Compilation ofSediment & Soil
Standards, Criteria& Guidelines
February 1995
State of California The Resources Agency Department of Water Resources
Quality AssuranceTechnical Document 7
Department of Water ResourcesQuality Assurance/Quality Control Program
Environmental Assessment Sampling
Analysis Data Evaluation
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DE
PA
RTM
ENT OF WATER RESOU
RC
ES
State of CaliforniaThe Resources Agency
Department of Water ResourcesDivision of Local Assistance
Compilation of Sediment & SoilStandards, Criteria & Guidelines
February 1995
Douglas P. WheelerSecretary for ResourcesThe Resources Agency
David N. KennedyDirector
Department of Water Resources
Pete WilsonGovernor
State of California
Organization ...................................................... iv
Acknowledgements .........................................v
Introduction ........................................................ 1
Chapter 1California Sediment Criteria ............................... 3
Chapter 2Other State Sediment Criteria .......................... 11
Chapter 3Federal Sediment Criteria ................................. 21
Chapter 4International Sediment Criteria ....................... 31
Chapter 5Soil Criteria ........................................................... 41
Chapter 6California State Water ResourcesControl Board Leaking UndergroundFuel Tank Field Manual ...................................... 55
Chapter 7California State Water ResourcesControl Board Sediment QualityObjectives for Enclosed Bays andEstuaries of California ........................................ 57
Chapter 8California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard San Francisco Bay Region TestingRequirements for Wetland Creationand Upland Beneficial Reuse ........................... 59
Chapter 9California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard Central Valley Region DesignatedLevel Methodology .......................................... 61
ii
Table of Contents
iii
Chapter 10U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyAcid Volatile Sulfide Methodology ................. 65
Chapter 11Historical Tributyltin Data ................................... 67
Bibliography ................................................... 69
Tables1 California Sediment Criteria ....................... 4
2 Other State Sediment Criteria ................. 13
3 Federal Sediment Criteria ........................ 23
4 International Sediment Criteria ............... 33
5 Soil Criteria .................................................. 43
6 Butyltin Historical Sediment Data ............. 68
iv
State of CaliforniaPete Wilson, Governor
The Resources AgencyDouglas P. Wheeler, Secretary for Resources
Department of Water ResourcesDavid N. Kennedy, Director
John J. Silveira Robert G. PotterDeputy Director Chief Deputy Director Deputy Director
L. Lucinda Chipponeri Susan N. Weber Assistant Director for Legislation Chief Counsel
Division of Local Assistance
Carlos Madrid ...................................................................................................................................... Chief
This report was prepared under the supervision of
Richard Woodard ............................................................. Chief, Water Quality Assessment Section
by
Judith Heath ................................ Program Manager, Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program
Cassandra Enos ......................................................................................... Environmental Specialist III
with the assistance of
Tracy Latipow ................................................................................................ Former Student Assistant
Lynda Dale Herren ...................................................................... Publications and Editorial Services
Alice S. Dyer .................................................................................. Publications and Editorial Services
v
Acknowledgements
The California Department of Water Resourcesgratefully acknowledges the helpful suggestionsand material provided by the following peerreviewers:
■ Edward LongNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationBioeffects and Assessment Division
■ John MarshackRegional Water Quality Control BoardCentral Valley RegionEnvironmental/Technical Support Unit
■ Brenden McFarlandWashington Department of EcologySediment Management Unit
■ Mary ReileyEnvironmental Protection AgencyEcological Risk Assessment Branch
■ Thomas L. SealFlorida Department of Environmental ProtectionOffice of Intergovernmental Programs
■ Karen TaberskiRegional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay RegionBasin Planning/Bay Protection and Toxics Division
■ Craig WilsonState Water Resources Control BoardDivision of Water Quality
1
Introduction
Prior to the design of an adequate Quality Con-trol Program Plan for sediment and soil sam-pling, there must be agreement on the objectivesof the sampling program. This document is acompilation of United States and internationalstandards, criteria, and guidelines for assessingacceptable levels of constituents in sedimentsand soils under specific conditions. These crite-ria can be used to establish data quality objec-tives for individual studies, and to compareagainst data obtained from sediment and soilanalyses.
Explanations of the individual criteria and theiruse are provided at the beginning of each chapter.Each criterion was developed for a different use.Therefore, before using the criteria, it is importantto consider the applicability of the particularcriterion to the situation. It is recommended thatthe agencies which developed the criteria be con-tacted to confirm the appropriate use.
Chapters 1 through 4 provide descriptions ofsediment criteria and guidelines developed byvarious agencies. Tables 1 through 4 list Califor-nia and other state, federal, and internationalsediment criteria. Chapter 5 provides descrip-tions of soil criteria and guidelines listed in Table5. Chapters 6 through 10 contain information onproposed sediment and soil criteria, and sitespecific methodologies for evaluating sedimentor soil contaminant concentrations. Chapter 11discusses historical tributyltin sediment concen-trations.
