroll”canbeappliedtoavarietyofsituations.Thebasicconceptisthatamountedattackermust“baseout”withbotharmsandlegs.Ifyoutrapthearmandlegononeside,thepersoncanberolled.
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,faceup,withanattackerstraddlingyou.
1.Buckyourhipstomaketheattackerbaseout.
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2–3.Withonearm,reachouttotraponeofhisarms.Youcanreacheitherover(trappingfromtheinsideout)orunder(trappingfromtheoutsidein).Generally,reachingoverthearmmakesforabetterholdbutmaytakelongertoexecute.Besurethatyoutrapthearmabovetheelbow.Usingyourleg,traptheattacker’slegonthesamesideasthearm—asmuchaspossibleatthesametimeasyourarmtrap.
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4–7.Buckyourhipsupwardtowardyourhead.Attheendofthismotion,rollyourhipsovertowardthetrappedside.Driveoverwithyourfeettoendupontop,strikingasyougo.Yourgoalshouldbetodeliveranelbowtotheface,butiftheattacker’sresistancemakesthatimpossible,delivergroinstrikes.(Seelatertechniquesforescapingfromthisposition.)
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TIPS
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TIPSProficientgroundfighterswillmakeitdifficulttotrapanarm.Ifyoucannotgetthearminasingletry,continuebuckingyourhips,forcingthemtobaseout.Rememberthat,attheveryleast,aslongastheyarebasingout,theyarenotpunchingyou.Also,anymethodyoucancreatetotrapthearmisfine:grabhisclothing,grabhiswristwithtwohands.
SafetyComment!Whenpracticingwithapartner,besuretheattackerturnshispalmupassoonashisarmiscaught.Thispreventswristinjurieswhenheisrolledover.
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CHOKEWITHATTACKERINMOUNT
Groundfighting
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,faceup,withanattackerstraddlingandchokingyou.
1–2.AddressthedangerimmediatelybymakingthesamepluckingmotionasChokefromtheFront(page92).Beawarethatbecauseofinterferencefromtheground,youwon’thavethesamerangeofmotion.Justaswiththechokedefensefromastandingposition,pinthehandstoyourshouldersasyoufinishthepluck.Atthesametime,bringonefootuptotraptheattacker’sleg.
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3.Pluck,andpunchyourhipsuptothrowtheattackerupandtowardoneshoulder(theshoulderonthesamesideasthelegtrap).Becauseyouhavetrappedhishands,thisshouldinhibithisabilityto“baseout.”
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4–8.Rolltheattackeroverandimmediatelycounterattack.Yourgoalshouldbetodeliveranelbowtotheface.Ifyourmovementisinhibitedbytheattacker’sresistanceoryourtechnique,groinstrikesarepossible.
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Getupassoonaspossible(seelatertechniquesforescapingfromthisposition).
TIPSThepluckingandhipthrustarenotmadeininterruptedstages.Themovementsareexplosiveandcomealmostsimultaneously.
Notethatamoreexperiencedgrapplermayapplyamoredangerousversionofthisattackdesignednottochokeyouinaheadlock,buttoputpressureonyourneck,ortocrushyourfacewithhischest.
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HEADLOCKWHILEMOUNTED
GroundfightingAnotherfairlycommonattack,especiallyamongless-experiencedgrapplers,isaheadlockfromthemountedposition.Inrapeorsexualassaultscenarios,versionsofthisattackaremadewhentheattackerwantstotauntthedefender,whispertohim/her,orkiss.Thistechniquealsoworkswhentheattackerisactuallychokingwithhishands,buthiselbowsareverybenttoallowhimtogetclose.Thedefenseagainstthisattackisasimpletrap-and-roll.
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,faceup,withanattackerstraddlingyouandholdingyouinaheadlock.
1–3.Astheattackercomesinclosetoputhisweightonyou,trapthearmthatismakingtheholdandthelegonthesameside.Buckyourhipsupwardand,atthetopofthearch,rollyourhipstowardthetrappingside.Youwilllikelyendupinhisguard.Ifheisstillholdingyou,pushthebladeofyourforearmacrosshisface(a“crossface”)toforcehimtoletgo,thencontinuewithcounterattacks.
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4–6.Strikeimmediately,ifpossible.However,becauseyou’rebeingheldinsotight,itmaybedifficulttostrike.Scratchandclawattheface,orpushyourforearmacrosshisjaw(a“crossface”)tocausehimtoletgo.
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7.Fromhere,applyinitialtechniquestoremoveyourselffromtheguard.
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TIPS
Iftheattackerhasyouinaclosechoke,trapthearmonthesamesidethattheheadispositioned.
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MOUNT—BOTTOMPOSITION:ELBOWESCAPE(SHRIMPING)GroundfightingAnalternativetothebuck-and-rolltechniqueistheelbowescape.Thistechniqueisabitmoredangerousthanthebuckandrollbecauseyourhandsareoccupiedforalongerperiodoftimeandarethereforenotabletoprotectyourface.However,againstbiggerormoreexperiencedattackers,theelbowescapeismoreeffectivethanthebuckandroll.
STARTINGPOSITION:Ontheground,withanattackerstraddlingyou.
1.Wedgeyourleftelbowbetweenthegroundandtheattacker’srightkneetocreatespace.Turnontoyourlefthip.
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2–3.Withyourleftlegextendedandflatonthefloorandtherightfootflatonthefloor,push(“shrimp”)yourhipstotherightside.Useyourabstohelppullyourhipsupandout.Yourrighthandcanassistbyhelpingpushtheattacker’srightkneeaway.
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4–5.Slideyourleftlegundertheattacker’srightleg.Besuretokeepyourleftlegflattoavoidgettingcaughtontheattacker’sleg.Immediatelyusethatlegtotraptheattacker’sleg,thenshrimpintheotherdirectiontoslidetherightlegundertheattacker’sleftleg.Again,usebothhandstopushtheattacker’skneeandtocreatespace.
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6–7.Oncebothlegsareout,pulltheattackerintoyourguard.
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VARIATION:Youcanalsousetheelbowescapewhentheattackerissittingupandleaningbackinthemountposition.Inthissituation,useyourrighthand(straightarm)topushattheattacker’smidsection.
Simultaneouslypushyourhipbackandawayaggressively,slidingyourlegsundertheattacker’s.Youcaneitherpulltheattackerintotheguardorcontinuetokickawayandgetup.
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MOUNT—TOPPOSITIONGroundfightingInafight,youmayendupinadominantposition.Inthissection,wewilldiscusshowtooperateinthisadvantageousposition.
MAINTAININGMOUNTPOSITION1:Whenintoppositionofthemount,youwanttomaintainagoodbase.Youdothisbystayingclosetothedefender.Keepyourhipsbacktowardyourheels,kneesintightorwidetobase(dependingontheopponent’smovement),andarmspostedwide.Ifthedefendergrabsyourarms,youwanttopullthembackquickly,bringingyourelbowtoyourhip(“swimout”),andthenre-post.
Youmustbeabletofeelthedefender’sweightshiftandadjusttoit.
Youcanalsomaintainthemountpositionwhilesittingupandback.Ifyoustayoverthedefender’ships,youcankeepfrombeingbucked.However,yourstrikingwillnotbestrong(ormaynotreach)untilyouputyourweightforward.
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POSITION2:Anoptionistotrytomoveuponthedefender’schestwithyourkneesunderhisarms.Inthispositionitishardforthebottompersontodefendagainststrikestotheface.
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STRIKESPOSITION3:Withyourhandspostedandyourweightlowonthedefender,youcansendstrikestothedefender’sheadandbody.Palmstrikes,elbows,andheadbuttsworkbestfromthisposition.Besuretoalwaysrecovertoyourbaseposition.
POSITIONS4-5:Forstrongerstrikes,situpandbackandthencomedownwithpunchesandelbows.
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TRAPOPPONENT’SARMSTOCHESTTOPOPUPANDOUT
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GroundfightingAlthoughthemountisagoodpositioninafight,youmayneedtogetupfromthegroundtodefendagainstathirdparty,ortosimplydisengagefromthefight.
StartingPosition:Mountedontopofapronedefender.
1.Whilesittingupandback,pinyouropponent’sarmstohischest—useyourbodyweight,notjustyourarmstrength.
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2.Popyourhipsup,keepingyourfeetonthegroundoneithersideoftheattacker;yourhandsshouldstillpinhisarms.
3.Liftonelegupandover,pivotingtoonesideofhisbodynearhishead.(Besuretoliftyourleghighenoughtopassoverhisbentknee).
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4.Standstraightup,movingawayfromtheattacker.
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GUARD—BOTTOMPOSITION:KICKOFFFROMTHEGUARD
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GroundfightingThistechniquepresentsabasicmethodofmakingdistancewhenyou’vetrappedsomeoneinyourguard.Additionaltechniques,includingarmbars,willbetaughtathigherlevels.Thistechniquecanbeperformedmosteasilywhentheopponent’sweightisback,althoughitcanbedonewhenhisweightisforward(it’sjustmoredifficult).
STARTINGPOSITION:Holdinganattackerinyourguard.
1.Shifttoonehip,bringingyourtopkneeinagainsthisbody.Yourhandsshouldbeuptoprotectagainstpunches.
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2.Kickyourbottomfootagainsthishiptocreatespace.
3.Kickyourtopfootagainsthischestorface.
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Getupandcreatedistance.
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FOOTGRAB:STRIPPING
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GroundfightingThistechniquecanbeappliedwhenastandingattackergrabsthedefender’sfoot.
STARTINGPOSITION:Thedefenderislyingonherback.Theattackerisstandingup,grabbingthedefender’sfoot.
1.Whentheattackergrabsoneofyourfeet,youwanttoremoveatleastoneofhishandstokeephimfromspinningyou.Soraiseyourfreefoothigh.Atthesametime,“flex”yourcaughtleg—thisgivesyouextrapowerandalsohelpsyoutargethishands.
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2–3.Bringyourraisedlegdown,heelfirst,tostrikehishandandstripitfromyourfoot.Immediatelykickathislegstocausedamage.
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FOOTGRAB:SPINNINGOUTWARD(ROUNDKICK)GroundfightingThistechniqueisusedwhentheattackersucceedsincatchingthedefender’sfootandtwistsitoutward.
STARTINGPOSITION:Thedefenderislyingonherback.Theattackerisstandingup,grabbingthedefender’sfoot.
1–2.Whenyoufeeltheattackerspinyou,gowiththemotion.DoNOTresistit.Instead,spinfasterthantheattacker’smovement.Atthesametime,throwaroundkickinthegeneralvicinityofhiswrists.
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3–4.Spinthrough,andendupinagroundfightingposition.
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TIPS
Thespinwilldomostoftheworkforyou.Thekickissimplyinsurance.Thekickmayalsobedeliveredtothefaceiftheattackeriscloseenough.
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FOOTGRAB:SPINNINGINWARD(HEELKICK)GroundfightingSTARTINGPOSITION:Thedefenderislyingonherback.Theattackerisstandingup,grabbingthedefender’sfoot.
1–2.Whenyoufeeltheattackerspinyou,gowiththemotion;doNOTresistit.Instead,spinfasterthantheattacker’smovement.Atthesametime,bringyourlegaroundinachopping/swingingmotion,leadingwithyourheel.Althoughtheangleisdifferent,themotionisexactlylikethemotionmadetostripthehandoffyourankleinanearliertechnique.
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3.Continuespinningthroughandendupinagroundingposition.
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GreenBelt
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GREENBELT
OVERVIEW
Forus,GreenBeltrepresentsthebeginningofrealmasteryofthesystem.Whenwetestpeopleforadvancementtothenextbeltlevel,GreenBeltiswherepeoplestarttofail.ItiscertainlypossibletofailaYelloworOrangeBelttest,butaslongasthestudentscanfightthroughthestress,showaggressiveness,andperformtechniquesadequately,theyshouldpassYellowandOrange.
GreenBeltiswhereyouneedtobringitalltogether:Youmustdealwiththestress,beaggressive,ANDexecutetechniquessharplyandcleanly.Expecttotrainforatleastninemonthsatthislevel,assumingaminimumoftwotrainingsessionsaweek.
Thematerialinthissectionincludesthefollowing:
CombativesAmongthecombativetechniquescoveredinthissectionareheadbutts.GreenBeltalsointroducesmoretraditionalmartialartskickssuchasslapkickandheelkick.Althoughwedon’tstressthesekicksnoremphasizethemforstreetsituations,wedobelievethesetechniquesimproveourself-defenseabilities.Thekicksencourageflexibilityaswellashelpuslearntodefendagainstthesetypesofattacks.Also,whileyoushouldalwaysstickwiththesimplestandmostpowerfulstrikes,thesekickswillhelpyoufeelthatyoucanatleastdeliversomekindofattackfromanyangleduringthefight.
DefensesandSelf-DefenseHairgrabdefensesareintroducedatthislevel,andInsideandOutsideDefensesarefeaturedmorefullyhere.OutsideDefensesagainstPunchesaremadeagainstattackscomingfromoutsideourhandposition.Althoughwideattacks(suchastheattacksgivenin360°Defenses)andevenshortattacksthattravelfromthe
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theattacksgivenin360°Defenses)andevenshortattacksthattravelfromtheoutsideinward(suchashookpunches)arecommonattackstodefend,theyarenottheonlyones.
Sometimesthedefender’shandsareoutofposition(forexample,thelefthandisdown)whenastraight-lineattackapproaches.Ifyourhandswereup,you’dgivearegularInsideDefense.Butifyourhandsaredown,themostefficientwaytodefendistomoveyourhandfromthecenterofyourbodytowardtheoutside(hencethename).Also,evenifyourhandswereup,sometimesastraight-lineattackcancomeinfromanangle(forexample,astraightpunchcominginfromtheside),makinganInsideDefensedifficult.Inthiscase,theshortestmovementisanOutsideDefense.Thissectioncoversbothsituations:1)thedefender’shandsaredown,duetoerrororfatigue;and2)theattackcomesfromanangleoutsidethedefender’scorrectlypositionedhands.Ineithercase,theprinciplebehindthetechniques(indeed,allthetechniques)canbesummarizedthisway:Maketheshortestpossiblemovementthatdefendstheattack.
FallsandRollsRollsareimportantforanoverallunderstandingofself-defensescenarios.Duringcombat,whileretreatingfromafightorwhileadvancingtohelpathirdparty,thedefendermaytripoveranobstacleorbetrippedbyanopponent.Becausewewanttogetoffthegroundasquicklyaspossible,arolloffersthemostimmediatesolutionwhenthereisnoimmediatedangertoaddress.
GroundfightingThissectionpicksupwhereOrangeBeltleftoff.Hereyou’llincreasethenumberoftechniquesinyourgroundfightingrepertoire.
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FORWARDHEADBUTTCombativesThisstrikeisdeliveredtoaclosetargetdirectlyinfrontofyou,suchasanopponentwhenbothofyouarestanding;orduringgrappling.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standfacingyouropponent,nearlychesttochest.Grabyouropponent’shead,eitherbytheearsorsidesofthehair,forextracontrolandpower.
1.Keepingyourneckstiffandyourjawtightlyclosed,driveyourheadforwardusingyourlegsandupperbody.Thestrikingsurfaceisthetopofyourforehead,rightatthehairline.Thetargetshouldbetheattacker’snose,cheekbone,etc
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TIPSThetargetshouldalwaysbesomewherebelowtheopponent’seyebrows,preferablythenose.It’snotnecessarytograbyouropponent’shead.Ifyoudograbthehead,besuretolifthischinslightly;donotpullhischindown.Ifyoudo,youmakestrikehisskullandinjureyourself.
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UPWARDHEADBUTT
CombativesThiscanbeusedwhenyoushootinunsuccessfullyonyouropponentandwanttodriveupwardtocatchhischin.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standfacingyouropponent.Duckdownsothatyourheadisathischestlevel.
1.Keepingyourneckfairlystiffandyourjawtightlyclosed,driveyourheadupward,strikingwiththetop/backpartofyourskull,strikingyouropponent’schin.
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HEADBUTTTOTHESIDE
CombativesThiscanbeusedwhenyou’regrabbedinabearhugoranyotherclose-insituationwhereyourheadissidewaystoyourattacker’sface.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standwithyouropponentclosetoyourside,asifheisabouttoputyouinabearhug.
1.Turnyourheadsharplysothatyourforeheadfacesthetarget.
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2.Keepingyourneckfairlystiffandyourjawtightlyclosed,driveyourheadforwardusingyourlegsandupperbody,strikingwithyourforehead.Becauseoftheangle,youmaystrikenearthesideofyourforehead.However,donotstrikewiththesideofyourhead.Thismayinjureyou.
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HEADBUTTTOTHEBACK
CombativesThisstrikeismostoftendeliveredinthecontextofbearhugs.Itcanbedeliveredtosomeonegrabbingfrombehind,ortosomeonefacingyouwhenyouaredoubledover(inapositionsimilar,say,toreverseheadlock),whentheheadbuttisdrivenupward,butusingthebackofthehead.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standfacingawayfromyouropponent,whohasyouinabearhug.
1.Sendyourheadbacksharply,flexingyourneckmusclesandtighteningyourjaw,tostrikewiththebackofyourhead(nearthetop).
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DEFENSIVEBACKKICKWITHASPINCombativesKravMagatrainingde-emphasizescomplicatedkicks.However,ofthe“fancier”techniques,spinningbackkickisthemostpracticalbecausethedirectionofthekickopposesanyforwardmotionofanattacker.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facinganopponent.
1.Stepyourleftfootacrossandforwardslightly.Turnsharplysothattheheelofyourforward(base)footispointingatthetarget.Yourbackisalsotothetarget,butturnyourheadsothatyoucanseethetarget.YoushouldbeinthesamepositionasaregularBackKick(page160).
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2.Extendyourrightlegbacktomakeabackkick.
Asyourecoil,turntofacethetarget.
TIPS
Spinningkicksarealwaysmadeusingtherearleg.
Thefirststepcanberemovedasyoubecomemoreproficient,butitALWAYSfacilitatestheturn.
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OFFENSIVEBACKKICK
CombativesOffensivebackkickisdeliveredtoatargetbehindthedefenderwhentheopeningisonahorizontalplane(e.g.,thegroin,orthehead/chestwhentheattacker’sbodyisleaningforward).
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralstance,withanopponentbehindyou.
1.Raiseyourrightlegbackward,makingsureitisrelativelystraight.Atthesametime,dropyourbodyforwardandswingyourhipsbacksothatyourweightgoesintothekick.Besureyourkickingfootrisesstraightup.Justbeforecontact,bendyourkneetoaddextrapowertothekickandprotectyourkneefromhyperextension.
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2.Makecontactwiththebackoftheheel.
Asyourecoil,turntofacetheattacker.
TIPS
Iftrainingfromafightingstance,thelegfarthestfromthetargetwillbethestrongest.
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OFFENSIVEBACKKICKWITHASPIN
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CombativesThiskicksimplycombinesanOffensiveBackKick(page259)withtheactofspinning.Thekickismadewiththerearfoot(i.e.,thefootfarthestfromthetargetbeforethetechniquebegins).
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Takeasmallstepacrossandforwardwithyourleftfoot.Turnsharplysothattheheelofyourleft(base)footandyourbackaresquaretothetarget.
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2.Raiseyourrightlegbackward,makingsureitisrelativelystraight.Atthesametime,dropyourbodyforwardandswingyourhipsbacksothatyourweightgoesintothekick.Besureyourkickingfootrisesstraightup.Justbeforecontact,bendyourknee,addingextrapowertothekickandprotectingyourkneefromhyperextension.
3.Makecontactwiththebackoftheheel.
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Asyourecoil,turntofacetheattacker.
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HEELKICK
CombativesHeelkickcanbemadewhenthedefenderissidewaystothetarget,butwhentheopeningisnotonanangleappropriatetoaSideKick(page156).Thekickmaybemadeonarisingdiagonaloronahorizontalplane,dependingontheopening.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standsidewaystoyourtarget.
1.Raiseyourcloselegslightlyinfrontofthetarget,makingsureyourlegisrelativelystraight.Asyourfootrises,bendyourtorsooveryouroutsidehip.Thiswillallowyourlegtoriseashighasnecessary.
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2–3.Swingyoulegback,heelfirst,towardthetarget.Besureyourhipandshoulderturninthesamedirectionyourlegistraveling.Justbeforecontact,bendyourknee,addingpowertothekickandprotectingthekneefromhyperextension.Makecontactwiththebackoftheheel.
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Asyourecoil,turntofacetheattacker.
VARIATION:ThiskickcanbemadewithanadvancesimilartoSideKickwithAdvance(page158),withthebasefootpassingbehindthekickingfoot.
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INSIDESLAPKICK
CombativesThiskickismadewiththeinnerpartofthefootandankleandattacksopeningssimilartothoseavailabletoRoundKicks(page75).Thekickcanbeperformedwitheitherleg.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Raiseyourrightkneeupandforward.Emphasize“chambering”yourkneetomakesureit’sbent.
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2.Leadingwithyourknee,cantslightlyinwardwiththefootslightlyoutwardandsnapyourfootoutsothatitstrikesthetargetatanapproximate45°angle.Thestrikingpointisthe“L”shapeoftheinsideofyourfootandankle.
TIPS
Yourhipsdonotrolloverthewaytheydoonaroundkick.
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OUTSIDESLAPKICK
CombativesThiskickismadewiththeouterpartofthefootandankleandattacksopeningssimilartothoseavailabletoHeelKicks(page262).Thekickcanbeperformedwitheitherleg,butfordemonstrationpurposesthisdescriptionassumesyouarekickingwiththeleftleg.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-foot-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Bringyourleftkneeupandacrossyourbody.Yourkneeshouldbecantedslightlyoutward,withyourfootslightlyinwardtowardyourbody
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2.Snapyourfootout,strikingthetargetatanapproximate45°angle.Thestrikingsurfaceisthe“L”shapeoftheouterpartofyourfootandankle.Besureyourhipsopenup,allowingmorepowertotransferthroughthetarget.
TIPS
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TIPS
Whiletheforwardlegdeliversafasterkick,therearlegisstrongerbutmoreeasilyseenbecausetherearhipmusttravelforward.
VARIATION:ThiskickcanbemadewithanadvancesimilartoSideKickwithAdvance(page158),withthebasefootpassingbehindthekickingfoot.
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INWARDANGLEKNEE
CombativesAninwardknee(familiartoMuayThaifighters)allowsthekneetobebroughtupandthenin.Itisgiveninaclinch,whenthedefendermustcreateroomtodeliverthestrike.
STARTINGPOSITION:Begininaclinchwithanopponent.
1.Liftonekneeouttotheside,pointingyourkneetowardtheceilingandyourfoottowardthefloor.
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2.Driveyourkneeforwardintotheattacker,tippingyourkneesharplysothatitleadsthemotionandaddsmoreimpactondelivery.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTLEFT-RIGHTCOMBINATION(TWOINSIDEDEFENSES)DefensesAleft-rightpunchingcombinationisoneofthemostcommonmovesinfighting.Studentsshouldtraintobeawareofitanddefendit.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Asyourattackerthrowsaleftpunch,makeanInsideDefense(page87)withyourrighthand.Yourlefthandshouldbeup,readytodefendagainsttheimminentrightpunch.
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2.Asyourattackerthrowstherightpunch,makeanInsideDefenseagainstitwithyourlefthandwhileshiftingyourheadtotheoppositesideinabodydefense.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTLEFT-RIGHTCOMBINATION(LEANBACKANDTRAP)DefensesTheleft-rightpunchingcombinationissocommonthatfighterswilloftenemployitoverandoveragain,creatingarhythmofwhichtheyareunaware.Goodfightersshouldnoticeandexploitthis.Thepunchcanbepresentedintwoscenarios:eitherwhenthedefenderissurprisedbytheattack,orthedefendersetsuptheattacker.Sincesettinguptheattackeristheeasierversion,we’lldealwiththescenarioofcompletesurprisefirst.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facinganopponent.
1.Astheleftpunchcomes,leanawayfromyourattackertoavoidtheleftpunch.
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2–3.Astherightpunchcomes,makeanInsideDefensewithyourlefthand.Assoonasthedefenseismade,hookyourlefthandtoclearthepunchinghandandcounterattack.Burstinasmuchaspossible.
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TIPSLeanbackasmuchaspossiblebutmakesureyourfeetarestableenoughtoallowyoutoburstbackintothefight(yourabilitytodothis,however,willdependonyourstateofreadiness,andyoumaynotbeabletoshiftyourweightmuch).Toachievethis,standontheballofyourbackfoot.
Whentrainingto“time”theopponent’spunch,thistechniquecanbeveryeffective.Leanbackasthoughleavingthefight.Thiswilloftenmaketheattackercomeafteryou,committingstronglytohisrightpunchandleavinghimopen,sinceyouareanticipatingthatpunch.Youshouldonlyattemptthistechnique(leaningoutofthefighttosuckertheattackerin)onlyifyou’venoticedaconstanthabitofleft-rightpunches.Evenso,alwaysbeawarethata
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noticedaconstanthabitofleft-rightpunches.Evenso,alwaysbeawarethatafightcanchange,andtheattackermaychoosethatmomenttomakeavariation.
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INSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTLEFT-RIGHTCOMBINATION(USINGONEHAND)DefensesForvariousreasons(mainlyduetoinjury),wemaybeforcedtodefendaleft-rightpunchingcombinationusingonlytheforwardhand.Weneverchoosetodefendthisway.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerthrowstheleftpunch,makeanInsideDefenseusingyourleft(forward)hand.
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2.Astherightpunchcomesin,immediatelymakeanOutsideDefense#1(page272)withthesamehand,creatingachoppingmotionagainsttheincomingarm.
VARIATION:UsingOutsideDefense#3(page274)ispossibleandoftensafer,
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asitcoversmorevariationsofthestraightpunch.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSE#1
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DefensesThisdefense,whichredirectstheattack,ismadeagainstastraightpunchcomingfromthefrontwhenthedefender’sforwardhandisdown.Moststudentsfindthistobethequickestmotion.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,lefthanddroppedforwardanddown,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerthrowsaleftpunch,bringyourforwardhandupinashortarc,withthethumbleadingsothatyourpalmfacesyou.ThemotionofthisarcMUSTcrossinfrontofyourfacesincethat’swherethepunchisprobablygoing.Redirectthepunchawayfromyouwhilemakingasmallbodydefensewithyourhead.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSE#2
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DefensesThisdefense,whichredirectstheattack,ismadefromthesamepositionandagainstthesameattackasOutsideDefense#1.MoststudentsfindthisdefenseslightlystrongerthanDefense#1.ThedecisiontomakeDefense#1orDefense#2islargelyarbitrary,dependingontheindividual’sbodytype.However,Defense#1isfaster,whileDefense#2isstronger.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,lefthanddroppedforwardanddown,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerthrowsaleftpunch,bringyourforwardhandupinashortarc,withthebackofyourhandleadingsothatyourthumbfacesyou.ThemotionofthisarcMUSTcrossinfrontofyourfacesincethat’swherethepunchisprobablygoing.Redirectthepunchawayfromyouwhilemakingasmallbodydefensewithyourhead.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSE#3DefensesThisdefensemaybemadeagainstastraightpunchcomingfromthefrontortheside,especiallyapunchcomingtothehead,inwhichcasetheshortestlineoffthebodyisup.Thisdefenseredirectstheattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,bothhandsoutofposition,facingyourattacker.
1–2.Astheattackerthrowsarightpunchtowardyourface,rollyourleftforearmup.Makecontactwiththebladeofyourarm,thencontinuetoroll,allowingthepunchtoslideupandback.Atthesametimethatyoumovetheattackingarm,dropyourheaddownandcounterattacktothebody.
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TIPS
Whenyourheaddropsdown,besurethatyourweightdoesn’tdropdownintoyourfeet,makingyoustickinplace.
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yourfeet,makingyoustickinplace.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSE#4
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DefensesThisdefenseismadeagainstwildhaymaker-typepunchesinwhichthedefenderisn’tsureiftheattackiscomingfromtheinsideoroutside.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerthrowsarightpunch,stabyourlefthandforwardandslightlyinwardtoguaranteecontact.Tuckyourheadlow,keepingyourchindownbuteyesforward.
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2.Assoonasyoufeelcontactwithyourlefthand,movethatforearmslightlyoutwardtoincreasetheredirectionofthepunch.Allowthepunchtoslidealongyourforearm.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSE#5DefensesThisdefense,whichredirectstheattack,isverysimilarto#1and#2.However,thedefenseismadewiththeblade(pinkyside)ofthehandandarm,usuallyagainstastraightpunchcominginfromtheside.Thehandsmaybeupordown,andevenifthehandsareup,thisdefensewillbenecessaryagainstastraightpunchfromtheside.
StartingPosition:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,withyourattackeratyourleftside,facingyou.
1.Astheattackerthrowsarightpunch,moveyourlefthandinanarctothesideandforward,makingcontactasclosetotheattacker’swristaspossibletoredirectthehand.Asyourhandrotates,allowyourshouldertoopentoaidinthedefenseandtoprepareforcounters.Makeabodydefensebytakingyourheadinward,alongthelineofthedefense.Thiswillhelptakeyourheadoff-lineiftheinitialpunchisfollowedbyanotherwiththeattacker’sotherhand.
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TIPSThefartherupthearmyouarewhenyoufirstmakecontactwiththeattackingarm,thelateryourdefensehasbeen.
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OUTSIDEDEFENSEAGAINSTRIGHTPUNCH(PUNCHINGDEFENSE)DefensesWhenarightpunch(oracrosscomingagainstyourjab)comesfromoutsideyourforwardhand,youcandefendandcountersimultaneouslywiththathand.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerthrowsarightpunch,punchwithyourlefthand,lettingyourelbowrollupinabentpositionasitbrushesagainsttheattacker’spunch.Thisdivertstheattacker’spunchupandawayfromyourface.
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2.Continuethemotion,bringingyourpunchdownontheattacker’sface.
TIPS
Tuckyourheadinagainstyourshoulderforadditionalprotection.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHROUNDKICK(REFLEXIVEDEFENSE)DefensesThisdefenseassumesthedefenderistotallyunpreparedfortheattack,whichcomeshightotheuppertorsoorhead.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerbeginskickingwithhisrightleg,raiseyourhandsdefensivelyandturnyourbodysothatyourshouldersaresquaretothekickandbothhandscancatchtheincomingleg.Yourpalmsshouldbeopenandfacingtheincomingkick.Blockthekickwiththefleshypartofyourforearms,makingsurethatthereisenoughtensioninyourarmstobothwithstandthekickandabsorbtheshock.Keepyourchindown!
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2.Immediatelyafterdefending,stepdiagonallyforwardandmakecounterattacks(e.g.,ahammerfistwiththeclosesthand,followedbyastraightpunch,orastraightpunchwiththerearhand).
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VARIATION:Thedefensecanalsobemadewithadiagonalstepforwardasyoudefend(totheoppositesideofthekick),butthisrequiresearlierrecognitionofthekick.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHROUNDKICK(FIGHTINGSTANCE—TWOCONTACTPOINTS)DefensesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerbeginskickingwithhisrightleg,turnyourshoulderssothattheyarerelativelysquaretothekick;makeadefensewithyourrearhand,similartothedefenseagainstahookpunch(page173),withyourfistclosedandyourarmstrong.Atthesametime,bringyouroppositehandacross,defendingwithyourpalm(theshoulderturnfacilitatesthismotion).
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2.Followupwithcounters(e.g.,ahammerfistwiththeclosesthand,followedbyastraightpunch,orastraightpunchwiththerearhand).
TIPS
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Ifyouprefer,youcanusethereflexiveversionofthisdefense(page279)evenfromafightingstance.Thereflexivedefense,withthefleshypartoftheforearm,providesmorecushion.However,itissometimesmoredifficulttorotatetheforwardarmaroundbecausethenatureofthefightingstanceinhibitstheturningmotionofthehipsandshoulders.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHROUNDKICK(FIGHTINGSTANCE—THREECONTACTPOINTS)DefensesAkickdefensecanbemadewiththreecontactpointsbyeliminatingtheshoulderrotation.Threecontactpointsdispersetheforceovermoreareaandcanprovideamorecomfortabledefenseiftheattackerismuchbiggerthanyou.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerbeginskickingwithhisrightleg,tuckyourchinandraiseyourlefthandparallelwithyourshoulder.Atthesametime,bringyourrighthandacrosstodefendwithyourpalm;thishandshouldlineupwithyourshoulderandlefthand.
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Followupwithcounters(e.g.,ahammerfistwiththeclosesthand,followedbyastraightpunch,orastraightpunchwiththerearhand).
TIPS
Whenmakingthisdefense,youMUSTtuckyourchinandtrytocoveryourhead.Althoughthiskickdispersesmoreforce,itallowsthekicktocomemuchclosertoyourheadandyoumaybeopentokickswiththetoe(bootedfeet)or
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closertoyourheadandyoumaybeopentokickswiththetoe(bootedfeet)ortheballofthefoot.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHROUNDKICK(COVERINGDEFENSETOHEADORRIBS)DefensesSometimesthedefenderdoesnotrecognizethekickintimetomakeatwo-handeddefense.Inthiscase,theonlychoiceistomakeacoveringdefense.Thisdefenseisessentiallythesameasahookpunchdefense(page173)butwithaclosedfist,combinedwithabodydefenseiftimeallows.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingyourattacker.
1.Astheattackerbeginskickingwithhisrightleg,makeatight360°-typedefensewithyourlefthand.Yourdefenseshouldbemadewithatightfist,andyourforearmshouldbeangledslightlyinwardsothatrisingkicksmayslideupthearm,reducingtheimpactagainsttheforearm.Atthesametime,stepdiagonallyforward,awayfromthepowerofthekick.
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2.Counterattackwithafrontorroundkickwiththerearleg.
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TIPS
DONOT“reachout”todefendthekickfarfromyourbody.Yourarmwon’tbestrongatthisdistanceandcanbeseriouslyinjuredbyastrongkick.
Dependingonhowearlythedefenderrecognizestheattack,thestepmaynotbepossible.However,evenifyouleanorsteponcontact,youshouldmoveyourbodytogetoutofthekick’spowerzone.
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BACKFALLBREAK(HIGH)FallsandRollsTheprinciplesofregularfallbreak(page221)applytohighfallbreakaswell,bothforbackfallsandsidefalls.Theonlydifferenceisintheangleyourarmstakeasyoustriketheground.Withregularfallbreak,theangleoftheslapisapproximately45°awayfromthebody.Astheangleofthefallincreases(i.e.,asyourfeetgohigherintotheairandyourheadtravelsmoredirectlytowardtheground),theangleofyourslapshouldincrease.Duringadrasticfallbreak,yourhandsgooutaswideasyourshoulders.
STARTINGPOSITION:Fromstanding,tuckyourchintoprotectyourneck.Thisprotectsyourheadandneck(andavoidstheriskofbitingyourtongue).
1.Toimitatehighfallbreaks,youmustthrowyourfeetintotheairsothatyourfeetarehigherthanyourheadduringthefallbreak.
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2.Asyoureachtheground,strikeithardwithyourpalmsatabouta90ºangle.Donotleadwithyourelbows;iftheystriketheground,youmayseriouslydamagethem.
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3.Immediatelyrecoilyourhandsintoafightingposition.
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FORWARDROLL
FallsandRollsThemaingoalofasaferollistolimittheamountoftimespentrollingoverthespine.Therefore,therollismadeonadiagonalfromoneshouldertotheoppositehip.Thismeansthemovementalongthegroundcrossesthespineatonlyonepoint.Theseinstructionsassumeyouareright-handed.Switch“right”to“left”andviceversaifyouareleft-handed.
STARTINGPOSITION:Stepforwardwithyourrightfoot.
1.Benddownandplaceyourrighthandflatonthegroundwithyourfingerspointingtotheleft.Placeyourlefthandonthegroundwiththefingersfacingforward.Thispositionshouldcauseyourrightshoulderto“lead”themotion.Tuckyourchinunderyourleftarmpit(themoreyoutuckyourchin,thesaferyourneckwillbe).
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2–4.Rolloveryourrightarm,thenlettherightelbowbendtorolloverfromyourrightshouldertoyourlefthip,leadingwithyourrightshoulderandroundingyourback.Asyouroll,positionyourlegsinafigure4,withtheleftlegbentandtherightlegrelativelystraight(butnotcompletely).Thisfigure-4positionallowsyoutoriseintoafightingstanceatthecompletionoftheroll.
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5–7.Asyoucompletetheroll,comeupintoakneelingposition,withyourrightfootandyourleftkneeontheground.Notethattheballofyourleftfoot,notthetop,shouldbetouchingtheground.
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8–9.Fromthiskneelingposition,standup.Thefootpositionyou’vecreatedmovesyoueasilyintoafightingstancefacingtheoppositedirectionoftheroll.
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FORWARDROLL/BACKFALLBREAK(HIGHSPEED)FallsandRollsIt’spossiblethat,whilerunningathighspeed,thedefendertripsandmakesarollwithsuchvelocitythatit’sdifficulttocompletetherollwithcontrol.Inthiscase,therollismodifiedtoincludeafallbreak.Aswiththedescriptionsofotherrolls,theseinstructionsassumearight-handeddefenderleadingwiththerightshoulder.Reversealldirectionsiftheleftshoulderleads.
STARTINGPOSITION:Beginatarun.
1–2.Makeaninitialhigh-speedroll,leadingwithyourrighthandandshoulder.
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3–4.Halfwaythroughtheroll,assumingyouhavetoomuchvelocity(andthereforetoolittlecontrol)tocompletethemotion,makeabackfallbreak.
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BACKWARDROLL
FallsandRolls
STARTINGPOSITION:Sittingorlyingonyourback.
1.Rollbackwardtowardoneshoulder,sendingbothhandsoverthatsameshoulder.DoNOTrollstraightbackoveryourhead.Besuretotuckyourchin!
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2.Bringyourlegsoverthatsameshoulder.
3.Rollupontoyourfeetintoafightingstance.
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STANDINGREVERSEHEADLOCK(GUILLOTINE)Self-Defense
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerhasyouinareverseheadlock,alsoknownasaguillotinechoke.
1.Turnyourheadtowardtheattacker’shands(theweakestpartofthechoke);makeapluckingmotionwithyouroutsidehandtorelievethepressure,whilestrikingtothegroinwithyourfreehand.Youcanalsothrowupanelbowtostriketheface,butthegroinistheeasiesttarget.
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2–3.Onceyoupluck,driveyourrightshoulderintothespaceyouhavecreatedtoensureyoucannolongerbechoked.Driveyourshoulderandheadforwardandupwardasthoughtryingtogothroughhishold;emphasizedrivingupward,whichputspressureonhisshoulder.Yourfreehandmayhelpholdhishandsinplace.
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4.Oncehisholdisbroken,spintowardhimanddelivercounterattackswithknees,punches,andelbows.
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TIPS
Iftheattackerisverystronganddetermined,youmaynotbeabletobreakhishold.However,ifyoucansucceedinpluckingtocreatespaceandtheninsertingyourshoulder,hewillhavedifficultychokingyou.Ifyoufindyourselfstuckhere,continuewithstrikesandkneestothegroin.Yourgoalistokeephishipsbacksothatitisharderforhimtofinishthechoke.
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HAIRGRABFROMTHEFRONT
Self-Defense
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourhairfromthefront.
1.Bringbothhandsupandslamthemsharplydownoverhishand.Thispuncheshisknucklesagainstyourskull,causinghimpain.Keepyourelbowsinsothatyourforearmsprotectyourfaceagainstapunch(verylikelycombinationwiththehairgrab).
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2.Immediatelybendyourbodysharplyatthewaist(thinkoftakingabow).Bendforwardtoproduceimmediatepressureagainsthiswrist.
3.Astheattackerdropsdown,quicklymovebackwardtostretchouthisbody.
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4.Immediatelyfollowupwithfrontkickstotheface.
TIPS
Donotsendyourhipsbackwardwhenyoubendasthisrelievesthepressureinthewrist.
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HAIRGRABFROMTHEFRONTORSIDE(IMPENDINGKNEESTRIKE)Self-DefenseIfyoufeelyourselfbeingpulleddownbythehairgrab,it’squitelikelythattheattackerismakingakneestriketoyourface.IfyoubegantorespondimmediatelywiththeregulardefenseagainstHairGrabfromtheFront(page299),continuetomakeit.Althoughthisisnotanoptimumdefense,ifyouhavebegunthismotion,therewillbenotimetoadjust.Aslongasyourelbowsareintight,theymayprotectyoufromthekneestrike.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourhairfromthesideandbeginstomakeakneestrike.
1.Asyourupperbodyispulleddown,burstinwardwiththepull.Make360°Defense,position#7(page85)withtheclosestarmagainsttherisingthigh.Besuretoblockthethigh,nottheknee.Atthesametime,striketothegroinwithyourfreehand.Itispossiblethatyouendup“crossblocking”(i.e.,youdefendwithyourlefthandagainsttheattacker’sleftknee).Ifthisisthecase,yourcounterattackmaybedelayed.Makeitassoonaspossibleafterthedefense.
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2.Continuedrivingforwardwithyourbodytorelieveanyremainingpressureorcontrolfromthehairgrab.Ifpossible,straightenuptoavoidanymorekneestrikestotheface,andcontinuewithcounters.
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TIPSIfthehairgrabisfromthefrontandnomorekneestrikesarecoming,youcancontinuewithregularHairGrabfromtheFront.
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HAIRGRABFROMTHESIDE
Self-DefenseIfyoufeelyourselfbeingpulleddown,makethedefenseagainstHairGrab—ImpendingKneeStrike(page301).It’salsopossiblethattheattackerissimplypullingyouoffbalance,orpullingyoutowardsomegoal(acar,analley).Ineithercase(adownwardpullorlateralpull),oneprincipleremainsthesame:Youmustburstinthedirectionofthepullataspeedfasterthanthepullitself.Ifthepullisfivemilesanhour,burstinatsixmilesanhour.Onlybyburstinginfasterthanthepullcanyouregaincontrolofyourbodymovement.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourhairfromtheside.
1.Astheattackerpulls,donotresist.Burstinthedirectionofthepull,ideallytowardtheshoulderofthehandthatisholdingyourhair.Thislimitsyourvulnerabilitytoapunchfromtheattacker’sfreehand.
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2.Asyouburstin,reachupwithyourclosehandtoclearthehandholdingyourhair.
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3.Withyourfreehand,counterattack—thefastestandsimplestcounterattackisusuallyapunchtothefaceorgroin.
TIPSRemember:Ifyoufeelyourselfbeingpulleddown,makea360°Defenseagainstthekneestrikethatismostlikelycoming.
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HAIRGRABFROMTHEOPPOSITESIDEORBACKOFTHEHEADSelf-DefenseIt’spossiblethattheattackercomesfromthesidebutgrabsthehaironthebackofyourhead,orreachesaroundtotheotherside.It’salsopossiblethatanattackercomesfromthebackandgrabsthebackofyourhead.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackergrabsyourhairfrombehind.
1.Whenyoufeelthepull,donotresist.Instead,burstinthedirectionofthepull,ideallytowardtheshoulderofthehandthathasgrabbedyou.Youmayfeelyourself“spin”around.Gowiththismotion(e.g.,iftheattackeronyourleftreachesaroundandgrabstherightsideofyourheadandpulls,youwillfeelyourselfspinningtoyourright.Gointhatdirection).
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2.Asyouspinaround,makea360°Defense(ifnecessary)withtheclosesthand.
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3-4.Followupwithgroinandheadstrikes.
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BEARHUGFROMBEHIND(LEVERAGEONTHEFINGER)Self-DefenseWhenanattackermakesabearhugfrombehind,leavingyourarmsfree,hemayalsohidehisheadagainstyourbacktolimityourabilitytomakecounterattackswithyourelbows.Stomps,heelstrikestohisshins,anduppercutbackkicksarestillpossible,buttheattackmayrequireanothertechniquetoremovetheattacker’sarmsfromaroundyourbody.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerbearhugsyoufrombehind,leavingyourarmsfree.
1.Immediatelydropyourweighttomakeyourselfdifficulttolift.
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2.Makeelbowstrikestothefaceaswellasothercounterattacks,suchasstomps.
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3.Slideyourhandsalonghisforearmsuntilyoufindafinger(usuallytheindexfinger).Usingeitherhand,peelthefingerup,startingatthetipsothatyouonlydealwithonepartofthefingeratatime.Ifyoutrytoprythefingerupfromthebaseofthedigit,orhalfwaytothetip,theattacker’sgripwillbetoostrong.
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4.Asyouloosenthefinger,begintograbitwithyouroppositehand(i.e.,ifyougetthelefthand,grabthefingerwithyourright)sothatthemeatypartofyourhandisnearthebaseofthefinger,andthethumbsideofyourhandisatthetip.Thinkof“pushing”thefingerratherthan“pulling”it.Yourotherhandshouldcatchtheattacker’shand,isolatingthefingerjoint.Pressthefingerdownintoitssocket,thenpushbacktowardthetopofthehand.Thisreleasesthebearhug.
5–6.Stepout,pivotingonyourfootandkeepingpressureonthefinger.
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7.Withyourclosestfoot,kicktothegroinorface.
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BEARHUGFROMBEHIND(WITHLIFT)Self-DefenseSTARTINGPOSITION:Attackerbearhugsyoufrombehind(armscaughtorarmsfree).
1.Astheattackerliftsyou,immediatelymakeanuppercutbackkicktotheattacker’sgroin.Atthesametime,wrapyourfreelegaroundtheattacker’sleg,thenstraightenitasmuchaspossible.This“wrap”limitstheattacker’sabilitytothrowyouaroundortossyou.
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2.Ifyoulandasolidstriketothegroin,theattackerwilldropyouquickly.Bereadytogetyourfeetunderyoufast!
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TIPSAlthoughthewrapisimportant,doNOTwaituntilafteryou’vewrappedtomakethekick.Thekickmustbeimmediate.
VARIATION:Ifyouaredropped,turnandcontinuewithcounterattacks.
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BEARHUGFROMTHEFRONT(WITHLIFT)Self-Defense
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerbearhugsyoufromthefront,encasingyourarms,andliftsyou.
1.Astheattackerliftsyou,immediatelymakecounterattackswithyourknees.Kneesarepossibleinthisinstancebecausetheattackerhimselfbecomesyourbase.
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2.Ifyoulandasolidstriketothegroin,theattackerwilldropyouquickly.Bereadytogetyourfeetunderyoufast!
VARIATION:Ifyourarmsarefree,itisalsopossibletograbhishairorgougehiseyes,forcehischinup,andcounterattackwithhammerfiststrikestotheface
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orthroatinamotionsimilartoBearhugfromtheFrontwithArmsFree—LeverageontheNeck(page207).
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ARMBARFROMTHEGUARDGroundfightingFromtheguard,wegenerallyprefertokickoutandgetupratherthanremainonthegroundandattemptgrapplingtechniques.However,somelocks,suchasthisone,areverypracticaltoknow.Thistechniqueisveryeffectiveiftheattackermakesthemistakeofstraighteninghisarmwhilefightingorattemptingtoescapetheguard.Insportfighting,thistechniquecancausetheopponentto“tap,”orsurrender.Whenyourlifeisthreatenedonthestreet,thistechniquemaybeusedtodamageorbreaktheattacker’sarm.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,holdingtheattackerinyourguard.
1.Astheattackerstraightenshisarminanattempttoescape,grabholdofhisstraightenedarmandpull.Thegrabshouldbemadewithonehandonhiselbowandtheotherhandonhiswristforthemostsecurehold.
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2–3.Asyoupull,bringyournearlegupandoverhisheadtowraparoundhisneck.Asyoudothis,shiftyourhipssothattheyareperpendiculartotheattacker,ifpossible.Keeppullingtomakesureyourhipsandgroingetclosetohisshoulder.Thisensuresthathiselbowwillbeabovethelineofyourgroin.
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4–5.Ifpossible,usethelegmotiontotakehimdownontohisback,althoughthisactionisnotnecessaryfortheexercisetobesuccessful.Ifhestaysupright,orevenifherollstheotherwayandyouenduponyourstomach,thearmlockcanstillwork.
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6.Squeezeyourkneestogether,pullthepinkysideofhishandtoyourchest,andpushoutwithyourhips.Thisputspressureonhiselbow.Becarefulintraining!
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GUARDREVERSAL(SITUPANDSWEEP)GroundfightingKickingofffromtheguardwillbeyourmostcommontechniquewhenyoufindyourselfonyourbackwithsomeoneinyourguard.However,somedeterminedattackerswillnotallowyoutocreatemuchdistanceorgetaway.Inthesecases,youneedtoknowhowtoreverseyourposition,ratherthanjustescape.Thisreversalcanbedonewhentheattacker,inyourguard,sitsbacktopunch.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,holdingtheattackerinaclosedguard.
1.Astheattackersitsback,situpandputyourfeetonthefloor.
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2.Postonehand(NOTyourelbow)onthefloorandliftyourhips;reachyouroppositehandupandacrosstotheattacker’soppositeside.Keepyourchindown;yourreachshouldalsoshieldyourfacefrompunches.Withyourreachinghand,grabthebackofhisarmonorabovehiselbow.
3–5.Pullhiselbow/arminanddown(asthoughtryingtopullhimunderyou)
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whiledrivingwithyouroutsidehiptohelpturnhimover.
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TIPSIfyouuseaclosedguard(anklescrossed),you’llneedtoreleaseyourlegsbeforeyoucanputyourfeetonthefloor.
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CHOKEFROMTHESIDEDEFENSE
Groundfighting
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,withtheattackerkneelingonyourrightsideandapplyingachoke.
1.Makearight-handedpalmheelstriketotheattacker’ssternumorfaceasyoumakeapluckwithyourlefthand.Thestrikeismadeonlytocreatespace.
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2.Immediatelyrollyourhipsup,tuckyourrightkneeinagainsttheattacker’schest,andbringyourleftfootintotheair.Asyoutuckyourrightkneeintotheattacker’schest,bringyourrighthandbackandgrabthedefender’slefthand.Bothyourhandsshouldnowbeholdingandpullingontheattacker’srighthand.
3.Bringyourleftlegdowninasharpmotionalongtheleftsideoftheattacker’sneck.Yourgoalshouldbebothtostrikeandtobringhimtowardtheground.
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4.Asyoutakehimdown,focusonbringingyourleftheeltoyourbuttocks.Thiswillkeeptheattackerclosetoyouandgiveyoumorecontrol.Continuetopullontheattacker’srightarmtomaintaincontrolandkeephimclose.
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5–6.Astheattackerhitstheground,bringyourrightfootupacrosshischest.Ifyouhavekepthimcloseandpulledonthearm,theattacker’sleftelbowwillbeabovethelineofyourgroin.HeisnowinapositionfortheArmBar(page314).
TIPS
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TIPS
Onceyouapplythearmbar,youmayalsocontinuewithstompstotheattacker’sfaceandmidsection.
VARIATION:BecauseKravMagaemphasizessimplicity,aless-complexversionofthedefenseispossible.Insteadoftakingtheattackerdownwithyourleftfoot,simply“stomp”upwardtowardhisfaceandkicktheattackeraway.Ifyoumeetresistance,youmayhavetoperformthetakedown.
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HEADLOCKFROMTHESIDEDEFENSE(BASICPOSITIONING)
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GroundfightingThisisaverycommonwayforagroundfighttoendup.Unlesstheattackerismuchbiggerandstronger,theattackofferslessdangerthanwouldappear.Thedefendercanbepunchedandachokeispossible,thoughunlikely.However,a“neckcrank”ispossible.Therearethreebasictechniqueswithwhichtoescapefromthishold.However,twoofthemareverysimilar,andcanbeconsideredonetechnique.Wediscussbasicpositioningfirstsincethemovementsdescribedinlatersectionsallplayoffofthisposition.
THEPOSITION:Whentheattackerappliestheheadlockwhilesittingtoyourrightside,tuckyourchintoavoidbeingpunchedorchokedandshiftyourhipssothatyouareonyourside.
Raiseyourfree(upper)handupandplaceyourforearmacrossyourattacker’sneckandjaw.Thisarmcanbeusedtopushagainsttheattacker’sthroat/neck/headtopreventhimfromapplyingmaximumpressureagainstyourheadandneck.
Tuckyourother(lower)handin.Donotletthishandgetcaughtinsideyourattacker’soutsidehandbecausehewilltrapitthereeasily.
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HEADLOCKFROMTHESIDEDEFENSE(ATTACKER’SWEIGHTFORWARD;LEGWRAP)GroundfightingIfyoufeelyourattackerleaningforward,executethefollowingfinishingmove.
STARTINGPOSITION:HeadlockfromtheSideDefenseBasicPositioning(page323).
1.Reachyourtoplegoverandhooktheattacker’sleg.
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2.Pullonhislegasyoustraightenyours.Simultaneouslyuseyourtoparmtopushagainsthisneck,anddriveyourtophipintohis.Yourweightshouldtraveltowardhishead.Thisactionshouldalsocauseyourlowerhiptoslideoutfromunderneathhim.
3–4.Asheisforcedforward,driveyourshoulderdownwardintohis,creatingpressureonhisarmandneck.Inmostcases,thiswillreleasetheheadlock.
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TIPS
Besuretodriveyourweighttowardhishead,wherehehasnobase.
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Besuretodriveyourweighttowardhishead,wherehehasnobase.
VARIATION:Iftheattackercontinuestomaintaintheheadlock,continuetoshiftyourhipsuntilyouareinacrouchedposition,ontheothersideofhisbody,withtheattackeronhissidebeneathyou.Becarefultomaintainyourbalance.Deliverhammerfiststrikestohisface,orgougeouthisfaceandeyes.
Iftheheadlockpersists,makeapalmheelstrikeagainsthisjawline,drivingupwardwithyourshoulderstostretchhimout.Thisiscalleda“cross-face.”
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HEADLOCKFROMTHESIDEDEFENSE(ATTACKER’SWEIGHTFORWARD;WITHSPACE)GroundfightingAlthoughthistechniqueappearsdissimilarfromthepreviousexerciseandwillhaveaslightlydifferentresult,themovementsmadearealmostexactlythesame.Thistechniqueisdonewhenasmartattacker,attemptingtoavoidtheleghookoftheprevioustechnique,leansforwardbutalsoscootshislegsforwardtostayoutofyourreach.Althoughthismakesaleghookdifficult,itcreatesspacethatyoucanusetoyouradvantage.
STARTINGPOSITION:HeadlockfromtheSideDefenseBasicPositioning(page323).
1.Reachyourtoplegover,asthoughtryingtohooktheattacker’sleg.
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2.Failingtohooktheleg,continuethemotionsothatyourhipsshift.Atthesametime,drawyourkneesupsothatyouareonyourkneesnexttoyourattacker.Yourlowerhandshouldbereadytobaseoutandstabilizeyourposition.Fromhere,thegreatestdangeroftheheadlockisessentiallyneutralized,althoughyoustillhaveastrongfightonyourhands.
3–4.Fromthisposition,youcaneitherslipoutoftheheadlock,delivercounterattacks,orevenmakeadefenseagainstheadlockfromtheside(page323).
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HEADLOCKFROMTHESIDEDEFENSE(ATTACKER’SWEIGHTBACK)GroundfightingAttackerswillsometimesshifttheirweightbackwardtoapplymorepressuretotheneckortoavoidbeingtakenforward.
STARTINGPOSITION:HeadlockfromtheSideDefenseBasicPositioning(page323).
1–2.Withyourupperarm,pushtheattacker’supperbodybackward,towardyourownhips.Atthesametime,quicklyscootyourhipsoutoftheway.YourhipsMUSTmovequicklyoryouwillstallthetechnique.
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3.Astheattackerrollsback,pullyourselfuptoyourknees,makingsureyourbottomhandisavailabletobaseoutincaseheattemptstorollyou.
4.Attackwithhammerfists,clawattheface,kneestotheback,orcross-face(seenoteunderHeadlockfromtheSideDefense—Attacker’sWeightForwardonpage324)untilhereleasesyourhead.
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ESCAPEFROMTHEGUARD(STACKING)GroundfightingSTARTINGPOSITION:Attackerisonhisback,holdingyoutightinhisguard.
1–2.Driveforwardandmakeconstantattackstohisfacewithpunches,hammerfists,headbutts,scratches,eyegouges,etc.Besuretoprotectagainstarmbarsbyholdingyourelbowsintight.
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3.Driveyourweightforwardto“roll”or“stack”himsothathishipsarehigherthanhishead.Yourhipsshouldlieagainstthebacksofhisthighssothathebearsyourweightaswellashisown.Squeezeyourkneesagainsthislegs.Yourfeetshouldmoveupandspreadouttostabilizeyou.
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4.Delivermorecounterattacks.Youshouldbeinabetterpositiontodelivermorepunches.
5.Ifhereleaseshisguard,getupandout.
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TIPS
Don’tleanyourweighttoofarforwardoryou’llgetrolled.Don’tbringyourfeettoofarforwardorhe’llgrabthem.
VARIATION:Ifheloosens,butdoesnotrelease,hisguard,trytokneelbackdownwithyourweightback.You’llstillbeintheguard,butyouwillnowhavespacetopunchtothegroin.
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SIDEMOUNT(BASICPOSITION)GroundfightingSidemountisanexcellentpositionfromthetop.It’softenmorestablethanafullmountbecausetheattacker(onbottom)islessabletousehishipstobuckyouoff.
THEHOLD:Withtheattackerontheground,sprawlyourupperbodyoverhistorso.Putyourweightthroughyourchestontohisbody,keepingyourelbowspressedinagainsthisbodyandheadtokeephimtight.
Pullyourbottomknee(theoneclosesttohiship)upsoitpressestightlyagainsthisbodyandhip,andextendyourtopleg(theoneclosesttohishead)outsothatyourhiptouchesthefloor.
TIPS
Yourgoalistoremoveanyspacebetweenyouandtheattacker(remember,spaceequalsescape!).
VARIATION:Itisalsoacceptabletodoasidemountbyhavingbothkneesupandunderyou.Thispositionallowsforbetterstriking,butremovessomeofthe
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pressurefromtheattacker’schest,allowinghimmorefreedomofmovement.Ifyouadoptthisposition,besurethatthetopkneeispressedclosetohisupperbody,andthatyourhandsandarmsarepositionedtostophimfromshiftinghishipsawaytocreatespace.
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SIDEMOUNT(ARMLOCK)
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GroundfightingThistechniqueisgoodifyoufeeltheneedtocontroltheattacker(or,alternately,breakhisarm)ratherthanstrike.
STARTINGPOSITION:AssumeaSideMount(page332)ontheattacker’srightsidesothathisleftarmisontheoutside.
1.Withyourlefthand,pushdownontheattacker’sleftwristusingathumb-lessgrip.
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2.Withthebackofhishandonthefloor,reachunderneathhisarmwithyourrighthandandcatchyourownwrist—again,usingthethumb-lessgrip.Keepyourbodyandknee(s)closetohimsothathecannotpivotaway,andkeepyourweightontopofhim.Oneofhisdefenseswillbetoturnhisbodytorelievethepressure.
3.Keepingthebackofhishandontheground,slidehishandtowardhiship.Atthesametime,liftyourrightelbow,whichwillcrankhisleftelbow,causingextremepressureonhisshoulder.
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SIDEMOUNT(STRIKES)GroundfightingInKravMaga,fromthetoppositionweprefertostrikewheneverpossiblesincethedefendercangeneratepowerandbecausestrikinggenerallyallowsthedefendertodisengagewhenhefeelsitisappropriate.Fromthesideposition,theprimary“technique”isnotthestrikeitself.Allthestrikesarebasic.Themainconcernisthatthedefenderlearnstostrikewhilealsomaintainingasolidpositiontopreventtheattackerfromgaininganadvantage.Thedefendershouldpracticedeliveringoneortwostrikesandthencheckhisposition.Youcanapplythefollowingstrikes:STARTINGPOSITION:BasicSideMountposition(page332).
STRIKE1:Elbowdownwardtothesideoftheattacker’shead.
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STRIKE2:Elbowdownwardtotheattacker’sface.
STRIKE3:Kneestothehead.
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STRIKE4:Kneetothebody.
STRIKE5:Headbutt(ifsafe).
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STRIKE6:Bite.
STRIKE7:Eyegouge.
STRIKE8:Hammerfistpunches(althoughelbowsarestronger).
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TIPSStrikewitheitherkneeandeitherhand,butremember,hemaytrytochangepositionsbyshiftinghishipsawayfromyou.Ifyourlowerhandisupandstriking,youmaygivehimtheopeningheneedstocreatedistance.
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SIDEMOUNT(TRANSITIONTOFULLMOUNT)GroundfightingThesidemountisapositionofgreatadvantage.However,thedefendermayfeeltheneedordesiretotransitiontoafullmount.
STARTINGPOSITION:AssumeaSideMount(page332).
1.Slideyourbottomknee(theoneclosesttohiship)upandacrosshisstomach.Ifyouliftyourkneeintotheair,hemayslipunderyou;ifyoutrytomoveyourkneeacrossalowerpartofhisbody,hisownkneemayblockyou.
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2.Asyourkneeandlegreachthefarsideofhisbody,bringyourkneetotheground.
3.Bringyourotherlegclosetohimtocompletethemountposition.
TIPS
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TIPSRemember,ifyouallowtoomuchspacetobecreated,youmaygivetheattackerroomtoimprovehisposition.Alwaysstaytight!
Throughoutthisentiremove,yourgoalshouldbetostayashighonhisbody(towardhischest)aspossible,ratherthandownbyhiships.
VARIATION:Ifheuseshiskneetoblockyourmovement,pushdownonhiskneewithyourlowerhand.
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SIDEMOUNTDISENGAGE(KNEETOBELLY)GroundfightingThedefendershouldknowhowtosafelydisengagefromanyposition,includingsidemount.Thefollowingtechniquecanbeusedeithertoremaininpositionandcontinuestriking,ortoattacktheattackerbrieflyandthendisengage.
STARTINGPOSITION:AssumeaSideMount(page332).
1.Slideyourbottomknee(theoneclosesttohiship)upontohisstomach,almostasthoughmovingintoafullmount.
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2.Pressyourkneeandshinintohisstomachandcomeupontoyourotherfoot.Besureyourweightisonyourkneesothathefeelsit!
3.Continuewithstrikestoneutralizeand/oroccupyhim.
4.Stepupandaway,movingoffquicklytoavoidhavingyourlegs/feetcaught.
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VARIATION:Whilestriking,itmayhelpifyoucanfoldhisarmsinonthemselvesorotherwisetrapthem.
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BlueBelt
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BLUEBELT
OVERVIEW
WeconsiderBlueBelt(sometimescalled“Level4”)tobethefirstadvancedbeltinoursystem.Atthislevel,yourtrainingmovesbeyondbasicfightingskillsandself-defense—younowlearntodefendagainstthreatsandattackswithweaponssuchasgunsandsticks,andyouareintroducedtotheprinciplesofdefensesagainstaknife.Inaddition,sinceaBlueBeltpractitionershouldhavesolid,practicalexperienceinfighting,fightingbecomesasignificantfactorduringtheBlueBelttest.
AlthoughweconsiderBlueBelttobe“advanced”training,youshouldkeeponethinginmind:Evenathighlevels,ourKravMagatechniquesaresimple.Theydo,however,requireaggressiveanddecisiveaction,whichiswhywesavethemforstudentswhohavelearnedthebasictechniquesandareaccustomedtoaggressivetraining.Thetechniquesyouwilllearnherearethesameonesweteachlawenforcementandmilitarypersonnelaroundtheworld.Theaveragetrainingtimeforthislevel(assumingatleasttwotrainingsessionsperweek)isninemonths.
Thissectionintroducesthefollowingmaterial:
CombativesThecombativetechniquesdescribedintheBlueBeltcurriculumincludemore-advancedtechniques,especiallykicksthatmovebeyondthebasicsKravMagaemphasizes.Thereasonsforincludingthese“fancy”techniquesare:
1. Becauseothersystemsusethem,wemustbeproficientenoughtotrainhowtodefendthem.
2. Increasedabilitytoperformthesetechniquestendstoimprovethebasictechniquesaswell.Sweepsareamethodoftakingtheattackertothe
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groundbykickingor“sweeping”hislegsoutfromunderhim.
DefensesThissectionfeaturesmoredefensesagainstkicks,andintroducesdefensesagainstthreetypesofweapons:sticks,knives,andguns.
StickDefenseA“stick”isthemostobviousmemberofafamilyofweaponsknownasbluntobjects.Thesecanincludenotonlybaseballbats,poolcues,tireirons,and“Club”carsecuritydevices,butalsohandheldrocks,hammers,andanyotherstrikinginstrumentthatdoesnotpossessalong,sharpedgeorpoint.Althoughsomeoftheseweapons(suchasarock)donotcreatethedistance-relateddangersofastick,thedefenseremainsthesameforalloftheseweapons.
Ofallthestandardbluntobjects,thestick(anditsobvioussynonyms,suchasabaseballbat)offerstheattackeronesignificantadvantage:reach.Alogicalapproachtostickdefensemustincludeamovement(i.e.,burstingin)toeliminatethisadvantage.Thisideaofburstingforwardshouldbestronglyemphasizedinanystickdefense.However,youcannotassumeyouwillalwayshavetimetoburstin.Yourdefensemustalsoworkifyouarelateandmustdealwiththestickitself.Therefore,thefollowingprinciplesalsoapply:
1. Againstanoverheadattack,thedefensemustcreatenoangleagainstthestick.Thisisdonebykeepingtheelbowsintightandstabbingtowardtheinsideofthewrist.
2. Againstabaseballbatswing,thedefendingstraightarmmustbeheldsothatthemeatypartofthearm,nottheelbow,isfacingthestick,andtheoppositehandmustbeuptoprotecttheface.
It’simportanttoknowhowtotakeawayastick,butonlyfortacticalreasons.Inotherwords,youmightwantthestickasaweaponagainstadditionalattackers.Butaslongasyoustayclosetoyourattacker,thestickinhishandrepresentslittleornodangertoyou.Therefore,don’tworryaboutthetakeawayuntilyou’veperfectedthedefense.
KnifeDefenses
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KnifeDefensesOfthethreebasicweapons(gun,edgedweapon,bluntobject),theedgedweaponorkniferepresentsthemostdifficulttodefend(assuming,ofcourse,thatallthreearewithinreach).Smallchangesintheattackrequirerelativelylargechangesinthenecessarydefense.
Unlikeagun,aknifecannotbegrabbed.Unlikeastick,aknifestillrepresentsasignificantdangerevenwhenyoumoveinclose.Ifyouhaveenoughdistance,kickingispreferred,allowingyoutokeepdistancefromtheknife.Techniquesinthislevelwilldealwithkicksagainsttheknife.Thegeneralruleforkickdefensesagainsttheknifeisthatwhentheknifeislow,kickhigh;whentheknifeishigh,kicklow.
Oneprerequisiteforunderstandingknifedefensesisabasicunderstandingofcommonwaystoholdtheknife.Thethreebasicholdsareregular(overhead)stab,underhandstab,andstraightstab(picturedbelow).
Regular(overhead)stab
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Underhandstab
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Straightstab
GunDefensesAhandgunclearlyrepresentsadangerousthreat.Inanysituationinwhichyoufeelthatcompliancewillresultinyoursafety,youshouldcomply.Nopossessionisworthyourlife.However,it’spossiblethatyoumaycomplywitheveryorderandstillgetkidnappedorkilled.Inthesecircumstances,youmustknowaneffectivedefenseagainstthreatswithahandgun.
It’simportanttounderstandthatmostcrimesinwhichagunisinvolvedtakeplacewithinthreetofivefeetofthedefender.Gunmencomecloseeithertoterrorize,tointimidate,ortohidetheiractionsfrombystanders.Thisstatisticindicatesthattheaveragegun-relatedcrimeoffersthepossibilityfordefensivetactics.
Theover-archingprincipleinKravMaga’sdefensesagainsthandgunthreatsisthis:Onceyouareoutofthelineoffire,donotgobackin.Everytechniqueprescribestothisbasicprinciple.Inaddition,allKravMagatechniquesadheretothefollowingfourstages:
1. RedirecttheLineofFire
2. ControltheWeapon
3. Counterattack
4. Disarm
Often,twooftheseelements(usually,ControlandCounterattack)overlap.AswithallKravMagatechniques,thesedefensesmustworkunderstress.Theymustalsoworkifsimplevariationsarepresentedsothatthesmallestnumberoftechniquesworkagainstthelargestnumberofpossibilities.
MentalityoftheAttackerGunthreatsarenotmadeinavacuum.Agunmanwhosticksaguninyourfacewantssomething.Itmaybeyourpossessions,thesatisfactionofhumiliatingyou,orthethrillofterrorizinganotherhumanbeing.Whatevertheparticular
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orthethrillofterrorizinganotherhumanbeing.Whatevertheparticularmotivation,thegunmanwhothreatensyougenerallydoessotoelicitsomedesiredresponse,notsimplytoexecuteyou.Thisaffordsustheopportunitytomakeadefense.Inadvancedtraining,youmaydealwithsituationsinwhichthegunmanmayindeedbedrawingaweaponsimplytofire.Butthisbeltleveldealswithbasicgunthreatsinarobbery/takeoverscenario.
ReactionIfyouaskpeoplewhatthedefenderis“racing”againstwhentryingtomakeadefense,mostpeoplewillanswer,“Theactofthegunmanpullingthetrigger.”Thisisincorrect.Thedefenderisnotracingagainstthetriggerpull.Ifthatweretrue,everygundefensewouldfail.
Thedefenderis,infact,racingagainstthegunman’soverallresponsetime:therecognitionthatheshouldpullthetriggerplusthetriggerpull.Therefore,gundefenses,especiallytheinitialredirections,mustinvolvetheleastdetectablemotionspossible.Thetechniquesthatfollowadheretotheseprinciples,yetofferdefensesagainsteverycommontypeofgunthreat.
Cavaliers“Cavaliers”arewristlocks.Whydowecallthemcavaliers?ThiswasImi’swordforthem.Hethoughttheywerefancymoves,andtheword“cavalier”soundedfancytohim!
GroundfightingMore-advancedtechniquesarecoveredtoimproveyourpositionwhileontheground.
TakedownsKravMaga,asasystem,doesn’tteachmanytakedownsand,admittedly,someothersystemsteachtakedownsmuchmorethoroughlythanwedo.Thereareanynumberoftakedownpossibilities,includingsingle-leg,double-leg,andtriptakedowns.SinceKravMaga’smandateistokeepthesystemsimple,wepresentonlythreebasictakedownshere.
Beforecontinuing,it’simportanttodiscusscontext:Whytraintotakesomeone
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Beforecontinuing,it’simportanttodiscusscontext:Whytraintotakesomeonedowninthefirstplace?Oneimportantreasonistolearntodefendagainsttakedowns.Evenifyoudon’twanttotakethebadguytothefloor,hemightwanttotakeyouthere.Inordertodefendeffectively,yourpartnerhastomakeanadequaterealisticattack.
Anotherreasoniscontrol.Youmaywithtosubduesomeone(adrunkfriend,anemotionallydisturbedacquaintance)withouthurtingthem.Takingthemtothegroundandholdingthemthereisonepossibleway.
Finally,youmayfindyourselfinafightwithsomeonewhoisbetterthanyouatstandupfighting.Ifyou’reunabletorunaway,atakedownmaybeawaytoneutralizehisstandupskills.
Thedownsidetotakedownsis,ofcourse,thatyouwilloftenenduponthegroundyourself.Onceyou’reontheground,youbecomevulnerabletosecondaryattackers,andittakesjustalittlelongertodisengage,getup,andrunaway.
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INSIDECHOPCombativesInsideandoutsidechopsaremadeagainstnarrowtargets,suchasthesideoftheneckwhenthechinisdownandtheshoulderisup.Theoutsidechopisverysimilartoahammerfist.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatargetthatisinfrontofyou.
1.Raiseyourrighthand,palmdown,andextendyourfingers,flexingthemslightlytocreatetension.
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2.Movingyourarmatadownwarddiagonal,rotateyourpalmsharplyandstrikethetargetwiththeoutside(pinky)edgeofyourhand.Pivotyourhipsforpower.
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OUTSIDECHOP
Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatargetthatistoyourright.
1.Raiseyourrighthand,palmdown,andextendyourfingers,flexingthemslightlytocreatetension.
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2.Strikethetargetwiththeoutside(pinky)edgeofyourhand.Pivotyourhipsforpower.
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MOUTHOFHAND
CombativesThispunchismadewiththetopofthefistwherethethumbandindexfingermeet.Inmanyways,itcanbeconsideredtheoppositeofahammerfistpunch.Thepunchismadeoneitheranupwardorlateralanglefromtheoutsideinwardorforward.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatargetthatisinfrontofyou.Makeafist.
1.Swingyourhandforwardandupward,makingsuretobringyourshoulderforwardandpivotyourhip.
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2.Oncontact,bendyourelbowtoprotectitfromhyperextensionandtodeliverextrapower.
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AXEKICK
CombativesAxekickisconsideredoneofthelesspracticalkicksinKravMagabecauseitrequiresgreaterflexibilityandexposesthekickertodanger.However,itisusefulincertainsituationsanddoeshavesolidapplicationsingroundfighting.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatarget.
1.Raiseyourrearlegjustacrossandoutsidethetarget(e.g.,ifyoukickwithyourrightleg,raiseittowardtheleft).
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2–3.Keepingyourlegrelativelystraight,bringitupoverthetarget,thendownhard,makingcontactwithyourheel.Asyoumakecontact,bendyourkneetoprotectthejointandtoaddpower.Besureyourweightisinthekickbypressingforwardanddownwithyourhip.
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VARIATION:Thisversiongenerallyrequiresevenmoreflexibilitythantheonedetailedabove:Ratherthanliftingyourlegtotheside,chamberyourlegintight,raiseyourkneehigh,thenkickoutwardtowardthetargetbeforedeliveringtheaxekickdownward.
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SPINNINGOUTSIDESLAPKICK
CombativesThisspinningkickcanbeusedtogiveanopponenta“different”lookiftheopponentisusedtodealingwithroundkicksandfrontkicks.Thekickismosteasilydeliveredifthetargetisslightlyoff-angle(e.g.,ifyou’reinafightingstancewithyourrightlegbackandyourtargetistothefrontandleft)becauseitrequireslessrotation.Itiscertainlypossible,however,tomakethekickwithafull360°spin.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatarget.
1.Pivotonyourforward(left)footsoyouturnoveryourrightshoulder.Focusonbringingyourheadandrightshoulderaroundsothatyourshoulderpassesthetarget.
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2.Asyourheadcomesaroundandyourshouldercomesinlinewiththetarget,bringyourrightkneeuptoyourchest.
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3.Asyourshoulderpassesthetarget,giveanOutsideSlapKick(page265).
4.Landinfightingstancefacingthetarget.
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TIPS
Beforeturning,youcantakeasmalldiagonalstepforwardtodecreasethedegreeofyourturn.
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SPINNINGHEELKICK
CombativesSpinningheelkickisoneofthemostdifficultkickstolearn.Itinvolvesacertainamountofcomfort/trustinone’sownbodymovement.However,spinningheelkickmaybeconsideredslightlymorepracticalthanspinningoutsideslapkickbecausetheweapon(theheel)tendstobeharderthanthesideofthefoot,andbecausethekickrequiresslightlylessspintobedeliveredwithstrength.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingatarget.
1.Takeadiagonalstepwithyourforward(left)foot.Thisstephelpsthekickbyshorteningthedegreeoftheturn.
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2.Spintowardyourright,pivotingonyourleftfoot.Focusongettingyourheadandshoulderaroundquickly.
3.Whenyourrightshoulderispointingatthetarget,raiseyourrightlegandswingthroughtodeliveraheelkick.
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4.Strikethroughthetargetwithyourheel.
5.Endinfightingstancefacingthetarget.
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TIPSMoreadvancedstudentscanomittheinitialdiagonalstep.
VARIATION:Theinitialdiagonalstepcanbeaccompaniedbyaleftpunchtodisguiseit.Iftheinstructionsabovearetoocomplex,youcantrythistrainingmethod.
1.MakearegularHeelKick(page262)withyourrightleg.
2.Nowcrossyourrightlegoveryourleft,thendeliverthesameheelkick.This“crossed”positionisexactlyhowyoushouldfeelduringaspinningheelkickjustbeforeyourlegisreleased.
Nowyoucanbegininafightingstanceandpracticespinning(withoutthekick)untilyourshoulderpointsatthetarget(youcanreachouttotouchthetargettoconfirmhowfaryou’vespun).Youshouldendupinexactlythesamepositionyouwereinwhendoingthe“crossed”heelkick.
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SWEEPWITHFORWARDKICK
CombativesThisisa“true”sweepthatreliesonpositioning,balance,andleverage.Forcontext,assumethefollowing:Thedynamicsofthefighthavetakenyoutoapositionatyouropponent’sside,withyoueitherfacingperpendiculartohim,oralmostthesamedirectionhefaces.
STARTINGPOSITION:Standwiththeattackeronyourrightside,bothofyoufacingforward.
1.Controltheattacker’supperbodybygrabbinghisshirtorcatchingacrosshischest.
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2.Asyouraiseyourright(inside)legback,pullhimsothathisweightfallsontohisnearfoot.
3.Sweepyourrightfootlowsothatthesoleofyourfootbrushesthefloorandthefrontofyourankletouchesthebackofhisankle.Yourtoesmustpointinthe
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samedirectionashis.
4.Continuetosweepthrough,lettingyourfootriseofftheflooraftercontactwithhisankle.Atthesametime,useyourrightarmtodrivehimbackanddowntothefloor.
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SWEEPWITHHEELKICK
CombativesSTARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingtheattacker.Grabyourattackerwithonehandoneitherofhisshoulders.Youroutsidefoot(left)mustbeatleastonthesamelineashis.Ifyou’retoofaraway,you’llendupgettingsweptyourself.
1.Usingyourhandsonhisshoulders,pullhisrightshoulderwhilepushinghisleftshoulder.Thiswillforcehimslightlyback,whilealsoputtingweightontheclosest(right)leg.
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2–3.Takeyourrightfootoutsideandpasthisrightfoot,andsweepbackwardswithamovementverysimilartoanoffensivebackkick.Thesoleofyourfootshouldbrushthefloor;thebackofyourankleshouldmakecontactwiththebackofhis;yourtoesshouldbepointedintheoppositedirectionashis.Yourhipshouldbeslightlyinsideofhis.Thinkaboutliftingyourheeltotheceiling.Followthroughwiththemotion,continuingthepull/pushactionwithyourhandsanddrivingtheattacker’supperbodydown.
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GENERALDEFENSEAGAINSTMEDIUMTOHIGHKICKSDefensesKravMagahasa“general”defenseagainstmediumtohighattacks.Thisdefensecanbemadewhenthehandsareupordown,andespeciallywhenthedefendercannotinstantlydeterminetheheightoftheattack.Althoughthisdefenseisverybasic,itisappliedindefensessuchasStick(BaseballBatSwing),Knife(Slash),HeelKick,SpinningHeelKick,andRoundKick,asdescribedhere.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattackerthrowsahighrightroundkick,angleyourbodyinward(ifnecessary)sothatyourshoulderpointsatthekick.Raisingyourleftshouldertoprotectyourchin,straightenyourleftarmdownandtightenthemuscles.Thebackofyourhandshouldfacethekicksothatyourelbowisnotexposed.Simultaneouslybringyourrighthandupandacrosstoprotectyourface.Besureyourchinistucked.
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Continuewithcounterssuchasanelbowtotheface.
TIPS
Iftimeallows,burstintomeetthekickbeforeitdevelopsfullpower.Eveniftimedoesnotallowforastep,youshouldstillleanintobraceyourselfagainst
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timedoesnotallowforastep,youshouldstillleanintobraceyourselfagainstthekick.
Thedefensecanbemadewiththestraightarmineitherafistorwithfingersextended.Afistispreferablebecauseittightensupthearmmusclestohelpthemabsorbtheimpact.However,ifyouaresurprised,the“fingersextended”versionisprobablywhatyou’lldo.
Onceyou’veblocked,itisalsopossibletotraptheleganddeliverknees,orsweep.
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SLIDINGDEFENSEAGAINSTHIGHROUNDKICKDefensesInadditiontostoppinghighkicks,asshownintheGeneralDefenseagainstMediumtoHighKicks(page362),KravMagaalsoutilizesaredirecting(inthiscase,“sliding”)defenseagainsthighroundkicks.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstancewithyourhandsabitlowtosimulateeithersettinguptheopponentorfatigue.
1.Astheattackerthrowsahighrightroundkick,stabjustbeneaththerisingkickwithyourlefthand,whichisinafistwiththepalmfacingthefloor.Atthesametime,bringyourotherhandupandacrosstoprotectyourface.
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2–3.Quicklyraiseyourarmasyoufeelthekickslidealongyourarm,andsimultaneouslyburstforwarddiagonallyinthedirectionofthekick.Theattacker’slegshouldbedrivenup,decreasingitspowerandstretchingouttheattacker’sgroin.
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Fromhere,youcana)throwtheattackeroff,b)trapthelegandpunch,orc)trapthelegandperformanOutsideSweepwithHeelKick.
TIPSThesamedefensecanbemadeifthehandsaredown.
Beawarethatifthetechniqueisperformedlate,the“slide”willnotbeachieved,andthemovementbecomesaGeneralDefense.
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PLUCKINGDEFENSEAGAINSTLOWTOMEDIUMSIDEKICKDefensesThisdefensecanbemadetotheliveordeadside,usingeitherhand.However,itisgenerallyeasiertomaketotheattacker’slivesidebecauseitallowsthedefendertopluckattheattacker’sfoot,ratherthanattheheel.Itisalsoeasiertodefendonthedefender’slivesidebecauseitmakesthebodydefensesimpler(thehipsarealreadyturned).However,thesetwoanglesarenotalwaysofferedatthesametime.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattackerthrowsamediumrightsidekick,reachoutwithyourrighthand,makingsureyourhandandforearmtravelparalleltothefloorsothattheydonotofferanangletothekick.
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2–3.Asyourhandpassestheapproachingkick,pluckbackwards,lettingyourelbowandforearmslidetightalongyourbody.Allowthemotionoftheplucktopullyourbodyforward(withtheleftsideleading),makingabodydefense.Simultaneouslyburstinwithyourfeet.
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Continuewithcounterattacks.
TIPSThistechniquemustbemadequickly—thedefendinghandmovesinaquick“pickpocket”motion.Ifyoudefendtoyourdeadside,youwillneedtotakeastepwithyourbackfootinordertoburstin.
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SLIDINGDEFENSEAGAINSTSPINNINGHEELKICK
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DefensesTheprinciplesanddynamicsofthisdefenseareexactlythesameasthoseinSlidingDefenseagainstHighRoundKick(page363).
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Astheattackermakesarightspinningheelkick,burstdiagonallyforward,bringingyourlefthandacrossyourfaceandforwardtoprotectagainstthekick(ifyou’relate)oragainstaspinningbackfistorelbow.Youradvanceshouldtakeyoutowardtheattacker’srighthipasitcomesaroundinthespin.
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2.Stabwithyourrightarm,aimingtoslidejustunderneaththeknee.
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3.Asyourarmmakescontact,raiseituptotakethemomentumfromthekick.
Ifyousucceedincatchingtheleg,youcana)trapitandstrike,b)throwthepersonoffbyshovingthelegintotheair,orc)trapthelegandperformasweep.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTSPINNINGHEELKICK
DefensesAlthoughafightingstanceisusedtodescribethekickinthislesson,thisdefensecanbeperformedfromafightingstanceoraneutralstance.Thisdefenseassumesthatyouidentifytheattackrelativelyearly.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Astheattackermakesarightspinningheelkick,makeadefensivefrontkickwithyourrightleg.Kicktheattackeronthelegjustbelowtherightbuttock,atthetopofhisthigh.Besureyourhandsareupandcoveringincasethekickcomeshighandyourdefenseistoolatetocatchtheattacker’sleg.
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STICKDEFENSEAGAINSTOVERHEADSWINGStickDefenses“Overheadswing”referstoalmostanyattackinwhichtheswingiscomingfromapointhigherthantheattacker’sshoulderinadownwardmotion.Theattackmightbestraightdownorataslightangle.
Note:Wheneverindoubt,usethisdefenseasyour“default”defense.Itoffersthemostoverallprotection.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1.Astheattackerswingsthestickusinghisrightarm,bringyourhandsuptoyourhead,keepingyourfingersextendedandthebladesofyourhandsdownward.Besureyourelbowsareintighttoyourbodysothatyourdefendingarmisstraightandpresentsnoangletothestick.Bringyourheaddownbutkeepyoureyesforward.Leanforwardwithyourbodyevenbeforeyourfeetmove.Thissmallmotionwillhelpgetyoupastthestick.
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2.Staboutwithyourdefending(usuallytheleft)handtotheinsideoftheattacker’swristandburstforwardwithyourfeet.Atthesametime,punchtotheattacker’sfacewithyourotherhand.Asyoustabandpunch,keepyourshoulderssquaretotheattacker.Thiskeepsyourheadfrombeingexposed.
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3.Assoonasyoufeelthedefensehasbeenmade,immediatelygrabtheattacker’sshoulderwithbothhandsanddeliverkneestrikes.
TIPSIfyouarelatestabbingoutyourdefendinghand,youwilldefendthestickinstead.Aslongasyouhaven’tcreatedanangleagainstthestick,youshouldbeallright.
VARIATIONS:Onceyouunderstandthebasicdefense,havetheattackerswingatdifferentangles.Besureyoualwaysstabjustinsidetheswinginghandand
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notautomaticallystraightoverhead.
TAKEAWAY1:Ifyoufeeltheassailantweaken,slideyourlefthandalonghisrightarmuntilitreachesthehand.Ifyoufeelthetipofthestickprotrudefromhishand,claspitandpullwhilegivingapalmheelstriketothesideofhisheadwithyourrighthand.
TAKEAWAY2(NOTPICTURED):Reachbackwithyourlefthand,grabthe
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endofthestick,andmakeasharp“U”shapewithittopoptheotherendoutoftheattacker’shand.
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STICKDEFENSEAGAINSTOVERHEADSWINGOFFANGLE/DEAD-SIDE(ONESTEP)StickDefensesInalmosteverycase,itispreferabletodefendoverheadswingsontheliveside.However,iftheattackcomesatanextremeangle(forinstance,ifaright-handedattackerswingsfromthedefender’sfarrightside),thedefendermayhavenochoicebuttomakeanoff-angle,ordead-side,defense.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1–2.Astheattackerswingsthesticktowardyourrightusinghisrightarm,raiseyournear-side(right)handandstabtotheoutsideoftheattacker’swrist,makingsurenottocreateanangleagainstthestick.Asyouraiseyourhand,turnyourshoulderstosquarethemtotheattackerandleanforwardtogetinpastthestick.Stepwithyouroutside(left)foottoburstforwardandclosemoredistance.
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3.Asyouredirectthestick,pivotinthedirectionofthestick,trappingorcoveringthestick.
4–7.Catchthearmandcounterattackwithpunches;disarmtheattacker.
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VARIATION:Burstinwithyourinside(right)footinsteadofyourleft.Asyouredirectthestick,takeastepwithyourleftfootandcounterattack.Thisdefenseputsmoredistancebetweenthedefenderandapossiblethirdpartyapproachingfrombehind.
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STICKDEFENSEAGAINSTBASEBALLBATSWING(HORIZONTALSWING)StickDefensesUnlikeoverheadswing,inwhichthedefenseredirectstheattack,thisdefensestopstheattack.However,westillemphasizeleaningforwardandburstingin.Also,noteagainthatifyouareeverindoubtastowhethertheattackisanoverheadorbaseballbatswing,usetheStickDefenseagainstOverheadSwing(page370).
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1.Astheattackerswingsthesticktowardyourleftusinghisrightarm,turnyourleftshoulderinandtowardthedirectionofthestick.Asyoudothis,leanintowardtheattacker’sarm/shoulderandextendyourleftarmdownalongyourbody,butnottouching.Besurethemeatypartofyourarm,nottheelbow,ispointedtowardtheoncomingstick.Alsobringyourrighthandacrossyourbodyanduptoprotecttheleftsideofyourface.NotethatthisisverymuchliketheGeneralDefenseagainstMediumtoHighKicks(page362).
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2.Burstforwardtowardtheinsideofthestick.Onimpact,“pop”yourleftarmslightlyforwardforadditionalimpactagainstthebodyor,ifyouaredefendingagainstthestickitself,tocatchthestickearlierinitsmotion.
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3.Afterimpact,immediatelybringyourlefthanduptotrapthestickarmwhilesimultaneouslygivingarightelbowstriketotheattacker’sface.
4.Followupwithkneestrikes.
TIPSEventhoughyourleftarmisextendeddownward,besureyourleftshoulderisuptohelpprotectyourjaw.
Sometimesyouwillnothavetimetoburstforward.Thisiswhyturninginwardissoimportant—itoftentakesyouforward,pastthestick,evenifyourfeetdon’tmove.
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move.
TAKEAWAYVARIATION:Onceyoufeeltheattackerweaken,reachoverwithyourrighthand,grabtheendofthestick,andsnapitdownwardina“U.”
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KICKDEFENSEAGAINSTKNIFEATTACKFROMADISTANCEKickDefensesLikeallkickdefenses,thisdefenseassumestheattackerisatadistanceandisapproachingwithdetermination.Ifyoudon’trecognizetheattackearlyon,youwon’tbeabletokick.
Inpreviousyears,wemadeadistinctionamongdifferentattacksandexecuteddifferenttypesofkicksrelativetoeachgrip.However,emphasiswasalwaysplacedondeliveringANYkindofkickasearlyaspossible.Morerecently,we’vesimplifiedthetechniquetofollowthatstrategysothatyoudeliveronemidlinekickagainstallattacks.Thisobeysthedictumthatyouwillprobablynotseeaknifeanyway,andthereforeyouwon’tbeabletojudgethetypeofhold.Thereisnotimefordecisionmaking—justsendakick!
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1–2.Astheattackerapproaches,burstforwardwithakicksimilartoaDefensiveFrontKick(page155),orFrontKick—VerticalTarget(page74).
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Immediatelymakedistanceandlookforanobjecttouseasaweaponorshield,orrun.
TIPS
Ifthereisnotimetoadvance,makethekickinplace.Ineithercase,makeyourselfaslongaspossiblebyextendingyourhip.Thisallowsyoutostrikewhiletheknifeisasfarawayaspossible.
VARIATION:Continuetoattackinordertodestroythetarget,controllingtheknifearmwithyourhands.
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KICKAGAINSTSTRAIGHTSTAB(BAILINGOUT)KickDefensesThisdefensecanbeusedifthedefenderrecognizestheknifeattackandwantstobailoutandawayfromthelineoftheattack.Ifthedefenderdoesnotrecognizeinadvancethatastraight-stabknifeattackiscoming,heshouldmakearegularfrontkickasinthepreviousexercise.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1–2.Astheattackerburstsinwiththestab,stepdiagonallyforwardwithyourleftfootand“bailout”withyourbody,takingyourrightshouldertowardyourleftkneetogetoutofthelineoftheattacker.Asyoumakethisbodydefense,deliveraroundkickwiththeballofyourfoottotheattacker’sgroin.Recoilyourfootquicklyandmoveoff,lookingtoescapeorpickupanobjecttouseasashieldorweapon.
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VARIATION:Itispossibletocontinuewithattacksandattempttocontroltheweapon.Thisis,however,difficulttoperforminrealisticscenarios,andwenolongerrequireitasapartofthetechnique.However,wedescribeithereforreference:Afterdeliveringtheroundkick,recoilyourfootandchamberforasidekick.Deliverasidekicktothesideoftheattacker’skneewhilecontrollingtheknifehandwithyourrighthand.
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GUNFROMTHEFRONTGunDefensesCaution:Intraining,DONOTletyourpartnerputhisfingeronthetriggerasitmaygetbroken.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance.
1.Astheattackerpresentsthegunwithhisrighthand,smoothlysendyourlefthandtotheweaponinastraightline,puttingthesideofyourindexfingeratthesideoftheweaponandpushinginastraightlinetoyourright.Themovementshouldtakethegunoffyourbodyparalleltothefloor.Anydiagonalmovementupordownmeansthatthegunstaysonyourbodyforalongerperiodoftime.Thismovementalsomovestheweaponfromvitalareas(centerofthechest)toareasthatarelessvital,untiltheguniscompletelyoff.Justasyourhandreachestheweaponandbeginstoredirect,makeabodydefensebyallowingyourleftshouldertocomeforward.Thishastheaddedbenefitofputtingyourmotionandweighttowardthegunmaneventhoughyourfeethavenotyetmoved.
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2.Grabtheweaponsharplyand“punch”itdownsothatthegunpoints90°awayfromyouandisroughlyparallelwiththefloor.Youshouldalreadybeputtingweightdownontheweapon.Burstforwardwithyourfeetsothatyouendupinafightingstancewithyourleftfootjustoutsidethegunman’srightfoot.Often,thegunwillendupontheattacker’sstomach.Thisisfine,butisnotarequirementsincethegunman’sbodypositionisnotalwayspredictable.Amoreconsistentruleisthis:Thegunshouldbeinfrontofyourrightthigh(butnotpointingthatway),withyourweightonit.
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3.Keepyourweightontheweaponbutdeliverapunchtothefacewithyourrighthand.Alwaysmakesureyourweightstaysontheweapon!
4.Recoilyourpunch,slideyourhandalongyourbodytoavoidthelineoffire,reachdown,andgrabtheweaponatthehammerorthebackoftheslide.
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5.Rotatethegunsharply90°to“break”itfromthegunman’sgrasp.Thismaybreakthegunman’sfinger.
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6.Pulltheweaponbacktowardyourleftside.Notethatyourfeethavenotyetmoved.Assoonastheweaponisinyourpossession,retreattoasafedistance.
TIPSTheinitialredirectionmustinvolvenootherbodymovement:noleaning,notensing,noshiftingofyourfeet.
AsyouredirectinStep2,yourrighthandcanalreadybecominguptopunch,butitshouldbeclosetoyourbodysothatitisnotinthelineoffire.
TOTHEHEADVARIATION:ThistechniqueisthesameastheregulardefenseagainstGunfromtheFront(page382),withonedifference:Youmakeanearlierbodydefensebymovingyourheadevenbeforeyourhandhasreached
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thegun(althoughthehandalwaysleadsthemotion).Thisispossiblebecausethemovementtogetyourheadoutofthelineoffireisshorterandsimplerthanmovingyourwholebody.
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GUNTOTHESIDEOFTHEHEAD
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GunDefensesFordemonstrationpurposes,theseinstructionsassumethatthegunisintheattacker’srighthand.Exceptfortheinitialredirection,thistechniqueisessentiallylikeGunfromtheFront(page382).
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance,withthegunmanonyourleftside.
1–2.Astheattackerpresentsthegunwithhisrighthand,liftyourlefthandupalongyourbody,keepingyourelbowback.Asyourhandnearsthegun,begintomakeabodydefensebytiltingyourheadbackward.Thetimingofthisheadmovementisearly,similartothatofGunfromtheFront(TotheHead).Withyourfingersup,redirectthegunforwardandgrabit.
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3.Immediatelyturnthegunsharplysothatitpointsapproximately90°awayfromyouand“punch”theweapondownwithyourweightontopofit.
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4–6.Turnyourbodyandbursttowardtheattacker,completingthetechniqueexactlyasinGunfromtheFront.
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GUNFROMTHESIDE,BEHINDTHEARMGunDefenses
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance,withtheattackertoyourleft.
1.Astheattackerputsthegunbehindyourleftarmwithhisrighthand,makeasmallredirectionwithyourarm,pushingthegunofflinebehindyou.Thismovementshouldberelativelysmall.
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2.Turntowardthegunmanandreachtowardhimwithyourlefthand(theonethatmadetheredirection),slippingyourarmunderneaththegunman’s.Yourgoalshouldbetoreachasdeepaspossibleevenbeforeyou’vemovedyourfeet.
3.Continuingtoreachwithyourlefthand,burstinVERYDEEPsothatyour
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leftfootisoutsidethegunman’srightfoot.Wrapyourleftarmup,bringingyourfisttightlytoyourchesttosecuretheforearmholdingthegun.Withyourreararm,deliveranelbowstriketothegunman’sface.Asyoudeliverthestrike,youcanslideyourotherarmbacktosecurethewristratherthantheforearm.
4.Followwithkneestrikes.
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5.Withyourfreehand,reachover,pinkyup,andgrabthebarrel.
6.Snapdownhardwithyourelbowtobreakhisgrip.
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7.Liftthegunuptogetitoffthefingerinthetrigger.
8.Strikewithanelboworthemuzzleandgetout,creatingdistance.
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TIPSBesureyourholdonthewristisstrong.Pressyourfisttoyourchest.Pushyourshoulderforward—notethatthisisyourshoulder,notyourwholeupperbody.
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GUNFROMTHESIDE,INFRONTOFTHEARM(TOUCHING)GunDefensesThistechniqueistheonlyoneintheKravMagasystemwhereinyouredirect,control,anddisarmfirst,THENcounterattack.Thisisneverthedesiredorderofevents,butthereisnobettermovementfromthisposition.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance,withtheattackertoyourleft.
1.Astheattackerputstheguntoyourside(infrontofyourarm)withhisrighthand,slideyourlefthandupalongyourbodywithyourfingersdownandpalmfacingforward.
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2–3.Catchtheattacker’swrist(hereyourhandactsasabrace,preventingthewristfrombending)andpushforwardtoredirecttheweapon.Atthesametime,contractyourabsandmakeadiagonalsteptowardthegunman.
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4.Asyouadvance,slideyourrighthandinalongyourbody,avoidingthelineoffire,thenreachforwardandgrabthebarrel.Yourfingersshouldbedownandyourthumbshouldbeuptohelppreventthegunfrombeingturnedbacktowardyoubeforeyouhavecontrol.Asyougrabthegunman’swrist/handwithyourlefthandandthebarrelwithyourrighthand,yourkneesshouldbeslightlybenttomaintainbalance,andyoushouldbeontheballsofyourfeet.
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5.Pullagainstthewristwithyourinsidehandandturnyouroutsideshouldersharplyin,rotatingtheguninandslightlydown.Thisshouldbreaktheweaponfromthegunman’sgrasp.Takingthegunslightlydownpressesitoverthethumb,whichcausesadditionalpain.
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6–7.Usingyourrighthand,pullthegunawayfromthegunmanandtowardyourbody.Deliverapunchtothegunman’sfacewithyourlefthand,andfollowwitharightpunch,strikingwiththemuzzleofthegun.
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Retreatquicklytoasafedistance.
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GUNFROMTHEFRONT,PUSHINGINTOTHESTOMACH
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GunDefensesAlthoughthebasicthreathereisGunfromtheFront,thegunmancreatesdifficultyifhepressesthegunhardintothestomach,perhapstopushthedefenderbackward.Ifthegunispresseddeeply,itwillbedifficulttomaketheregularGunfromtheFronttechnique(page382).Inthiscase,applythedefenseforGunfromtheSide,inFrontoftheArm.Youwillneedtoaddapivotofyourhipstoallowthegunroomtomove.Thisexampleassumesyoushiftbackonyourrightside.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passiveorneutralstance,withthegunmanholdingtheguntoyourstomachandpushing
1.Asthegunmanpushesintoyourbody,pivotyourrighthipbackwhileyourlefthandslidesinandredirectsthegunbycatchingthegunman’swristexactlyasinGunfromtheSide,inFrontoftheArm(page392).Thegunman’spush,combinedwiththepivotofyourhip,maycauseyourrightfoottostepback.Thisisfine—justbesurethebodymotionprecedesthefootsteptoavoidtelegraphing.
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2.Slideyourrighthandalongyourbodyandthenforwardtocatchthemuzzleoftheweapon.Besureyourelbowsaretightagainstyourbodytocreateastrongframeandsupportforyourgrip.
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3.DisarmexactlyasdescribedinGunfromtheSide,inFrontoftheArm(page392)andthencontinuewithcounterattacks.
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GUNFROMBEHIND(TOUCHING)GunDefensesThetechniqueforGunfromBehindisexactlythesameasGunfromtheSide,BehindtheArm(page389),withacoupleofsmalldifferences.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralorpassivestance,withtheattackerbehindyou.
1.Astheattackerputsthegunagainstyourbackwithhisrighthand,lookbehindyou!Youaren’treallyconcernedaboutwhatistouchingyourbody.Youneedtomakesurethegunisn’tintheotherhand.
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2.Leadingwithyourleftarm,turndeeplyenoughtoredirecttheweaponandtakeyourbodyoutofthelineoffire.Thebodydefenseshouldcauseyoutoimmediatelyleanbacktowardtheattackerevenbeforeyourfeetmove.
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3–5.Continuingtoreachwithyourlefthand,burstinVERYDEEPsothatyourleftfootisoutsidethegunman’srightfoot.Wrapyourleftarmup,bringingyourfisttightlytoyourchesttosecuretheforearmholdingthegun.Withyourreararm,deliveranelbowstriketothegunman’sface.Asyoudeliverthestrike,youcanslideyourotherarmbacktosecurethewristratherthantheforearm.
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6.Followwithkickstothegroin.
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7.Withyourfreehand,reachover,pinkyup,andgrabthebarrel.
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8.Snapdownhardwithyourelbowtobreakhisgrip.
9.Liftthegunuptogetitoffthefingerinthetrigger.
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10.Strikewithanelboworthemuzzleandgetout,creatingdistance.
TIPSIfthegunisheldlow,yourarmwillmaketheredirectionalongwiththebodydefense.Ifthegunisheldhighonyourback,yourarmwillhavelittleornoeffect,andyou’llmostlymakeabodydefense.However,yourarmstillhelpsyourbodyrotate.
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CAVALIER#1Cavaliers
STARTINGPOSITION:Grabtheattacker’srightwristwithyourlefthand.Withyourrighthand,“cap”theattacker’srighthandbyplacingyourhandoverhis.Thiscanbedonewithanexplosivepunchingmovementwithyourhand.
1.Pullthewristtowardyouwithyourleftandpushdownwithyourright,puttingstrainontheattacker’swrist.Applypressureusingyourupperbodyandevenyourlegs,notjustyourarms.Thisholdshouldtakeplaceapproximatelyaforearm’slengthawayfromyourbody.
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2.Pivottoyourleftonyourrightfootwhiledrivingtheattacker’sarmdown,slamminghimtotheground.Asyoucompletethemove,bendyourknees,NOTyourback,tokeepcontroloftheattacker.
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3.Immediatelytwistsharplyback,layingyourshinagainsthisneckandyourkneealonghisarmtopreventhimfromrollingout.
TIPS
Thecavalierismadebypushingthefistdowntowardthewrist,notbytwistingit.
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CAVALIER#2
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Cavaliers
STARTINGPOSITION:Grabtheattacker’srightwristwithyourlefthand.Withyourright,“cap”theattacker’srighthandbyplacingyourhandoverhis.Thiscanbedonewithanexplosivepunchingmovementwithyourhand.
1.Pullthewristtowardyouwithyourleftandpushdownwithyourright,puttingstrainontheattacker’swrist.Applythepressureusingyourupperbodyandevenyourlegs,notjustyourarms.Thisholdshouldtakeplaceapproximatelyaforearm’slengthawayfromyourbodyformaximumforce.
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2–3.Burstforward,pushingthearmtotheoutsideoftheattacker’sshoulderandthendown.Bepreparedtomovefartherforwardwithyourfeetiftheattacker’sfallrequiresit.
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4.Immediatelytwistsharplyback,layingyourshinagainsthisneckandyourkneealonghisarmtopreventhimfromrollingout.
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CAVALIER#3
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CavaliersThiscavalieroftencausestheattacker’shandtoopen,andiseffectiveifyouwishtomakehimletgoofanobject.
Thiscavaliercanbethesameaseither#1or#2,exceptthatinsteadofplacingonehandonthewristandoneonthehand,bothhandsareonthewristandboththumbspushthebackofthehanddowntomakethetechnique.
STARTINGPOSITION:Catchtheattacker’shandandwristinyourtwohands.Placeboththumbsonthebackofhishand;besureyourfingersaroundhiswristdonotbracethewristandpreventitfrombending.
1.Pullwithyourfingersandpushwithyourthumbssotheattacker’shandgoesdowntowardhiswrist.Thiswillcausehishandtoopen.
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Fromhere,youcantakehimdownasin#1and#2.
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CAVALIER#4
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CavaliersCavalier#4ismadewhentheattacker’swrististoostrong,orwhenthedefenderwantsthecavaliertoknockanobjectoutoftheattacker’shand.
STARTINGPOSITION:Grabtheattacker’srightwristwithyourlefthand.
1.Withyourrightarm,deliveranelbowstriketotheattacker’swrist.
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Assoonasyoufeelthatyou’vebrokenthewrist,pressdownwithyourforearmuntilyoutaketheattackerdown.
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STRADDLED,WITHWRISTSPINNED(SLIDEHANDSONGROUND)Groundfighting
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,withtheattackerstraddlingyouandpinningyourwriststothefloorwithhisweight.
1.Buckyourhipsuptowardyourheadandovertooneside.Atthesametime,slideyourhandsdowninanarctowardyourownhips,similartothewayachildmakes“snowangels.”Besureyourhandsslideontheground.Theyshouldnotliftup.
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2–3.Astheattackertopplesoff,rolloverandcounterattack.
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VARIATION:Beforeyoubuck,foraddedleverage,youcantraponeofthedefender’slegswithyourleg.
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STRADDLED,WITHWRISTSPINNED(WRISTLOCK)GroundfightingWithyourwristspinnedclosetogetherorcrossedoveryourhead,the“snowangel”techniquedoesnotworkbecauseyouhavenoleveragetomoveyourarms.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,withtheattackerstraddlingyouandpinningyourwriststogethertothefloor,aboveyourhead,withhisweight.
1.Moveonehandsothatyoucantraptheattacker’swrist;itdoesnotmatterwhichofhishandsyoutrap.Iftheattackerissostrongthatyoucannotmoveonehand,youcan“fake”withthathand—whenhepushesdownonthatside,moveyourotherhand.
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2–3.Onceyoutraphishand,buckyourhipsandexecuteatrap-and-rollmovementtothatside.
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Youcansometimesuseyourforearm/elbowagainsthisarmforadditionalleverageasyoubuckyourhips.
TIPSEvenifyoucannotmoveyourhands,youcanstillexecutethetrapandroll.Remember,bypinningyourhandscloseoveryourhead,hehasalsotrappedhisownhandinapositionthatmakesitdifficultforhimtobaseout.Thetrapandrollwillwork!However,hemayreleasehisgripandbaseout,whichmeansyourwristsarefreeandyoucanworkonastandardtrap-and-roll.
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CHOKEWHILEATTACKERISINGUARD
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GroundfightingSomeattackers,whenpunchingfromtheguard,willovercommittheirweighttothepunch.Whilethisisaneffectivetechnique,itencouragesthedefendertograppleratherthangetup.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,theattackerinyourguard.
1–2.Astheattackermakesarightpunch,redirectitsothatitpassesbyyourheadtoyouropposite(right)shoulder.Usehismomentum,plusthestrengthofyourlegspullingin,tobringhiminclose.
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3.Wrapyouroutsidehandaroundhisneckandgrabthebicepsofyourredirectingarm.Bendtheredirectingarmbackandgrabyourownhead.
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4.Squeeze.
VARIATION:Youcanalsouseyourheadforadditionalpressurebypushingin.
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TRIANGLECHOKE
GroundfightingThismovementisavariationoftheArmBar(page314)discussedinGreenBelt.Itismadewhenyouhavetheopponentinyourguard.Itisespeciallyeffectiveiftheattackertriestoescapetheguardbyslidingonearmbetweenhisbodyandyourleg.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,theattackerinyourguard.
1–2.Whentheopponenttriestoescapetheguardbyslippinghisleftarmunderyourrightleg,grabholdofhisotherarmabovetheelbow.Atthesametime,shiftyourhipssoyourbodypivotstowardyourright.Yourgoalistobeperpendiculartoyouropponent.Bringyourrightlegacrossthebackofhisneck.Keepatightholdontheleftarm.
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3.Bringtheleftlegupandcrossitoverthetopoftherightfoot.Therightfoot
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mustreachthecrookofthetopleg.Squeeze.
Iftheattackerresists,oryourholdisn’tstrongenough,reachupwithafreehandandgrabthebackofhishead,bendingitinward.
VARIATION:Iftheholddoesnotseemtobeworking,youcanalwayspunchtohisface.
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GUARD—BOTTOMPOSITION:GUILLOTINE
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GroundfightingYoucanmakethisattackonitsown,butitalsoworkswellifyoutrythe“SitUpandSweep”technique(page317)andthentransitiontothisattackifthatonefails.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,attackerinyourclosedguard.
1.Whentheattackersitsbackinyourguard,situpanduncrossyourankles;putyourlefthandonthegroundandreachyourrighthandupandacrossasthoughtryingtoreachpasthisrightshoulder.
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2.Wrapyourrightarmaroundthebackofhisneckandthenunderhischin.
3.Grabyourrighthandwithyourleft(youmayneedtoscootyourhipsbackalittletodothis).
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4.Wrapyourlegsaroundhiswaistagain,crossingyourankles,andlieback.
5.Pullwithyourarms,sealingthechoke,andpushawaywithyourlegstostretchhimout.
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GUARD—BOTTOMPOSITION:DEFENSEAGAINSTGUILLOTINE
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GroundfightingIfyoufindyourselfinsomeoneelse’sguard,theymayattemptaguillotineagainstyou.Herearetwobasicdefensesagainstaguillotine.First,avoidtheguard.Ifyoufeeltheattackerattempttheguillotine,hopoutofhisguard,movingtothesamesideastheattackingarm.Ifyoucannotescapetheguard,makethefollowingdefense:STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerholdsyouinhisguardwhilehesnakeshisrightarmaroundyourneck.
1.Theminuteyoufeeltheattackerwraphisarmaroundyourneck,tuckyourchin.Withyourlefthand,pluckathishandstorelievesomepressure.Atthesametime,wrapyourrightarmaroundhisneck.Thismakesitdifficultforhimtostretchyououtwithhislegs.
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2.Liftyourhipsupandspreadyourfeetwideto“stackup”;thinkaboutcreatingatripodwithyourtwofeet,usingyourrightarmandshoulderasthethirdfootofthetripod.
3.Usingyourbodyweight,driveyourshoulderintotheattacker’sneckandthroat.Itwillbeverydifficultforhimtomaintaintheguillotine.
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4–7.Whenhereleaseshisarms,eithersitbackonyourknees(stillinhisguard)orhopoutofhisguardtosidemountifpossible(shown).
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HEADLOCKFROMBEHINDONTHEGROUND
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GroundfightingWhileKravMagadoesnotemphasizemanygrapplingorsubmissionmoves,therearheadlock(alsocalleda“carotidchoke”or“rearnakedchoke”)isgoodtoknow.Youmayneedtouseit,anditisalwaysgoodtoattackproperlywhenyourpartnerislearningtodefend.Thebasicpointshereapplywhetheryouareontoporbottomfrombehind.
STARTINGPOSITION:Onyourback,withtheattackerontopofyoubutwithhisbacktoyou.
1.Wrapyourlegsaroundhisbodyanddigyourheelsintohisthighsjustbelowthegroin.Thisisknownasgettingyour“hooks”in;thepositionmakesitdifficultfortheattackertoperformanescape.Wrapyourrightarmaroundhisnecksothathisthroatisinthecrookofyourelbow.
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2.Grabyourleftbicepwithyourrighthand.
3.Putyourlefthandontheleftsideofyourhead.Squeezeyourelbowstogetherandpuffoutyourchest.Theideaistosimultaneouslysqueezeyourforearmononesideofhisneckandyourbicepontheothersideofhisneck,applyingpressuretothecarotidarteriesinhisneckandtemporarilycuttingoffthebloodsupplytohisbrain.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHEADLOCKFROMBEHIND
GroundfightingThispositionreferstoaholdinwhichtheattackerisonhisbackplacingabararmorcarotidholdonthedefender.Theattackerwillalsogenerallyhavehisheelshookedintothedefender’slegs.Notehowprinciplesandmovementsfromthestandingheadlockapplyonthegroundaswell.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerisonhisback,withdefenderfaceupinattacker’sguard.
1.Astheattackerbeginstheheadlock,turnyourchinawayfromtheattackingsidetorelievethepressureofthechoke.Sendbothhandsupandbackwardtopluckattheattacker’sjoinedhands.
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2.Withyourfeet,driveyourshouldersupandbacktowardtheattacker’sshoulderontheholdingside(i.e.,ifhisrightarmisaroundyourthroat,driveuptowardhisrightshoulder).Continuedrivinguntilyourheadand/orshoulderstouchtheflooronthatside.Shiftyourhipstotheside.Yourgoalistogetyourhipsandrearflattothefloor—evenifthismeanslyingontopofhisleg.Atthispoint,theheadlockisgone.
3–4.Turnsharplyinward;youwillmostlikelyendupontopintheattacker’s
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guardorsidemount.Followupwithcounterattacks.
TIPSBecauseofthegroundposition,reachingyourhandsupandbackwillprobablyhavelesseffectontheattackerthanthestandingversion.Yourgoalisrelievesomepressure.
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TAKEDOWN#1:SIMPLETAKEDOWNTakedownsThisisasimpletakedownthatreliesverylittleontechnique.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingtheattacker.
1.Getinclose,droplow,andwrapyourarmsaroundyouropponent’slegs,withyourheadand/orshoulderinhisstomach.Yourarmsmaybeclasped,oryoucanhookonehandaroundeachofhislegs.
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2–3.Pullhislegsintowardyouandleftslightly;atthesametime,useyourlegstodriveyourweightintohisstomach.
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4.Ifyouwishtocontinuetheattackontheground,immediatelymoveupwardontohisbodyandcontinuetoattack;youmayalsotrytodisengageandstandupwhileheisstillontheground.
TIPS
Thissimpletakedownismoreeasilydefendedbytheopponent.Hecansprawlorsimplypushdownonyourheadtostopyourforwardprogress.However,it’sagood,generallyeffectivetakedownagainstanon-expertopponent.
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agood,generallyeffectivetakedownagainstanon-expertopponent.
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TAKEDOWN#2:DOUBLE-LEGTAKEDOWNTakedownsThistakedownisstillsimplebutrequiresalittlemoretechnique.Inthisexample,wearemovingslightlytotheattacker’srightside.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingtheattacker.
1.Droplowandshootinquickly,wrappingyourarmsaroundyouropponent’slegs;youmustgetyourhipsinclosewithyourfeetunderneathyou.Keepyourhandsupasyouapproachtoguardagainstakneetotheface.Yourheadmaybetotheoutsideofhisrighthip(seenotebelow).
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2.Withyourhipsunderneathyou,useyourlegstolifttheattackerslightlyofftheground(hedoesn’thavetogohigh;justgethisfeetoffthefloor).Useyourarmstosweephislegstoyourleft;atthesametime,useyourheadtopushorsteerhisupperbodytoyourright.
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3.Astheattackergoestothefloor,youshouldfindyourselfinasidemountposition.
TIPSItisveryimportanttogetyourhipsclosetotheattackerandunderyourshoulderswithyourchestup.Thismakesitdifficultfortheattackertodefendbypushingyourheaddownorcounterattackwithaguillotinechoke.
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TAKEDOWN#3:TOE-PICK
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TakedownsThistakedownonlyrequiresyoutocatchoneleg,andcanworkevenifyoufailtogetyourhipsclosetotheattacker.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance,facingtheattacker.
1.Droplowandshootinquickly,wrappingyourarmsaroundoneoftheattacker’slegs.Weassumethatyoudroppedverylow,perhapsasiftheattackerpushedyoudown,andthatyoucatchhisfootratherthanhisleg.
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2–3.Pullhisfoottowardyouandslightlyupwardwhiledrivingyourshoulderintohisshinjustbelowhisknee.Useyourlegstohelpdriveyourshoulder.BECAREFULintraining,becausethistakedowncandamagetheattacker’skneeifdoneaggressively.
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4.Ifyouwishtocontinueattackingontheground,moveuptosidemount.Otherwise,stepbackandstandup.
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BrownBelt
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BROWNBELT
BrownBeltisthefinallevelbeforetheBlackBelttest.AtourKravMagaWorldwidecertifiedschools,youwillsometimesseethislistedas“Level5,”whichdenotesclassesdesignedforBrownBelts,BlackBelts,andabove.Atthislevelyouwillcontinuetolearntodefendagainstguns,knives,andsticks.Theanglesofattackbecomehardertodealwith,andthestresslevelincreases,butbecausethisisKravMaga,theprinciplesremainthesame.Inadditiontohandguns,inthefirearmssectionwelearntodealwithlonggunssuchasshotgunsandassaultrifles.Expecttotrainatleast12monthsatthislevel,assumingaminimumoftwotrainingsessionsperweek.BytheendofBrownBelttraining,youshouldfeelthatyoucanstandinthemiddleofaroom,eyesclosed,andbeabletodefendagainstanysortofattack:abearhug,achoke,evenanattackwithaweapon.
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CombativesThecombativetechniquesdescribedintheBrownBeltcurriculumincludemore-advancedtechniques,especiallykicksthatmovebeyondthefundamentalsKravMagaemphasizes.Amongthemareanumberofkickcombinationsthatinclude“switchkicks.”Thinkofswitchkicksinthisway:thesecondkickisalreadyenrouteasthefirstkickisrecoiling.Itistheswitchthatmakesthekicksatruecombination,ratherthanjustonekickfollowedbyanother.
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ThrowsBrownBeltintroducesthrowsandholdsnotemphasizedinearlierbeltlevels.Ingeneral,KravMagapreferstostrikeratherthanthrow,sinceinself-defensethedefenderisnotresponsiblefortakingtheattackerintocustody,nornecessarilyineliminatingtheattacker—onlyineliminatingthethreat.Giventhisgoal,astrikeisofteneasierandmoreavailablethanathrow.However,therearesituationsinwhich,duetobalanceorposition,athrowmaybetheeasiestwaytoreduceoreliminatethethreat.Youshouldunderstandthatthemaingoalistoslamtheattackerstraightdowntotheground,nottothrowthemfaraway.
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DefensesBrownBeltincludeshanddefensesagainstknifeattacks,aswellasadvanceddefensesagainsthigh-riskhandgunthreatsandlonggunthreats.
Edged-WeaponDefensesAlthoughweteachakickdefenseagainstknifeattacksinBlueBelt,weassumethatmostoftentheattackerwillsurpriseus,makinghanddefensesnecessary.Oneprerequisiteforunderstandingknifedefensesisabasicunderstandingofcommonswaystoholdtheknife.Thethreebasicholdsareregular(overhead)stab,underhandstab,andstraightstab(page344).
Verytightslashescanlookalotlikestraightstabs.Advancedtrainingshouldincluderecognitionoftheangleoftheknifehold.Forexample,ifthearmiscomingverystraighttowardthedefenderbutthebladeisangledoutward,itismostlikelyaslash.Thisattackcannotbetreatedlikeastraightstabbecausetheknife,angledout,preventsthedefenderfromgettingtothearm.Bythesametoken,iftheattackerkeepsthepointofthebladeverymuchforward,evenifheintendstoslash,thedefendercantreatitasastraightstab.Whiledisarmsshouldbetaught,real-lifeattacksandrealistictrainingprovethattheyarenotalwayspossible.Youshouldtraintodisengageatvariouspoints,suchas:
1. Defendandcounter,thendisengageandlookforcommonobjectsorotherweapons;
2. Defend,counter,anddeliverknees,thendisengageandlookforcommonobjectsorotherweapons;
3. Defend,counter,deliverknees,gettwohandsontheweapon,thendelivermoreattacks.
Agoodunderstandingofstateofreadinessisvitaltorealisticknife-defensetraining.Oncethetechniqueisintroducedandthebasicshavebeenmastered,youshouldlearntomakethedefensefromvaryingstatesofreadiness:
Veryearly:thedefenderisabletosendthehandsbutalsoburstforwardwiththefeetanddefendtheknifewhileitisback.
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Moderatelyearly:thedefenderisabletosendthehandsandgethisweightverymuchforward,butthereisminimalfootmovementatthebeginning.
Moderatelylate:thedefenderisabletosendthehandsforwardandgetsomeweightintothedefenseandcounter,butwithnofootstepsatall.
Verylate:thedefendersucceedsinmakingthe360ºDefenseandcounterattacking,butwithoutmuchforwardshiftofweight.Inthiscase,thedefendergetsasmuchweightintothedefenseandcounteraspossible.
ThislastdetailunderscoresanimportantelementofKravMagatraining.Allmovementsshouldcausethedefender’sweighttomoveforwardsothat,eveninverylatestages,youareinthehabitofputtingasmuchweightaspossibleintothedefenseandcounterattack.Fromallstatesofreadiness,thedefendermustmoveforwardaggressively,regardlessofhisability(orinability)tomovehisfeet.
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LEFTJAB/OVERHANDRIGHTCOMBINATIONCombativesThefocusofthiscombinationistheoverhandrightpunch.Anoverhandpunchbelongsinthesamefamilyasahookoranuppercut.Allthesepunchesarethesame,justmadeondifferentplanes.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Delivertheleftjabwithanadvance.
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2.Sendyourrighthandinamotionsimilartoahookpunch,but“turnedover”sothatyourelbowispointeduptothesky.Yourrightfistshouldalsobeturnedoversothatthepinkysideisupandthethumbside,or“mouth”ofthehand,isdown.Makecontactwiththefirsttwoknuckles.
TIPS
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Keepabendinyourelbowtogetaround(orover)adefense.However,theamountofbendinyourelbowwilldependonyourdistancefromthetarget.
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FRONTKICK/ROUNDKICKWITHASWITCH
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Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Deliverafrontkicktoaverticaltargetwithyourleftfoot.
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2–3.Asthefrontkickmakescontact,leapoffyourrightfoot.Whileintheair,tuckyourleftfootunderneathyouanddeliveraroundkickwithyourrightfoot.Thekickshouldallowyourhiptorollover.
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Bringbothfeetdownintoeitheraregularoroppositefightingstance,dependingonyourabilitytorecoilofftheroundkick.
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TWOFRONTKICKSWITHASWITCHCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Deliverafrontkicktoaverticaltargetwithyourleftfoot.
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2–3.Asthefirstfrontkicklands,jumpupwithyourrightleganddeliverasecondfrontkick.Thefirstkickshouldberecoilingasthesecondkicklands.
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Bringbothfeetdownintoeitheraregularoroppositefightingstance.
TIPSItissometimespreferabletobeginthiscombinationwithyourrightfootforward.
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OUTSIDESLAPKICKANDFRONTKICKWITHASWITCHCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1.Makeanoutsideslapkickwitheitherleg.
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2–3.Asthefirstkickbeginstocomedown,deliverafrontkicklowtothegroin.
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Inthiscombination,you’llmostlikelyendinanoppositefightingstance.
TIPSToholdforthiscombination,theholdershouldhavetwofocusmitts(oneheldhighfortheslapkick,theotherheldlowforthefrontkick).Forsafetyreasons,thekickershouldnotmakeastrongfrontkick.Iffocusmittsarenotavailable,useonesmallkickingshieldforthefrontkickand,inthiscase,thekickermayhavetomaketheslapkicktotheair.
Theoutsideslapkickisusuallymaderelativelyhigh.
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TWOSTRAIGHTKNEESWITHASWITCHCombatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Closetoyouropponent(whileinaclinchorafteraself-defensetechnique).
1.Grabandgiveakneestrike.
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2.Immediatelydeliverthesecondkneejustasthefirstkneeisrecoiling.
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TWOBACKKICKSWITHASWITCH
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Combatives
STARTINGPOSITION:Right-leg-forwardfightingstancefacingawayfromthetarget.
1.Deliveronebackkickasusual.
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2–3.Asthefirstkicklands,immediatelymakeaswitchanddeliverthesecondbackkick.Yourheadshouldturnfromonesidetotheothertoallowforvisionandbalanceinthesecondkick.
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MACHINEGUNTAKEDOWNThrowsThistakedownisso-namedbecauseitisusefulagainstathreatwithasubmachinegunwhenthedefendermustmovetothedeadside.However,itisequallyusefulagainsthandgunthreatsfromthefrontorbackwhenthedefenderisforcedtothedeadsideandcannotcontroltheweapon.
Youmustbeawarethatthistechniquedoesnoteffectivelycontroltheweapon.Itisthereforehighriskandshouldonlybedonewhennootheroptionsareavailable.
STARTINGPOSITION:Facingthegunman;youareforcedtomovetohisleftside.
1.RedirecttheweaponasinLongGunfromtheFront—DeadSide(page495).
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2.Burstinsothatyouarebesideorslightlybehindthegunman.Yourhipsmustbeclosetohim.
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3.Yourlefthandshouldslideupandundertheweapon,trappingittohisbody.Yourrighthandreachesbetweenhislegsasfaraspossible(imaginetryingtoreachupandgrabhisbeltbuckle).
4.Useyourlegs(notyourback)tolifthimoffhisfeet.Asyoulift,pullwithyourrightarmsothathisfeettiltupandhisheadtiltsdown.
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5.Drivehimintotheground.
6.Landonhim,deliveringelbowstrikes.Iftheweaponisoutfromunderhisbody,besuretocontrolit.
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Additionalbeginningscenariosthatcanutilizethistakedowndefensewhenthereisnootheroption:GunfromBehind,inRearHand,ForwardHandonRightShoulder
GunfromtheFront,inRearHand,ForwardHandPushing/holdingCenterorLeftSide
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ONE-ARMSHOULDERTHROW
Throws
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerhasmadeawideoutsideattacksimilartoahaymaker;youhavedefendedandcounterattacked.
1.Grabtheinsideoftheattacker’swristwithyourlefthandwhilesteppingin.Asyoustepin,reachyourrightarmundertheattacker’sarmpit.Yourgoalistogetthecrookofyourelbowinhisarmpit,withyourrightforearmreachingup.Youshouldalsonowhaveyourbacktotheattackerwithyourhipssquarewithhishipsandyourownfeetrelativelyclosetogether.DoNOTpullhisrightarmorarmpituptoyourshoulder/neckarea.
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2.Dropyourhipssothattheyareslightlybelowhisandpunchyourhipsbackwhilepullingonhisarm/shoulder.Thisshouldgettheattackeruponyourback/hips.Whenpunchingyourhipsback,thinkof“low-bridging”theattacker.
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3–4.Continuetopullforwardwhiledroppingyourrightshouldertoyourleftknee.Thiswilltaketheattackeroverthetopanddrophimdowntotheground.
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VARIATION:Insteadofreachingthecrookofyourelbowundertheattacker’sarmpit,youcanuseyourrighthandtograbhisshoulderorupperarm.
Duringthethrow,youcanalsotrydroppinglowandinwhilepullingtheattackerdown.Thiscauseshimtorolloverthetopofyou.Itcreateslessimpactwhenhehitstheground,butispossiblewhenyoucannotgethimuponyourhips.
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HIPTHROW
ThrowsThehiprollisavariantoftheone-armshoulderthrow.Insteadoftrappingtheattacker’sarm/shoulder,yougrabhimaroundthewaistorneck.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerhashisrightarmextendedtowardsyou,perhapsaftermakingawidehookthatyouhaveblocked.
1.Grabtheinsideoftheattacker’swristwithyourlefthandwhilesteppingin.Withyourrightarm,reacharoundtheattacker’slefthip.Ideallyyou’dgrabatthebeltorpants,butifnothingisavailable,grabskinorjustwrapyourhand/armtightlyaroundhim.Youshouldalsonowhaveyourbacktotheattackerwithyourhipssquarewithhishipsandyourownfeetrelativelyclosetogether.Dropyourhipsbelowhisandpunchthemback,“lifting”himupontoyourhips.
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2–3.Usingyourarmsforextraforce,driveyourrightshouldertoyourlefthip,rollinghimoverthetopofyouanddownintotheground.
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VARIATION:Youcanalsowrapyourrightarmaroundtheattacker’sneck,ratherthanhiswaist,andgrabathisshoulder.
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FACE-TO-FACEFLIP(“SACRIFICE”THROW)ThrowsThisthrowisusuallydonesuccessfullyinaclinchwhentheattacker’sweightisovercommittedforward.Theattackerneedstoknowfallbreaks,andyoushouldhavegoodmatsonwhichtotrain.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstance.
1–2.Astheattackercomesin,grabhisshirtcollartightlywithbothhands.Dropyourweightdownlikeyou’resittingstraightdowntowardthefloor.DoNOTfallbackward;youwanttostayneartheattacker.Asyoudoso,bringyourbackfootup(withyourkneebenttightlysoitcanfitbetweenyourbodyandyourattacker’s)andplaceitagainsttheattacker’ship/beltbuckle.Ithelpstocenteryourfootontheattacker’sbodytoavoidslippingoffthehip,andtoangleyourfootwiththeheelinandtoespointedout.
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3–4.Roundyourbackasyouhitthefloor.Continuingtoholdonwithyourhandssothattheattackerlandsclosetoyou,useyourlegtokick/pushtheattackeroveryourheadsothatheflipsandlandsonhisback.
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5–6.Rollbackwardtoendupinafullmount.It’salsopossibletorollintoasidemount(seepicture7).
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VARIATION:Thiscanalsobedoneinaclinch,withtheattackerleaninghisweightonyou.Itisalsopossible,althoughmoredifficult,tomakethetechniquewhiledoingaMuayThai–styleholdaroundtheattacker’sneck.Besureyouturnyourheadtoonesidetoavoidanaccidentalheadbutt.
Onceyoufliptheattackerover,continueoverinasomersaulttolandeitherinafullmountorsidemount.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHEADLOCKFROMBEHINDSelf-DefenseThisdefenseismadewhentheattackerjumpsonthedefenderfrombehindandattemptstoapplyaheadlock.
STARTINGPOSITION:Theattackerjumpsonyoufrombehindandattemptstoapplyaheadlockwithhisrightarm.
1.Tuckyourchinandturnittoavoidthechoke(inthisexample,thedefenderturnshischintotheleft).Immediatelydropyourrightshouldertoyourleftknee,rollinghimoverthetopofyouandstraightdown.
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2.Continuewithcounters(punches,stomps,kicks,etc.).
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHEADLOCKFROMTHESIDE:BEINGSPUNINWARDSelf-DefenseThisdefenseisappliedtoaheadlockfromthesidewhentheattackertriestopull/spinthedefenderinandtotheground.ThistechniquecanalsoworkagainstthestaticYellowBeltheadlock(page108)whentheattackerleanshisweightfarforward.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerappliesaheadlockfromtheside.
1.Gowiththemovement,tuckingyourchinin,swingingyouroutsidehandtothegroin,andbringingyourinsidearmup.
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2.Asyoufeelyourselfbeingpulledfartherin,swingyourarmunderhisgroinuptoyourshoulder(thegoalissimplytomakesureyouareasclosetohimaspossible).Atthesametime,continuetakingyourbodyclosetohim,withyourinsidelegveryclosetohisbody.Thinkofbringingyourkneetothegroundrightbetweenhisfeet.Youroutsidearmshouldhavebeencomingupandwilllikelyhavegrabbedtheattacker’swaistorshoulder.
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3.Continuespinningin,usingmomentumaswellaspullingwiththehandgrabbingthewaistorshoulder,untilyou’vepulledtheattackeroveryourbodyandtotheground.
4.Rolltoyourkneesbesidehim,usingyourfreearm(theonethatreachedbetweenhislegs)tobaseoutsohecannotrollyou.ThispositionisverysimilartoHeadlockfromtheSideDefense—Attacker’sWeightBack(page328)inGreenBelt.
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5.Deliverkneestrikes,hammerfists,headbutts,etc.,tocounterattack.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTHEADLOCKFROMTHESIDE:NECKBREAKSelf-DefenseThisdefenseismadeagainstheadlockattackswhentheattackergetsaforearmunderthedefender’schinandtriestothrowhis(theattacker’s)weightback,breakingthedefender’sneck.Inmostcases,tuckingyourchininanddowndefendsagainstthisattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerplaceshisforearmunderyourchininordertomakeaheadlockfromtheside.Youmayhavealreadyinitiatedaheadlockdefense,bringingyouroutsidehandupasthoughtograbhisface.
1.Asyoufeeltheattackersitback,liftingyourchinandcreatingpressureonyourneck,immediatelykickyourinsidefootforward,betweenhislegsandintotheair.
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2.Dropyourhipsstraightdowntothegroundandinhardwhilepullingwithyourleftarmathisshoulder(orathisface,ifyoureachedthathighupintime).Besuretokeepyourforearmpressedagainsthisbackinordertopreventyourelbowfromsmashingintotheground.
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3.Continuewithcounterattackssuchaspunches,headbutts,andelbows.
TIPSIfthereisanyimpactonyourarmduringthetakedown,itshouldoccuralongthelengthofyourforearm,notyourelbow.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTFULLNELSON:LEVERAGEONTHEFINGERSSelf-DefenseAfullnelsonisaholdinwhichtheattacker,standingbehindthedefender,slidesbotharmsunderthedefender’sarmpits,thenupbehindthedefender’sneck,claspinghishandstogether.Theattackimmobilizesthedefender’sarmsandcanputintensepressureonthedefender’sneck.Ofthethreedefensesagainstfullnelson,thisistheeasiestandistheonethatshouldbetriedfirst.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerappliesfullnelson.
1–2.Immediatelysendbothhandsbackward,stabbingattheattacker’seyesandface,thenimmediatelystrike,scratch,andclawattheattacker’shandsatthebackofyourneck,pryingatoneofthefingers.Anyfingerwillwork,althoughtheflexibilityofthethumbsmakesthemlessdesirable.Trytograbthefingersothattheindex-fingersideofyourfistisnearthebaseofthefingeryougrab.
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3.Stripthatfingerawaytotakethehandfromyourneck.
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4.Asthehandpullsaway,bringyourfistdownandrollitinandup,bendingthefinger.
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5.Foraddedpressure,tuckyourelbowintighttoyourbody,andlift.
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6.Stepouttothesamesideasthehandyougrabbedanddelivercounterattackswithyourfreehand.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTFULLNELSON:FORWARDTHROWSelf-DefenseThisdefenseisusuallyappliedwhenthefingersarenotavailable,andshouldbeperformedifyoufeelyoucanshootyourhipsbackagainsttheattacker.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerappliesfullnelson.
1.Bringyourelbowsdowntotrytoloosentheattacker’sgrip.
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2.Dropyourhipsbelowtheattacker’shipsandpunchthemback,bringingtheattackeruponyourback.
3.Droponeshouldertotheoppositekneeandfliptheattackeroveryou.
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4.Asheflipsover,continueyourspinsothatyouenduplandingontopofhim.Delivercounterattacks(elbowstotheface,strikestothegroin).
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DEFENSEAGAINSTFULLNELSON:SWEEPSelf-DefenseThisdefenseisusuallyappliedwhenthefingersarenotavailable,andshouldbeperformedifyoufeelthatyoucantakeastepwithyourfoot.
STARTINGPOSITION:Attackerappliesfullnelson.
1.Clampyourelbowsdown—thismightloosentheattacker’sgripandalsoguaranteesthathewillnowstayclose.
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2–3.Shiftyourhipstoonesideandstepbackwithyourinsideleg(i.e.,ifyoushiftyourhipstotheleft,stepbackwithyourrightfoot),makingsureyourkneeandfootarepointedinthesamebasicdirectionastheattacker’s.
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4.Sweeporpunchyourbacklegforward.(Iftheattackerallowsyoutostanduptall,youcansweep;moreoftenyouwillbecrouchedalittle,inwhichcaseyoushouldpunchyourkneeforward).Yourgoalistopophislegforward,removinghisbase.Atthesametime,driveyourupperbodybackwardanddown.
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5–6.Landheavilyontheattackerwhiledeliveringanelbowtothehead.Continuewithmorecounterattacks.
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTDOWNWARDSTAB(ICEPICKSTAB)KnifeDefensesThisisthemostcommontypeofknifeattack,usuallytargetingthechest,clavicle,neck,andface.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance.
1.Astheattackerburstsforward,usethe360°Defensetoattacktheknifehandandstriketheattacker.Thedefenseshouldbemadewristtowrist.Thinkofattackingtheattackwithyourdefense.Also,thinkofpunchingwithfullpower!
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2.Continuetoburstforward,drivingtheattacker’sarmbackanddownwhilerotatingyourwristintocatchhiswristinyourhand.Besuretokeepyourweightbackanddownonhisarm.Thiswillmakeitdifficultforhimtorecoilandstabagain.
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3.Withyourinsidearmbracedagainsthisbody(elbowdown,forearmagainstneck),deliverkneesexplosively.
4–5.Onlyattemptadisarmifyouhavesufficientlysoftenedtheattackerandhavegoodcontrol.Todisarm,bringhisknifehandinwardandcapitwithyourrighthand.
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6–7.Makeacavalierandstriptheknife.
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TIPSIfyouencounterresistancewhileattemptingthedisarm,deliverkickstothegroin,headbutts,etc.
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTUPWARDSTAB
KnifeDefensesAnothercommonattackistheupwardstab,eitherverticaloratadiagonalangle.Notethatthetechniquedescribedfirstassumesthatthestabismadeupward,butataslightinwardangle,fromoutsidetheattacker’sbodyupandin.Thisisthemostcommonandnaturalformoftheattack.
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestance.
1.Attackerstabsupward,ataslightinwardangle,fromoutsidetheattacker’sbodyupandin.Astheattackerburstsforward,usethe360°Defense(#6or#7)toattacktheknifehandandstriketheattacker.Thedefensemustbemadewristtowrist(ifnot,thestabwillcomeupandunderneaththedefense).Thinkofattackingtheattackwithyourdefense.Also,thinkofpunchingwithfullpower!
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2.Immediatelypushhisarmoutwardandbackwardwithyourforearm,thenreachyourarmoutinamotionverysimilartoGunfromBehind(page<?>).Bringyourarminsharplytotraptheknifehandatyourchest/shoulderexactlylikeGunfromBehind.
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3.Deliverkneesorgroinkicksexplosively,keepingyourweightforwardandontheattacker.
4.Keepingthearmtrapped,reachyourrighthandoverand“cover”theknifehand(yourhandandfingersshouldpointthesamedirectionastheattacker’s).
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5.Rotatehiswristsharplysothatthepinkysideofhishandistowardtheceiling.
6–7.Turnyourleftshouldertowardtheattacker,puttingpressureonhiswristandarm.Quicklyreleaseyourtrappinghand(left)andslideitdowntograbhis
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wrist.Asyoudo,stepoutalittlebit,butkeepweightonhisarmandwrist.
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8.Makeacavalierandstriptheknifefromhishand.
Ifyoumeetresistance,kicktothefaceorgroin.
VERTICALUPWARDSTABVARIATION:Insomecases,theattackerstabsinaverticalmotionupthemiddleoftheattacker’sbody.Inthiscase,theinitialdefenseisexactlythesame.However,thecontrolisdifferentbecausethenatureoftheattackdoesnotallowthedefendertopushtheattackingarmoutward.
Oncethedefenseismade,ifthedefenderfindshimselfmoreonthedeadside,thedefendershouldmakethecontrolanddisarmusedinDefenseagainstStraightStab(page478).
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTSTRAIGHTSTAB
KnifeDefensesStraightstabsarelesscommonthanupwardordownwardstabs.However,theycanbedoneandmustbedefended.Thereisaholdspecifictostraightstabwhereinthepommel(buttend)oftheknifeispressedintothepalmoftheattacker’shand.However,thisholdislesssecureandnotalwaysusedbyattackers.Mostoften,theywillholdtheknifeinaregulargrip(bladeupward).Inthiscase,theonlyindicationtheattackermaygiveyouofhisintentiontomakeastraightstabistostandwiththeknife-sidelegforward.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstanceasattackermakesright-handedstab.
1.Redirecttheattackusingyourlefthand,rotatingyourhandsharply(“chop”)againstthebackoftheattacker’shandtoincreasethemovementawayfromyourbody.
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2.Burstforwardataslightangle,slidingyourarmforwardandreachingdowntocatchtheattacker’sarm.Besureyourelbowstaysdowntopreventtheattackerfromslashing,andbesureyoukeepweightforwardonthearmtomaketheattackerfeeljammed.Atthesametime,deliverastrongrightpunch.
3–6.Asyourecoilyourpunch,bringyourrighthanddownandcovertheattacker’shand.Continuetoputweightforwardtowardtheattacker.Makeacavalierandstriptheknife,kickingtothegroinifnecessary.
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Ifyoufeelresistance,youcanmakeanothercavalierwithatakedown.
TIPSSinceweareusuallyalittlelateindefending,ageneralguidelineis:“Ifyouaimfortheknifeyou’llgetthehand.”Becausethisdefenseisslightlymoredifficult,
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fortheknifeyou’llgetthehand.”Becausethisdefenseisslightlymoredifficult,werecommendthatyoubegintrainingfromafightingstance.Onceyouhavemasteredthetechnique,trainfromapassivestanceaswell.
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTSTRAIGHTSTAB(LIVESIDE)KnifeDefensesItmaybenecessarytodefendastraightstabtotheliveside,mostcommonlybecausetheattackerisleft-handed.Sincewetrainsooftenagainstright-handedattacks,itisunrealistictoaskdefenderstorecognizetheleft-handedattackandmakethedefensefromtheoppositeside.However,itmightalsobearight-handedattackthatcomesfromtherightside.Thedescriptionsherewillassumethefirstexample,whichismostcommon.
STARTINGPOSITION:Left-leg-forwardfightingstanceasattackermakesleft-handedstab.
1.Redirecttheattackusingyourlefthand,rotatingyourhandsharply(“chop”)againsttheinsideoftheattacker’shandtoincreasethemovementawayfromyourbody.Moreemphasisshouldbeplacedonalargerhandandbodydefensebecauseofthepossibilityofabendintheattacker’selbow.Asyoudefend,keepyourrighthandclosetoyourbodytoavoidtheredirectedknife.
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2.Immediatelysendachoporhammerfisttotheattacker’sneckorfacewhilesimultaneouslysendingyourrighthandtowardtheattacker’sbiceptocatchthearm.Gotothebicepbecauseyouknowwherethatpartofthearmwillbe—ifyoureachforthewrist,itwillberecoilingawayfromyouandhardertocatch.
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3.Putweightontheattacker,explodinginwithkneesorgroinkicks.Trytogettheforearmofyourrighthandagainsttheattacker’sknifearminawaythatmakesitdifficultforhimtostab,butattackaggressivelyregardlessofarmposition.Slideyourhanddowntocatchhiswristanddelivermorekneestrikes.
4–6.Whentheattackerissoftened,bringhisknifehandinwardandcapitwithyourrighthand.Makeacavalierandstriptheknife.
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TIPSTheonlydifferencebetweenthisdisarmandthedisarminDefenseagainstDownwardStab(page470)isthat,becauseofthenatureoftheknifegrip,thebladewillbeclosertoyourarmandbody.Besuretokeeptheknifeclosetohimandfarfromyou.
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTFORWARDSLASHKnifeDefensesTheDefenseagainstForwardSlashisalmostexactlylike360°withCounterattack(page177).Theonlydifferenceisthat,ifyouseetheknifecoming,youshouldgetyourheadinsideandtuckyourchintoavoidtheknifeaccidentally“flicking”orflyingintoyourfaceorneckasyoudefend.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestanceasattackermakesright-handedforwardslash.
1.Makea360°Defenseagainsthiswristasyoumakearightpunchtohisface.Tuckyourchindownandgetyourheadinsidethedefensetoavoidtheknife.
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2–3.Pushtheknifearmbackanddown,catchatthewrist,anddeliverknees.
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4.Todisarm,bringhisknifehandinwardandcapitwithyourrighthand.
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5–7.Makeacavalierandstriptheknife.Beawarethattheknifebladeispointingtowardyou,somakesuretobringtheknifeinandclosetotheattacker,notclosetoyou.
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KNIFEDEFENSEAGAINSTBACKHANDSLASHKnifeDefenses
STARTINGPOSITION:Modifiedpassivestancefacingtheattacker.
1.Astheattackermakesaforwardslash,leanbackandaway(thismayhappenreflexively).
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2.Immediatelyburstbackintothefight.Blocktheattackwithbothforearms—oneaboveandonebelowtheattackingelbow.Keepyourchintuckedandtrytoleanyourheadandbodyinwardtowardtheattacker.
3–4.Pivotyourforwardarm(usuallyyourlefthandagainstaright-handedslash)downtocatchclosetotheattacker’swrist,thenpunchwithyourrearhand(usuallyyourright).NotethatthispositionisexactlylikethecontrolandcounterattackpositionusedinDefenseagainstStraightStab(page478).
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5.Todisarm,bringhisknifehandinwardandcapitwithyourrighthand.
6–7.Makeacavalierandstriptheknife.
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TIPSNotethatthebackwardmovementinStep1shouldNOTputyourweightbackinyourheels.Oncetheforehandslashpassesbyyourface,immediatelyburstforwardandusebothforearmstoblockthebackhandslashasdescribedabove.
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LONGGUNFROMTHEFRONT—LIVESIDEShotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefenses
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Astheattackerpresentstherifle,sendyourlefthandtotheweaponinastraightline,keepingyourhandopenandyourfingersextendeddownwardatabouta45-degreeangle.Keepingyourleftarmstiff,putthepalmofyourhandatthebarreloftheweaponandpushinastraightlinetoyourright.Asyouredirect,makeabodydefensebyallowingyourleftshouldertocomeforwardandblading(orturning)yourbody;thishastheaddedbenefitofputtingyourmotionandweighttowardthegunmaneventhoughyourfeethavenotyetmoved.Yourlefthandshouldmovefirst,butasitdoes,yourrighthandshouldthenmoveinwardtoavoidthelineoffire.Thinkofmovingtherighthandtothecrookoftheleftelbow.
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2.Burstforwardwithyourfeettowardtherifleman,slidingyourlefthandtowardthebuttwhileyourrighthandreplacestheleft.ALWAYSmaintaincontactwiththeweapon.
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3.Grabtheweaponsharplywithbothhands,keepingyourelbowsdowntomaintaincontrol.Besureyourlefthandhasgonedeeptodefendagainstorpreventastrikewiththebuttend.Youshouldalreadybeputtingweightontheweapon,drivingittowardtheattacker.
4.Withafirmgraspontherifle,deliverakicktotherifleman’sgroinareawitheitherleg.Sinceyourleftlegwillbeclosesttotherifleman,akickdeliveredwiththislegwillgettothetargetsoonerbutwon’thaveasmuchpowerasakickdeliveredwiththerightleg,whichwilltakeslightlylongertoreachthetarget.Ifyoukickwithyourrearleg,besureyourweightisdistributedforward.Ifyouleanbackwhilekickingwiththerearleg,youmaybeshovedbackward.
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5.Afteryoukick,plantyourfeetandsharplyjerktheweaponupwardsothemuzzlerises.Thiswillnotreleasethehold,butgenerallyputstheweaponinabetterpositionforyou.
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6.Immediatelypullyourlefthandalittletowardyourbodywhileyourrighthand,nearthemuzzle,punchesthebarreltowardstherifleman’sface(similartoanoverhandrightpunch).
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7–8.Recoilslightly,thendrivethemuzzlesharplypasttherifleman’srightshoulderanddownto“break”itfromhisgrasp.Assoonasyouaresuretheweaponisinyourpossession,retreattoasafedistance.Bepreparedtousetherifleasacoldweapon.
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TIPSTheredirectingmovementshouldtaketherifleoffyourbodyparalleltothefloor.Anydiagonalmovementupordownmeansthattheriflestaysonyourbodyforalongerperiodoftime.Thisinitialredirectionmustbea“punch”withyourhandbecausetheriflemanwillhavebothhandsontheweapon,whichgiveshimgreatercontrol.
Notethesedifferenceswhendealingwithanassaultweaponwithalongmagazineorhandleattached,asopposedtoashotgunorrifle:
Becauseofthebottom-feedingmagazinesattachedtomostassaultweapons,youmayneedtoraisetheweaponbeforedeliveringanytypeofkick,orelsethemagazinemayblockyourlegasyouattempttokickthesuspect’sgroin.
1.Afterdeliveringthecounterattackkicks,useyourlefthandtoliftthetopoftheassaultweaponandpullthebuttoutfromunderthegunman’sarmpit.
2.Pushtherearoftheweapondownandoverthetopofthegunman’swristinorderbreakhishold.]
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3.Thendrivethebarreltowardthegunman’sface(similartoanoverheadrightpunch).
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LONGGUNFROMTHEFRONT—DEADSIDE(DISARMINGUNDERGUNMAN’SARM)Shotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefenses
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Astheattackerpresentstherifle,sendyourrighthandtotheweaponinastraightline,keepingyourhandopenandyourfingerspointingtowardsthegroundata45ºangle.Keepingyourrightarmstiff,putthepalmofyourhandatthebarreloftheweaponandpushinastraightlinetoyourleft.Thishastheaddedbenefitofputtingyourmotionandweighttowardthegunmaneventhoughyourfeethavenotyetmoved.Yourrighthandshouldmovefirst,butafteritbegins,bringyourlefthandtothecrookofyourrightelbowtokeepitoutofthelineoffire.
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2.Burstforwardandtotherightwithyourfeettothe“deadside”oftheriflemanandgrabtheweaponsharplywithyourlefthand.Keepyourarmstraighttocontrolthebarrelandstayoutofthelineoffire.Youshouldalreadybeputtingweightdownandawayontheweapon.
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3–4.Withafirmgriponthebarrel,deliverakicktotherifleman’sgroinareawithyourleftleg.Asyourecoilyourkick,jerkontheweapontobegintoloosenitasyoudeliveranoverhandrightpunchtothehead.
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5–6.Afteryourpunch,recoilyourrighthandtoreachundertherifleman’sleftarmandgrasptherifle,thenpulltheweaponupwardslightly.
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7.Takethelefthandthatisgrippingthebarrelanddrivethebarreltowardstherifleman’sface(similartoanoverhandleftpunch).
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8.Rotatetheriflesharplypasttherifleman’srightshoulderto“break”hisgrasp.Iftheriflemancontinuestoholdontotheweapon,continuetostrikehimwiththerifle,includingkicks,knees,andheadbutts,tosoftenhisgrip.Assoonasyouaresuretheweaponisinyourposition,retreattoasafedistance.Bepreparedtousetherifleasacoldweapon.
TIPSTheredirectingmovementshouldtaketherifleoffyourbodyparalleltothefloor.Anydiagonalmovementupordownmeansthattheriflestaysonyourbodyforalongerperiodoftime.Thisinitialredirectionmustbea“punch”withyourhandbecausetheriflemanwillhavebothhandsontheweapon,whichgiveshimgreatercontrol.
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Itisunlikelythatthecontrolanddisarmportionsofthisdefensewillbesuccessfulagainstasubmachinegun.Subgunssimplyofferverylittlesurfacetocontrolonthedeadside.ThisisexactlywhyMachineGunTakedown(page444)wascreated.
DISARMINGOVERGUNMAN’SLEFTARMVARIATION:Thisvariationofthe“deadside”disarmisnecessaryifthegunmanhasclampedhisleftelbowdown,preventingyoufromcomingunderhisarm.Theredirection,control,andcounterattackfordisarmingfrom“underorover”therifleman’sarmarethesame.
1.Afteryoupunchtheriflemanwithyourrightfist,recoilyourrighthandandreachovertherifleman’sleftarmandgrasptherifletowardstherearoftheweapon.
2.Pushdownandawaywithyourrighthandinordertoclearthebuttoftheriflefromundertherifleman’srightarmpit.Youshouldtwistbothwristsasthoughrevvingamotorcycleengine—thistwiststheweaponoutandawayfromthe
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gunman’sgrip.
3–4.Pullthestockoftheweaponup,strikingtherifleman’sface,andcontinuethroughwiththismovement,bringingtherifletoyourbody.
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5–7.Takethelefthandthatisgrippingthebarrelanddrivethebarreltowardtherifleman’sface(similartoanoverhandleftpunch).rotatingtheriflesharplypasttherifleman’sleftshoulderto“break”hisgrasp.
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Iftheriflemancontinuestoholdontotheweapon,continuetostrikehimwiththerifleandcombativestosoftenhisgrip.
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LONGGUNFROMTHESIDE,BEHINDTHEARMShotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefensesTheinitialmovementsforthistechniqueareverysimilartoGunfromtheSide,BehindtheArm(page389).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Astheattackerplacestheriflebehindyourarm,makeasmallredirectionwithyourarm,pushingtherifleofflinebehindyou.Thismovementshouldberelativelysmall.
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2.Turntowardtherifleman,reachingtowardhimwithyourinsidehand(theonethatmadetheredirection)sothatyourarmslipsunderneathhis.Yourgoalshouldbetoreachasdeepaspossibleevenbeforeyou’vemovedyourfeet.Burstinverydeepsothatyourforwardfootisoutsidetheattacker’s.
3.Wrapyourforwardarmup,bringingyourhandandfingersupandoverthe
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topoftherifle,tightlytrappingthebarrelinthebendofyourelbow.Unlikewithahandgun,donotmakeafist.Afistwillnotmakethesameholdontherifle.
4.Withyourreararm,deliveranelbowstrikeoroverheadrightpunchtothegunman’sface.Followwithkneesifnecessary.
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5.Takeyourshoulderontheweaponsideandpushitforward,forcingthebarrelup,thenslideyourhandupandgrabthebarrel.Youcanskiptheshouldermovementandgostraightforthegrabifyoufeelthatheisnotholdingonfirmly.
6–7.Takeyourlefthandthatisgrippingthebarrelanddrivethebarreltowardstherifleman’sface(similartoanoverhandpunch).Atthesametime,pullthebuttoftherifleinyourrighthandtoyourrighthip.
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8–9.Rotatethebarrelsharplypasttherifleman’srightshoulderto“break”itfromhisgrasp.Iftheriflemancontinuestoholdontotheweapon,continuetostrikehimwiththerifleandcombativestosoftenhisgrip.
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TIPS
Howtheattackerpresentstheweapon(holdingitwithhisrightorleftsideforward)willdeterminewhichshoulderyourotatethebarrelpastonthedisarm.Ifthelonggunispresentedonyourrightside,thesametechniqueworks,butinamirrorimage,ofcourse!
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LONGGUNFROMBEHIND(TOUCHING)Shotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefensesThetechniqueforLongGunfromBehindisexactlythesameasLongGunfromtheSide,BehindtheArm(page501),withacoupleofsmalldifferences.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Astheattackertouchestherifletoyourback,lookbehindyou.Youaren’treallyconcernedaboutwhatistouchingyourbody—youneedtomakesurewhattypeofweapontheattackerhasinhispossession.
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2.Leadingwithyourarm,turndeeplyenoughtoredirecttheweaponandtakeyourbodyoutofthelineoffire.Yourbodydefenseshouldcauseyoutoimmediatelyleanback(towardtheattacker)evenbeforeyourfeetmove.
Thecontrol,counterattack,anddisarmisthesameasLongGunfromtheSide,BehindtheArm.
TIPS
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TIPS
Iftherifleisheldlow,yourarmwillmaketheredirectionalongwiththebodydefense.Iftherifleisheldhighonyourback,yourarmwillhavelittleornoeffect,andyou’llmostlymakeabodydefense.However,thearmstillhelpsyourbodyrotate.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTRIFLE/BAYONETSTAB—LIVESIDEShotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefensesTheDefenseagainstRifle/BayonetStabtotheLiveSideisexactlyliketheDefenseagainstLongGunfromtheFront—LiveSide(page490).Theonlysignificantdifferencesare:1)withabayonetstabwearelessconcernedwithtelegraphingmovementwhileinthelineoffire;and2)wemustreachpastthebladetodefendalongthebarrel.
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1.Asyourlefthandmakesthedefense,leanforwardsothatyoucanreachpasttheblade.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTRIFLE/BAYONETSTAB—DEADSIDEShotgun/AssaultRifle/SubmachineGunDefensesAswiththedefensetotheliveside,theinitialdefenseisalmostexactlyliketheDefenseagainstLongGunfromtheFront—DeadSide(page496).Theconsiderationsherearethesameasthosefordefensetotheliveside(leaningforwardtoreachpastthecuttingedge).
STARTINGPOSITION:Passivestance.
1–2.Aftertheredirectionismadewithyourrighthand,sweepyourrighthandacrosshisfacetolifthischin(beneficialinmilitaryapplicationsagainstopponentswearinghelmets).Withyourleftarm,delivera“clothesline”withyourleftarmandsteppasttheattackerwithyourleftfoot.
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3–4.Dragtheattackeruponyourhipand“hang”himthere,ortakehimdownwithahiproll.
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Itismoredifficulttoexecutethistakedownonthelivesidebecausetheattacker’shipisback,makingithardertosteppastthathipforthetakedown.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTTHREATWITHAHANDGUN:FROMBEHINDATADISTANCEHandgunDefensesThisthreatrepresentsadifficultsituationforthedefender—notbecausethemovementisdifficult,butbecauseitisoftendifficulttogaugedepthwhenglancingbehindyou.Wesay“FromBehindataDistance”todistinguishfromGunfromBehind,Touching,whichwepresentedinBlueBelt.Keepinmindthat“distance”muststillmean“withinreach.”
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralstance.
1.Astheattackermakesthethreatwithhisrighthand,glanceoveryourshoulder—doNOTmakethemovetooaggressive.
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2.Usingthehandonthesamesideyouhavelooked,sendthathandbackwardinastraightlinetotheweapon.Besureyourhandgoesstraightupandback,andthatitdoesNOTarcouttothesideandup.ThinkofthesameprinciplesasGunfromtheFront(page382).Asyourhandmovesup,keepyourthumbhookedtoincreaseyourchancesofmakingcontactwiththegun.Asyourhandreachesthegunandredirectsittotheside,makeabodydefensebyturningyourshoulderintowardthegun.
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3.Bursttowardtheattacker,pushingtheweaponbackasyoupunchwithyourfreehand.
4.Recoilyourpunchandcatchtheattacker’swrist.Besureyoukeepyourweightontheweaponasyoudeliverkicks,headbutt,orkneestrikes.
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5.Todisarm,continuepushingthemuzzleforwardwhilepullingatthewrist.Thiswillsnaptheweaponandloosenhisgrip.
6.Pulltheweapondownatanangleandretreat.BesureyoudoNOTrolltheweaponstraightdown,orthemuzzlewillpointatyourlegs.
VARIATION:Itispossibletomaketheredirectionandcatchthewrist
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immediately,skippingthepunch.Theadvantageofthisisthatyousecuretheweaponmorequickly.However,yourcounterattacktakeslonger,givingtheattackermoretimetofightagainstyou.
ANoteRegardingtheLiveSideandDeadSide:Thistechniqueworksequallywellwhetheryouendupontheattacker’slivesideordeadside.Ifyoumakethedefensetotheattacker’sdeadside,youwillusuallyendupdrivingtheweaponinwardtohisbody.Beawarethatthereissomedangeroftheattackerturningsothathisbackistoyou.Bepreparedtomoveyourfeet!Ifyoumakethedefensetotheattacker’sliveside,theattacker’sarmhasrangeofmotion(hisbodyisnotintheway).Besureyoudrivetheweaponbackaggressively,oryouwillendup“chasing”theweaponashisarmmovesintotheopenspace.
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DEFENSEAGAINSTTHREATWITHAHANDGUN:“CUPPING”TECHNIQUE(TWOHANDS)HandgunDefensesThistechniquecanbeusedagainstthreatsfromthefrontatanyheight,ortothesideofthehead.Inthreatsfromthefront,itisusedwhenthelineoffireisplacedoffline,orwhenthedefenderdoesnotwanttoredirecttheweapontowardthirdparties.Itisalsousedwhenthedefendermovesthelineoffireandfindshimselfontheattacker’sliveside.Inguntothesideofthehead,itisusedwhenthedefenderredirectsthelineoffireandfindshimselfontheattacker’sliveside.
STARTINGPOSITION:Neutralstance.Theright-handedgunmanpointstheweaponleftofcenteronyourbody.
1.Usingyourrighthand,redirecttheweaponofftoyourleftside.AllthedetailsregardingmovementinGunfromtheFront(page382)apply.
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2.Immediatelyreachyourlefthandunderneathandcatchthegunatthebackoftheslideorhammerarea.Yourweightshouldalreadybetransitioningforward.Burstforwarddiagonallywithyourleftfoot,keepingweightdownandforwardontheweapon.Simultaneouslydeliverarightfrontkicktothegroin.Besureyourchinisdownandyourinside(right)shoulderisuptoprotectagainstapunch.
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3–4.DisarmusingthesamemovementsusedinGunfromtheFront.
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TIPS
Intheinitialposition,itwouldnotmakesensetodoregularDefenseagainstGunfromtheFrontbecausethelineoffirewouldtrackacrossthedefender’sentirebody.(Alternately,imaginethegunpointeddirectlyatthecenterofyourchest;however,thereissomeonetoyourright,preventingyoufrommakingtheregulardefense.)
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BonusBlackBeltTechniques
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BonusBlackBeltTechniques
Thischaptercoverssomeadvancedtechniquesthataddressasmallselectionofhandgunandedged-weaponthreats.It’saverysmallsamplingfromKravMagaWorldwide’scarefullydesignedandvastlyevolvedBlackBeltLevelcurriculum.Needlesstosay,thetopicspresentedareextremelyhighriskandinvolvethepotentialuseofdeadlyforce.Someexerciseswillbebasedmoreonprinciplethantechnique,takingintoaccountthemanyvariablesthatmayaffectintricatetechnicalresponses.Note:ThischapterwasnotwritteninanefforttoreplacetrainingwithanupdatedandpresentlycertifiedKravMagaWorldwideinstructor.Rather,theinformationismeanttoserveasaresourceforadvancedinstructorsandanintroductionforotherinstructorsandstudentswishingtofurthertheirknowledgeinthesystem.Itbearsrepeatingthatthescenariospresentedinthisbookareofextremehighrisk,andnomediumcanreplaceactualsupervisedtraining.
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UseofForce:TheRulesofSelf-DefenseIfyouarereadingthisbook,especiallythischapter,itissafetoassumethatyouhaveaninterestindevelopingyourabilitytodefendyourself.Ifyouarephysicallyattackedasatargetofanaggravatedassault,arape,anattemptedmurderorsomeotherviolentcrime,havingthephysicalandtacticalskillstosurvivetheencountermaytrulybeamatteroflifeanddeath.
Self-defenseinstructorsoftenteachtheirstudentstowinatallcosts—todoanythingandeverythingtosurvive,topunishtheassailantforassaultingyou.Somemaybelievethesestatementstobetrue;however,suchadviceisusuallyproclaimedoutofcontextandmayhavesignificant,negative,long-term,life-changingramificationsthatinvolvelegalbattlesinbothcivilandcriminalarenas.Youshouldbefamiliarwithuseofforcelawanditseffectonyourrighttouseself-defense,evendeadlyforce,shouldtheneedarise.Youmustbepreparedtowinthebattleonthestreet,whileconductingyourselflawfullyandethicallysothatyousurvivethelegalbattlesthatmayfollowinthecourts.Bottomline:knowthelawinyourstate!Herearesomethingstokeepinmind:
RetreatRule:Ifyouknowyoucanretreatwithoutriskinginjury,youmustdoso.
“TrueMan”Doctrine:Ifyoudidnotinitiatetheencounter,youarenotobligatedtoretreat(solongasyourassailantstillposesathreat)evenifyoucandososafely.
CastleDoctrine:Anexceptiontotheretreatrule:Ifyouareinyourownhome,youarenotobligatedtoretreat,evenunderastatefollowingtheretreatrule.
PetersonDoctrine:Ifyou’retheinitialaggressoryoucan’tuseself-defenseasajustificationforauseofforce,unlessyou’vemadeagood-faithshowingthatyouwantedtostopfighting.
Ifyoudogetintoasituationthatescalatesintoaphysicalaltercation,followtheseafter-actionsuggestions:
• Contactthepoliceandyourlegalcounselassoonaspossible.
• Ifyouortheassailantareinjured,obtainmedicaltreatmentbynotifyingthe
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properauthorities.
• Ifavailable,obtainwitnessstatements.Theuseofaudiorecordingisstronglyrecommendedtopreservewitnessstatementsandtopreventachangeinawitness’stestimonyatalaterdate.
• Obtainthenamesandaddressofallindividualspresentanddocumenttheirobservationsorlackofobservations.
• Ifyouhavepainorvisibleinjury,useacamera,wheneverpossible,tophotographtheinjuredarea.Thephotographsoftheareashouldbebeforeandaftertreatmentbymedicalpersonnel.Thepost-medicaltreatmentphotographshouldshowtheareawithoutthebandageorcovering,orifyouhavedisheveledandtornclothing,thisshouldalsobephotographed.
• Iftheaggressorcomplainsofpainorhasvisibleinjury,summontherequiredmedicaltreatmentandevenapplyfirstaidifsafeandnecessarytodoso.
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HandgunsThehandgunssectiondealswithaselectionofextreme,high-riskscenariosinwhichanassailant,armedwithahandgun,posesanimminentthreattothelifeofthedefenderunderintenseconditions.Asvariablesincrease,difficultiesanalyzingandreactingtothethreatsalsoincrease.TheKravMagaprinciplesappliedtoaddressingthreatsandattacksareconsistentthroughout,andarethereasonwhyKravMagaworkswellunderextremelystressfulconditions.Theyenablepractitionerstoassimilatehigher-levelthreatsmorereadily.
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TheWeaponHandguns,whichcomeinmanyshapes,sizesandtypes,appearinallscenariospresentedhere.Forthisbook,thereissomevalueinmakingadistinctionbetweenasemiautomatichandgunandarevolver.WhilerevolversstilloutnumbersemiautomaticsintheU.S.,thosenumbersarenarrowing.
It’srecommendedthatifyou’retrainingtodefendagainsthandgunthreats,youshouldhaveatleastacursoryknowledgeofthedifferenttypesofhandgunsandhowhandgunswork.
Asemiautomatichasa“slide”onthetopofthegunthatloadsaround(bullet)intothechamberinpreparationforthenextshot.Whenheld,theslidewillnotfunctionproperly,likelypreventinganewroundfrombeingloadedandperhapscausingtheweapontomalfunction.Thisissignificantifthedefender,oncemakingthetakeaway,choosestousetheweapon.Itwillbenecessaryto“tapandrack,”orloadanotherroundbyclearingthechamber.
Semiautomatichandgun
Note:Ifthereisalreadyaroundinthechamber,holdingtheslidewillNOTaffectthatroundorpreventitfromfiring.
Arevolverhasacylinder,insteadofaslide,thatpreparesthenextroundforfiring.Whenheld,thecylinderwillnotturn,preventinganewroundfrommovingintoplace.Thiswillnotcauseamalfunctionintherevolver.Note:Iftherevolverisalreadycockedandloaded,holdingthecylinderwillNOTkeepitfromfiringthatround.
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Revolver
ImportantNote:NEVERtrainwithalive(real)handgun,evenifit’sunloaded.
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TheAssailantHandguns,whencarriedbycriminals,areoftenusedtointimidate,threaten,move,takepropertyorkill.Anassailantusingahandguntypicallyderives“power”fromtheweapon.Thisisnoteworthy,sinceonceanattempteddefenseismade,theassailantlosesthis“power”andwillalsobeinalifeordeathstruggle.Inthesituationspresentedhere,theassailantiswithintwotofourfeet(orevenless)ofthedefender,choosingacloseproximitytointimidatethedefenderanddisguisehisintentionsfromotherparties.
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ImportantConsiderationsCriticalthinkingisessentialwhenattemptingtoanalyzeaself-defensesituationanddeterminethebestcourseofactioninthemoment.Whendealingwithgunthreats,therearemanyfactorsthatgointoestablishingthebestcourseofaction.Inordertodothisin“real”time,understress,youshouldcommittomemoryafewtangible(thoughnotconcrete)referencepointsthatmayservetoreducereactiontime.
Inthehandgunsection,referenceswillbemadeto“centerline,”“live”side,“dead”side,“short”sideand“long”side:
Centerline
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Movementtoliveside
Movementtodeadside
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Shortsideofftodefender’sright
Shortsideofftodefender’sleft
Centerline:therelativecenterofthedefender’sbody.
Liveside:thesideofyourbodywhereattacksfromtheassailantaremostreadilyavailable(generallythoughtofasinsidetheelbowsorthefrontofthebody).
Deadside:thesideofyourbodywhereattacksfromtheassailantareleastreadilyavailable(generallythoughtofasoutsidetheelbowsorthebackofthebody).
Shortside:thisreferstotheproximityofthelineoffireinrelationtothecenterlineofthedefenderandtheareaofthebodywiththeshortestlineoffthebody.
Longside:thisreferstotheproximityofthelineoffireinrelationtothecenterlineofthedefenderandtheareaofthebodywiththelongestlineoffthebody.
Afteradisarmismade,thedefenderhasseveral“afteraction”optionsavailable.Someoftheseare:
• tappingandrackingtheweapon(makeitreadytofire),keepingtheassailantinthelineoffire
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• usingtheweapondryorcold(i.e.,strikingwithit)
• usingpersonalweapons/combatives
• accessingownweapon.
Regardlessofwhichactionyouchoose,allshouldservetoputyouinasaferposition.
ImportantSafetyinTrainingNote:DoNOTputyourfingeronthetriggerorat“ready”whentraininganyhandgundefensesasitmaygetbroken.
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EdgedWeaponsAnedgedweapon,whiletypicallyaknife,couldbeanyshortinstrumentusedtocutorstab,suchasabrokenbottle,scissors,boxcutter,screwdriver,etc.Thereareseveralkeyfactorsthatshouldbeconsideredwhendealingwithathreatasopposedtoanattack.Thebehavioroftheassailantisdifferentfromonewhoisactivelystabbingorslashingatthedefender.Theassailantmaywanttogaininformationorpropertyfromthevictim,takethevictimhostageand/ormovethevictimtoanotherlocation.Dependingonthenatureandcontextofthethreat,aknife-wieldingassailanthastheabilitytothreatentheintendedvictimfromclose,intermediateandlong-rangedistances,atvariousanglesandheights,andbyplacingtheedgedweaponatdifferentpartsofthevictim’sbody.
Ourexperienceshavetaughtusthateachpassingsecondmayallowthesituationtoescalateintoamoredangerousanddynamicscenario,onewheretheassailantactivelyattackswiththeedgedweaponbystabbingandslashingrepeatedlyattheintendedvictim.Justlikeinbasichandgun,thetechnicalprinciplesforaddressingknifethreatsareRedirect,Control,AttackandTakeaway.Thetacticalresponsesgenerallyrecommendedare:(1)escape,(2)useanimprovisedweaponorshield,and/or(3)engagewithpersonalweapons.It’simportanttonotethatonceaninitialdefenseismade,therearefourcommonresponsesfromtheassailant:switchknifehands,thrusttheknifeforward,pulltheknifeaway,and/orstrike.Thetechniquesprescribedherearedesignedtoaddressalloftheseconcerns.
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TheWeaponAnedgedweaponmaybeadedicatedweapon,suchasaknifecarriedonone’sperson,oraweaponofconvenience,suchasscissorsorbrokenglass.Whiletheactualattackrangeislimited,theedgedweaponpresentsmultipleproblemsfordefenders.
Edgedweaponsareeasilyconcealedand,quiteoften,victimsareunawareofthepresenceofaknife(forexample).Edgedweaponsaretypicallyeasytowieldanddifficulttoisolateforthedefender.Suchweaponsarealways“live,”neverrunoutof“ammo”andalmostneverfail.Forthesereasons,amongothers,edgedweaponsareoftenconsideredthehardesttodealwith.Inaddition,accordingtopolicereportssubmittedannuallytotheFBI,apersonintheU.S.whoisstabbedbyaknifeis20percentmorelikelytodiethanonewhosuffersagunshot.
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TheAssailantApersonwillingtousesuchaweaponischaracteristicallyofadifferentmindsetthanthosepreferringother,longer-rangeweapons.Anassailantchoosingtobrandishanduseanedgedweaponiswillingtogo“handson”—togetbloody,tofeelmetalagainstboneandtendon,andtofeelthelifeleavethevictim.Apersonwiththiscapacitymustbemetwithequalorgreaterferocityifthedefenderistohaveachanceofsurvival.
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BasicDefensePrinciplesRedirect:Movethelineoffireoffofyourbodyortheedgeawayfromyourbody.
Control:Getcontroloftheweaponorweaponhand.
Attack:Sendaggressivecounterattackstotheassailant.
Takeaway:Disarmtheassailant.
Generally,thedefender’shandsaredownbythesides.Bringingthehandsupandthenmakingadefenseisa“bigger”movementthatismuchmoreobvioustotheassailant.Iftheassailantordersthedefender’shandsup,thisisanidealtimetomakethedefense(ifinrange),sincetheassailantexpectsmovement.
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HandgunThreatsInordertosimplifyassimilationoftheinformation,assumethehandgunisbeingheldintherighthandinallofthescenariosgiven.
ImportantNoteforhandgunthreatsfromtheback/side:Whenthreatenedfromthedeadside,it’softenhardorimpossibletoseetheweaponwithoutfirstturning.Inallofthedefensesdescribed,wherepossible,itisadvisedtolookandseewhichhandholdstheweaponbeforedecidingacourseofaction.
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BASICGUNTHREATFROMFRONT(DEAD-SIDEOPTION)HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgunatyourcenterlineorclosertoyourright.Inthiscase,itisatyourchest,althoughitcouldbeatyourheadorabdomen.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Thelineoffireistoyourcenterlineortowardsyourright,whichdictatesredirectingthelineoffireinthatdirection.
1.Usingthesmallestmovepossible,bringyourlefthandupandplaceyourindexfingeratthesideoftheweapon.Movetheweaponinastraightlinetoyourright,bringingyourleftshoulderforwardtoincreaseyourreachandbladingyourbodytomakeyou,thetarget,smaller.
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2.Grabtheweapon’sbarrelandturnitsharplyawayfromyou,moreorlessparalleltotheground;beginputtingyourweightontheweaponassoonaspossible.
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3.Leadingwithyourleftfood,immediatelyburstforward,preferablypinningthegunagainsttheassailant’sbody(atornearthestomach).Maintainingyourweightontheweaponthroughout,punchtotheassailant’sface.Note:Itmaybenecessarytothrowmultiplepunches,butyoushouldkeepyourweightontheweaponandbepreparedtocontinuemovingforwardincasetheassailantisdrivenbackasaresultofthestrikes.
4.Asyourecoilyourpunch,keepyourhandandarmclosetoyourbody.Reach
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underthehandgunandgrabthehammerandsightportionoftheweapon.Breaktheassailant’sgripontheweaponbyrotatingitsharply(about90°).
5.Pulltheweaponbacktoyourbody.Donotmoveyourfeetuntilyouhavecompletecontroloftheweapon.
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BASICGUNTHREATFROMFRONT“CUPPING”DEFENSE(LIVE-SIDEOPTION)
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgunatyourcenterlineorclosertoyourleft.Inthiscase,itisatyourchest,althoughitcouldbeatyourheadorabdomen.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Thelineoffireistoyourcenterlineortowardsyourleft,whichdictatesredirectingthelineoffireinthatdirection.
1.Usingthesmallestmovepossible,bringyourrighthandupandplaceyourindexfingeratthesideoftheweapon.Movetheweaponinastraightlinetoyourleft,bringingyourrightshoulderforwardtoincreaseyourreachandbladingyourbodytomakeyou,thetarget,smaller.
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2–3.Grabtheweapon’sbarrelandturnitsharplyawayfromyou,moreorlessparalleltotheground.Immediatelybringyourlefthandupandundertothehammerportionoftheweapon,buildinga“wall”tomaintaincontrol.Maintainingcontroloftheweaponthroughout,immediatelyfrontkicktothegroin.
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4.Breaktheassailant’sgripontheweaponbyturningitsharplytowardshim
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anddown.
5.Pulltheweaponback5toyourbody.Donotmoveyourfeetuntilyouhavecompletecontroloftheweapon.
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NOTE:Itispossibletopunchthenmakethecuppingtechniqueinsteadofkicking,butinmostcasesthisispreferredbecausethecontrolisstronger.Itisalsopossibletoredirecttotherightandmakeacuppingtechnique,buttheregulardefense(dead-sideoption;page523)isgenerallypreferred.
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GUNTHREATWITHHANDATCHEST(SPACEFORREDIRECTION)
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgunatyourcenterlineorclosertoyourrightanduseshislefthandtobraceagainstyouorpushyoubackward.Heholdsthehandgunback,closetohisbody.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Youdeterminethatthereisenoughspacebetweentheweaponandtheassailanttofacilitatearedirection.Thelineoffireistoyourcenterlineortowardsyourright,whichdictatesredirectingthelineoffireinthatdirection.Becauseyourweightisbeingforcedback,thepushing/bracinghandmustbeaddressed.
1.Usingthesmallestmovepossible,bringyourrighthanduptothehandtouchingyouandperformasweepingmotiontocleartheassailant’shand(thisissimilartoanoutsidedefense,startingonpage272).
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2–5.Bladeyourbodyandperformtheregulargunfromthefrontdefense(dead-sideoption;seepage523).
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NOTE:Itispossiblethatyourhandsareupwhenthethreatoccurs.Inthiscase,you’llbeunabletoclearthehandbysweepingfromtheinside.Thesolutionhereistoclearthehandusingapluckingmotion,similartotheoneusedinmanybasicself-defensetechniques.Therestofthedefensewouldremainunchanged.
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GUNTHREATWITHHANDATCHEST(NOSPACEFORREDIRECTION)
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HandgunThreatsThisdefenseisnearlyidenticaltotheMachineGunTakedownonpage444.
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgunanduseshislefthandtobraceagainstyouorpushyoubackward.Heholdsthehandgunback,bracingitagainsthisbody.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Youdeterminethereisnotenoughspacebetweentheweaponandtheassailanttofacilitatearedirection,andthehandbracingatyourchestorevenyourleftshoulderisforcingyourweightback.
1.Usingyourrighthand,grabtheassailant’sleftelbow.
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2.Whileloweringyourbodyandpullingyourselfforward,pulltheassailant’sarmtowardsandpastyourbodyusingthisgrip.Stayveryclosetotheassailant,endingupeitherbesideorjustbehindhim.Slideyourleftarmupandundertheweaponarmandpinittotheassailant’sbody.
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3.Withthesideofyourheadagainsttheassailant’sbody,shootyourrighthandupandbetweenhislegs,asifyou’retryingtograbhisbeltline.
4–5.Withyourhipsclosetotheassailant,liftwithyourlegs(NOTyourback)andpullyourrightarmbacktowardsyou.Thisactionshouldcausetheassailant’sfeettogoupandbackandhisheadtogodowntowardstheground.Note:Youdonotneedtolifttheassailantveryhighofftheground—justafewinches.Inactuality,liftingtheassailanttoohighmayallowhimtospinintowardsyou.
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6.Drivetheassailantintotheground,bringingyourbodydownontopofhim.Asyoudothis,useelbowstrikestothebackofhishead.Note:Theweaponshouldbeundertheassailant’sbody,butit’spossiblethatitwasdroppedduringthetakedownandfellawayfromyou.Takenotetosecureitafterrenderingtheassailantunabletocontinuefighting.
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GUNTHREATFROMFRONTWITHDEFENDERONKNEES
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgunwhileyou’reonyourknees.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Inthiscase,theweaponisdirectedatyourcenterline.Burstingforwardandcounterattackingisnotfeasibleorpossiblebecauseofyourbodyposition(itsimplytakestoolongtogetupfromyourknees).
1–2.Performthecuppingtechniquebyredirectingwithyourrighthandandcontrollingfurtherwithyourleft.
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3.Oncethe“wall”isbuilt,beginrisingfromyourknees,makingsureallmovementsareforward,towardstheassailant.Note:Itislikelytheassailantwillpullbackontheweapon.Thisactionwillhelpbringyouupoffyourknees.
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4.Redirectingthelineoffireslightlyupward,deliverakneeorkicktothegroin.Aheadbuttisalsoaviableoption,but,inthiscase,thelineoffireshouldnotberedirectedup.
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5–6.Breaktheassailant’sgripontheweaponbyrotatingitsharply(about90°)andpulltheweaponbacktoyourbody.Donotmoveyourfeetuntilyouhavecompletecontroloftheweapon.
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NOTE:Thisdefensecanbemadetoeitherdirectiondependingontheenvironmentandthelocationofthelineoffire.
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GUNTHREATFROMBACKWITHDEFENDERONKNEES
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpointsthehandgunatthebackofyourheadwhileyou’reonyourknees.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Turningandburstingtocounterattackisnotfeasiblebecauseofyourbodyposition.
1.Bringyourhandsuptowardsthehandgun,keepingthemclosetoyourbodyandoutofsightoftheassailant.
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2.Usingyourrighthand,grabthebarrelandpointthemuzzleforward,awayfromyou.Placeyourlefthandatthebackofthehandgun,buildinga“wall”ofcontrol.
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3.Immediatelyandsharplyturnthehandguntowardstheright.Thisactionwillcreateimmensepressureontheassailant’swrist,creatingthedisarm.
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4.Extendbotharmsforwardtocompletelyremovetheassailant’shandfromtheweapon.
5–7.Turnandcounterattackimmediatelywithstrikestothegroinbeforegettinguptoyourfeetforfurthercountersand/ordisengaging.
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VARIATION:Aftermakingthetakeaway,itmayalsobepossibletoshoulderrollforwardandawayfromtheassailantbeforeturningtofacehim.
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GUNTHREATWITHDEFENDERONBACKANDASSAILANTMOUNTED
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Whileyou’reonyourback,theassailantstraddlesyouandholdsthehandguntoyourhead.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Therearemultiplevariablesinthissituation.Youmustcontroltheweaponandmakeatakeawaybeforemakingatraditionalcounterattack.Inthiscase,escapingthepositionisveryimportant.
1.Usingyourrighthandtoredirecttheweapontotheleft,performthecuppingtechnique.Note:Theredirectionisimportant—ifit’sdonetotheotherside,theassailantislikelytousethenon-weaponhandtopostonthegroundandpreventescape.
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2.Taketheweaponupandawayfromyou,towardstheground,whilebuckingyourhipsup.Ifpossible,traptheassailant’sfootonthesamesidewithyourfoot.
3.Buckyourhipsupward,towardsyourheadandleftshoulder,continuingtopushthegroundwithyourfeetuntilyouendupontop.
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4–7.Strikewiththeweapon,workingyourwaydowntheassailant’sbodytothegroin,makingsuretokeepthelineoffireawayfromyou.
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NOTE:Youshouldconsideryourphysicalstateinthe“afteraction”portionofthisdefense.Sinceit’slikelythatastruggleputyouthere,itmaybeadvisabletomaneuverfirsttoyourkneesthen,ifyoufeelokay,uptoyourfeet.Otherwise,operatefromyourkneesuntilyoufeelthatyoucanstandwithoutfallingbackdown.
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GUNTHREATWITHWALLPIN
HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandguntoyoursidewhileusinghisleftforearmtopinyouagainstawall.Theshortsideistoyourleftasaresultofthepositiontheassailantisputinbecauseofthepin.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Youdeterminethereisrestrictioncausedbythepinagainstthewall.Theshortsideistoyourleft,whichdictatesredirectingthelineoffireinthatdirection.
1.Redirectthelineoffirebygrabbingthebarrelwithyourlefthandandturningthemuzzletoyourleft.
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2–3.Counterattackwithastriketotheheadwithyourrighthand.Tomakethetakeaway,pulltheassailant’swristtowardsyouandturnthemuzzlesharplytowardstheassailant.
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4.Counterattackwithfurtherstrikestothehead,usingtheweapon.Note:Whenusingahandgun“dry,”besurethelineoffirestaysawayfromyouatalltimes.
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VARIATION:It’spossiblethattheassailantuseshisforearmtoapplypressureloweronyourchest.Inthiscase,youmaychoosetoredirecttheassailant’sforearmwithyourlefthand.
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GUNTHREATFROMBEHIND,TOUCHING(BASICDEFENSE)
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantpresentsthehandgun,touchingtheweapontoyourlowerback.Notethattheweaponcouldbeheldhigheronthebackoratthebackofthehead.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Thelineoffireistoyourcenterlineortowardsyourright,whichdictatesredirectingthelineoffireinthatdirection.Remember,youmustlooktoinsurethe“offhand”isnotactuallytheweaponhand.
1.Keepingyourfeetinplaceandleadingwithyourleftarm,turntofacetheassailant,redirectingthelineoffirebymovingtheweaponwithyourarmandbladingyourbody.Reachingyourlefthanddeepundertheassailant’sarm,bursttowardstheassailant.Yourleftfootshouldbeoutsideoftheassailant’srightfoot.
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2–3.Bringyourleftarmup,trappingtheweaponarmagainstyourbody.Withyourrightarm,strikewithanelbowtotheassailant’sfacewhileslidingyourleftarmbacktothewristoftheweaponhand.Itisimportantthattherearenogapsorspacesbetweenyourwrist,thedefender’swristoryourbody.Yourcontrollinghandshouldbeinafistandpinnedtightlytoyourbody.
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4.Counterwithkneesand/orkickstothegroin(additionalupperbodycombativesarealsopossible).
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5.Bringingyourleftshoulderslightlyforward,reachoverwithyourrighthand,pinkysideup,andgrabthebarreloftheweapon.Keepyoureyesontheassailantandbesurenottoturnyourback.
6.Tobreakthegrip,snapthemuzzleoftheweapondowntowardstheground,bringingyourentirearmdown.
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7.Lifttheweaponstraightupforthetakeaway.
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8.Delivercounterattacks,suchaselbowsand/orweaponstrikes,andgetout.
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GUNTHREAT,HOSTAGEPOSITION
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantstandswithhischesttoyourback.Heloopshisleftarmaroundthefrontofyourthroatandpointsthehandgunatthesideofyourhead.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Becausetheassailantistoyourdeadsideandiscontrollingatleastaportionofyourbody,theredirectionandtakeawayaremadebeforethecounterattack.
1.Bringyourhandsuptowardsthehandgun,keepingthemclosetoyourbodyandoutofsightoftheassailant.
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2.Usingyourrighthand,grabthebarrelandredirectthemuzzleforward(thisturnshouldbeabout90°).
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3–4.Placeyourlefthandatthebackofthehandgun,buildinga“wall”ofcontrol.
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5.Pushthehandgunforward.Immediatelyandsharplyturnthehandguntowardstheright.Thisactionwillcreateimmensepressureontheassailant’swrist,creatingthedisarm.Whileshootingyourhipsbacktofurtherseparatetheassailantfromtheweapon,extendbotharmsforwardtocompletelyremovetheassailant’shandfromtheweapon.
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6.Turnandcounterattackimmediatelybeforemovingtoasafedistance.
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GUNTHREATWITHDEFENDERFACE-DOWNANDASSAILANTMOUNTED
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HandgunThreats
THREAT:Theassailantstraddlesyouwhileyoulieface-downontheground.Heholdsthehandgunatthebackofyourhead.
DANGER:Youmaybeshotortakentoanotherlocation,wherefurthercrimeswillbecommitted.
SOLUTION:Therearemultiplevariablesinthissituation.Youmustcontroltheweaponandmakeatakeawaybeforemakingatraditionalcounterattack.Inthiscase,escapingthepositionisveryimportant.
1.Bringyourhandsuptowardsyourhead,keepingthemclosetotheground.
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2.Usingyourrighthand(assumingyourfaceisturnedtotheright),grabthebarrelandredirecttheweaponforwardandslightlytotheright.Themuzzleshouldbeangledawayfromyourface.Note:Theangleofredirection/placementisimportant.Iftheinitialroundisdischarged,anydebrisshouldgoawayfromyourface,nottowardsit.
3.Withyourlefthand,controlthewristoftheweaponhandwhileliftingyourupperbody.
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4.Withyourrightshoulderatorneartheassailant’selbow,drivethatshoulderforwardandpullthegunback,underyourbody.
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5–6.Astheassailantgoesoveryourhead,takeyourbodybackandundertheassailant.
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NOTE:Youshouldconsideryourphysicalstateinthe“afteraction”portionofthisdefense.Sinceit’slikelythatastruggleputyouthere,itmaybeadvisabletomaneuverfirsttoyourkneesthen,ifyoufeelokay,uptoyourfeet.Otherwise,operatefromyourkneesuntilyoufeelthatyoucanstandwithoutfallingbackdown.
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Edged-WeaponthreatsInordertosimplifyassimilationoftheinformation,assumetheknifeisbeingheldintherighthandinallofthescenariosgiven.Theemphasisisalmostalwaysoncontrollingtheweaponandcounterattackingaggressively.Whiledisarmsareshown,the“real”defenseisintheoffense.Counterattacksshouldbeofanaturethatrenderstheassailantunableorunwillingtocontinuetheattack.
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EDGEDWEAPONTOUCHINGORATSHORTDISTANCEOFFTHEBODYEdged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Theassailantisclosetoyouandpresentstheknifetothefrontofyourbody.
DANGER:Theknifemaybetouchingyouorsimplyheldclosetoyourbody.Theknifeisnotnecessarilyheldstatically—theassailantmaybemovingitaround,givingdirections,pointing,threatening,etc.Theassailantmaywishtomoveyoutoanotherlocation.
SOLUTION:Becauseoftheproximityofthethreat,youshouldattempttocontroltheweaponhandandcounterattackaggressively.
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1.Withyourlefthand,grabtheassailant’sweapon-handwrist,redirectingtheweapontowardsyourrightside.
2–3.Assoonaspossible,reachyourrighthandtocontroltheweaponhand,coveringthehandasmuchaspossible.Extendyourarmsawayfromyou,applyingweightandcreatingdistance.Tuckyourchinbehindyourrightshouldertominimizethechanceofbeingstruckintheface.
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4.Assoonasyouattaincontrol,sendafrontkicktothegroin.(Iftheassailant’sbodyisangled,aroundkicktothegroin,usingtheballofyourfoot,maybemoreapplicable.)Aftertheinitialcounterattack,followwithadditionalcounters,maintainingcontroloftheweaponhandandkeepingtheweaponawayfromyourbody.Kickstothegroinandface(iftheassailantisdoubledover)arepreferable.
5.Maintaincontrolatthewristusingyourwholebody,withthepalmofyourrighthandapplyingpressuretotheknucklesoftheassailant’sweaponhand.Thepressureshouldforcethefingerssurroundingtheknifetoopen.Whilemaintainingcontact,scrapetheweaponoutoftheassailant’shand.
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EDGEDWEAPONTOUCHINGORATLONGERDISTANCEOFFTHEBODYEdged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Theassailantstandsfurtherawayfromyouandpresentstheknifetothefrontofyourbody.
DANGER:Thethreatmaybethesameaswiththeknifeclosertothebodybut,becauseofthedistance,gettingthesecondhandonquicklyisdifficulttodo.Theknifeisnotnecessarilyheldstatically—theassailantmaybemovingitaround,givingdirections,pointing,threatening,etc.
SOLUTION:Becauseofthedistance,insteadofcontrollingtheweaponhand,youshouldemphasizeredirectingtheweapon,counterattacking,andescapingorattaininganobjectthatmaybeusedasaweaponorshield.
1–2.Usingthepalmofyourlefthand,redirecttheweaponhandtowardsyourrightwithaquick,explosivestrikingmovementtothebackoftheassailant’shand.Note:Theredirectionisslightlyup,whichyieldslessresistance.Yourleftshouldershouldmoveforward,whichanglesyourbodyandincreasesyour
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reach.
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3.Immediatelyafterredirectingtheweaponhand,advancewithafrontkicktothegroin,movingatanangleintheoppositedirectionoftheredirectedweaponhand.Immediatelyseektoescapeoracquireanobjectthatmaybeusedasashieldorweapon.
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EDGEDWEAPONAGAINSTRIGHTSIDEOFNECK(MOVEMENTTODEADSIDE)Edged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Thisclose-rangesituationhastheweaponlikelytouchingtherightsideofyourneck.
DANGER:Here,duetotheproximitytothecarotidartery,onlyasmallmovementbytheassailantisrequiredtoinflictsevereinjuryordeath.
SOLUTION:Itbecomesnecessarytorecognizethe“open”area.Inotherwords,youmustanalyzetheorientationoftheweaponasitrelatestothedirectionneededtoinflictharmandredirecttheweaponintheoppositedirection.
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1.Usingyourlefthand,grabtheweaponhandatthewrist,redirectingitawayfromyourneck,whilemovingyourheadintheoppositedirection(deadside).
2.Bringyourrighthandupimmediatelytocovertheweaponhandoftheassailant,extendingyourarmstocreatespaceandleverageonthewrist.Note:Rotateyourredirectinghandsothatyourpalmfacesinthedirectionoftheassailant.Thisactionhelpsfacilitategettingthesecondhandonandoffersthepalm,asopposedtojustthethumb,asa“backstop.”
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3.Immediatelyaftergainingcontroloftheweaponhand,sendafrontkicktothegroin.Sendmultiplecounters,maintainingcontroloftheweaponhandandkeepingtheweaponawayfromyourbody.Kickstothegroinandface(iftheassailantisdoubledover)arepreferable.
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4.Maintaincontrolatthewristusingyourwholebody,withthepalmofyourrighthandapplyingpressuretotheknucklesoftheassailant’sweaponhand.Thepressureshouldforcethefingerssurroundingtheknifetoopen.Whilemaintainingcontact,scrapetheweaponoutoftheassailant’shand.
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EDGEDWEAPONAGAINSTLEFTSIDEOFNECK(MOVEMENTTOLIVESIDE)Edged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Thisclose-rangesituationhastheweaponlikelytouchingtheleftsideofyourneck.
DANGER:Here,duetotheproximitytothecarotidartery,onlyasmallmovementbytheassailantisrequiredtoinflictsevereinjuryordeath.
SOLUTION:Itbecomesnecessarytorecognizethe“open”area.Inotherwords,youmustanalyzetheorientationoftheweaponasitrelatestothedirectionneededtoinflictharmandredirecttheweaponintheoppositedirection.
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1.Usingyourrighthand,grabtheweaponhandatthewrist,redirectingitawayfromyourneck,whilemovingyourheadintheoppositedirection(liveside).
2.Withyourlefthand,immediatelycovertheassailant’sweaponhandandstraightenyourarmstocreatespaceandpressure.Immediatelycounterattackwithafrontkicktothegroin.
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3.Transitionboththumbstothebackoftheassailant’sweaponhand(attheknuckleline)whilemaintainingpressureonthewrist(Cavalier#3,asshownonpage405).
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4.Maintainingweightandpressureontheassailant’swrist,moveyourrighthandtocovertheassailant’sweaponhandandcontinuetocontroltheassailant’swristwithyourlefthand(Cavalier#1,asshownonpage401).
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5.Ifnecessaryorpossible,sendanotherkicktothegroin,maintainingthewristcontrol.
6.Usingyourwholebody,maintaincontrolatthewrist,withthepalmofyourrighthandapplyingpressuretotheknucklesoftheassailant’sweaponhand.Thepressureshouldforcethefingerssurroundingtheknifetoopen.Whilemaintainingcontact,scrapetheweaponoutoftheassailant’shand.
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EDGEDWEAPONATBACK,TOUCHINGEdged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Theassailanttouchestheknifetoyourback.
DANGER:Whiletheassailant’sintentmaybetomoveyouortakeproperty,youareveryvulnerabletostabstotheback.
SOLUTION:Whenrespondingtothisthreat,it’simportanttotakeaquicklookoveroraroundyourshouldertodeterminethattheweapon(nottheassailant’shandorfingers)isactuallyatyourbackandnotheldinhisbackhand.KravMagapractitionersfamiliarwithbasichandgundefenseswillfindtheresponsetothisthreatverysimilar.
1.Afterdeterminingthattheweaponisindeedplacedatyourback,turntowardstheleft,withyourleftarmleadingthemotion.
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2.Asyourleftarmredirectstheweapon,continuetoreachwithyourleftandburstinverydeep,reachingyourleftarmtowardstheassailant’sunderarm.Besuretopushtheweaponoutandawayfromyourbody.
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3.Bringyourleftarmup,trappingtheassailant’sarmtoyourbody.Yourarmshouldslidetotheassailant’swristwhiledeliveringanelbowtotheassailant’sfacewithyourrightarm.
4.Followtheelbowwithmultiplecounterattacks,includingknees,kicks,etc.
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5.Maintainingcontrolandleverageonthewrist,reachoverwithyourrighthandandcovertheweaponhand.
6.Whileapplyingpressuretotheassailant’swristandshoulder,rotatetheweaponhandsothatthepalmfacesupandhisfingersareforcedopen.
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7.Withoutlosingcontactorcontrol,scrapetheknifeoutoftheassailant’shand.
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EDGEDWEAPONATTHROATFROMBEHIND(HOSTAGESITUATION)Edged-WeaponThreats
THREAT:Theassailantdrapeshisweaponarmoveryourshoulderandplacestheknifeagainstyourthroatorneck.Often,youwillbepulledbackward,compromisingbalance.
DANGER:Whiletheassailant’sintentmaybetomoveyouortakeproperty,and/orgivedemandstothirdparties,youareveryvulnerable.Withthisthreat,duetotheproximitytothecarotidarteryand/orthroat,onlyasmallmovementbytheassailantisrequiredtoinflictsevereinjuryordeath.
SOLUTION:Redirectandcontroltheweaponhandwhileturningtofacetheassailantandcounterattacking.KravMagapractitionersfamiliarwithbasic
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headlockdefenseswillfindcommonalitywithaspectsofthisdefense.
1.Bringyourhandsup,keepingthemclosetoyourbodyandconcealedfromtheassailant’ssight.
2.Reachingfirstwithyourrighthand,pluckattheassailant’swrist,redirectingtheweaponhanddownandawayfromyourneckwhileimmediatelyaddingyourlefthandforbettercontrol.Tuckyourchin.
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3.Raiseyourrightshouldertocreateadditionalspaceandleverage.
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4.Stepoutandaroundtheassailantwithyourleftleg.Yourheadandneckshouldbetightagainstthebackoftheassailant’sforearmandtricepsarea—nospace!
5.Transitionyourlefthandtocovertheweaponhandandcontrolhiswristwithyourrighthand.Stabwithyourentirebodybyadvancingtowardtheassailant.
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AbouttheContributorsDarrenLevine,a6th-degreeblackbelt,isthefounderofthenonprofitKravMagaAssociationandservesastheChiefExecutiveOfficerandU.S.ChiefInstructorofKravMagaWorldwide.Hehastrainedthousandsofciviliansandhundredsoflawenforcementandmilitarypersonnelaroundtheworld.Inaddition,DarrenisaDeputyDistrictAttorneywhohaswontheCaliforniaDeputyDistrictAttorneyoftheYearAward.Darrenhaslecturedwidelyonuse-of-forceissuesandiswell-knowninthelawenforcementcommunity.IntheLosAngelesDistrictAttorney’soffice,heservesasaseniormemberoftheCrimesAgainstPeaceOfficersSection(CAPOS),aneliteunitthatprosecutesoffenderswhomurder,orattempttomurder,policeofficers.InhisdualrolesasKravMagaChiefInstructorandasaDeputyDistrictAttorney,hehasdedicatedhislifetothesafetyofothers.
JohnWhitmanisa4th-degreeblackbeltinKravMagaandthepresidentofKravMagaWorldwide.Heholdsinstructor’sdiplomasfromboththeKravMagaAssociationofAmericaandWingateUniversityinIsrael,andhastrainedattheIsraeliMilitaryInstituteinpersonalprotectionandinstallationprotection.JohnhasbeenteachingKravMagasince1994,andhastrainedthousandsofciviliansaswellaslawenforcementandmilitaryunits,includingtheAirForceOfficeofSpecialInvestigationsAntiterroristSpecialtyTeamandtheSpecialOperationsGroupfortheJapaneseSelf-DefenseForce.Johnhasalsopublishedanumberofbooks,includingseveral24novels.
BasRutten,theauthoroftheforeword,isaDutchmixedmartialartsfighterwhoistheformerUltimateFightingChampionship(UFC)HeavyweightChampionandathree-timeKingofPancrase.HeisacertifiedMTBNThaiBoxinginstructorandaPancraseinstructor.Heisalsoa5th-degreeblackbeltinKyokushinkarateanda2nd-degreeblackbeltinTaeKwonDo.HefoundedTheBasRuttenSystemandhaswrittenseveralmartialartbooksandmadeinstructionalvideos.BashasbeenthecolorcommentatorforthePrideFightingChampionshipsinJapan,andiscurrentlythespokespersonfortheInternationalFightLeague(IFL).HeisconsideredbymanytobethebestDutchfighterinmixedmartialartshistory.