This document is one of several Department ofWater Resources Quality Assurance/QualityControl Program technical reports. Othersinclude:
■ Quality Assurance Guidelines for AnalyticalLaboratories—Quality Assurance TechnicalDocument 1 (published in September 1992);
2
■ Sampling Manual for EnvironmentalMeasurement Projects—Quality AssuranceTechnical Document 2 (published in April1994);
■ Compilation of Federal and State DrinkingWater Standards and Criteria—QualityAssurance Technical Document 3 (publishedin July 1993);
■ Compendium of Water Quality Investiga-tions—Quality Assurance Technical Docu-ment 4 (published in November 1993);
■ Quality Assurance Program Plan—QualityAssurance Technical Document 5 (due forpublication in winter 1994); and
■ Guidelines for Developing Quality AssuranceProject Plans—Quality Assurance TechnicalDocument 6 (published in May 1994).
Copies of this report or any of the other technicalreports can be obtained from DWR's Bulletinsand Reports, Post Office Box 942836, Sacra-mento, California 94236-0001; phone: (916) 653-1097. ■
3
California SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of Californiasediment criteria used in Table 1 starting onpage 4.
California Regional Water QualityControl Board San Francisco BayRegion—Disposal Option SedimentScreening CriteriaIn December 1993, the California Regional WaterQuality Control Board San Francisco Bay Regionpublished Interim Sediment Screening Criteriaand Testing Requirements for Wetland Creationand Upland Beneficial Reuse. The documentprovides sediment screening criteria and testingrequirements for the beneficial reuse of dredgedmaterial such as wetlands creation and uplanddisposal. The document is intended to facilitatecreation, enhancement, and restoration of wet-lands. The criteria apply to marine and estua-rine conditions only and are not applicable forassessment of potential freshwater impacts fromsediment reuse or disposal. The screening crite-ria are not applied without consideration of site-specific factors.
The sediment screening criteria were developedusing ER-L and ER-M values from Long et al.(1990) and dredged material values typicallyfound in the Bay Area. The ER-L or tenth per-centile value is the chemical concentration belowwhich adverse biological effects may be expectedto occur 10 percent of the time. The ER-M is thechemical concentration below which adversebiological effects may be expected 50 percent ofthe time. ■
Chapter 1
4
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
ORGANICS
Abate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acenaphthene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A.
Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A.
Anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A.
BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.
α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.
β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A.
γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chrysene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
5
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDE N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDT >2.0 0.1-0.003 <0.003
Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A.
6
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A.
EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Folpet N.A N.A. N.A.
Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A.
Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A.
HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A.
Herban N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A.
Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A.
Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A.
7
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A.
Naphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's(total) N.A. 35-4 <4
PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's (low molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A.
PCB (total) >100 0.4-0.05 <0.05
Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A.
Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenathrene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A.
Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A.
8
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A.
Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A.
Solan N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A.
Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-
propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A.
Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A.
INORGANICS
Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A.
Arsenic >1,000 85-33 <33
Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A.
9
Table 1—California Sediment Criteria (continued)(values in mg/kg, dry weight)
California Regional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region
Disposal Option Sediment Screening Criteria
Class I Wetlands Wetlands CreationCreation Cover, Levee Restoration,
Noncover Landfill Daily Cover
CONTAMINANT
Barium N.A. N.A. N.A.
Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cadmium >200 9-5 <5
Chromium Total >1,000 300-220 <220
Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A.
Copper >5,000 390-90 <90
Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A.
Iron N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead >2,000 110-50 <50
Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mercury >40 1.3-0.35 <0.35
Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nickel >4,000 200-140 <140
Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A.
Selenium >200 1.4-0.7 <0.7
Silver >1,000 2.2-1.0 <1.0
Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A.
Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zinc >10,000 270-160 <160
Legend:
N.A. — Not Available
11
Other State SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of state (excludingCalifornia) sediment criteria used in Table 2starting on page 14.
Florida Department of EnvironmentalProtection—Preliminary Sediment QualityAssessment GuidelinesThe preliminary Sediment Quality AssessmentGuidelines (SQAGs) are taken from a publica-tion prepared for the Florida Department ofEnvironmental Regulation entitled Developmentof an Approach to the Assessment of SedimentQuality in Florida Coastal Waters. The SQAGswere developed to evaluate the potential forbiological effects associated with sediment-sorbed contaminants and to provide assistancein managing coastal resources. They are in-tended to assist in sediment quality assessmentapplications, such as identifying prioritynonpoint source management actions, designingwetlands restoration projects, and monitoringtrends in environmental contamination. TheSQAGs are not intended to be used as sedimentquality criteria. They do not supersede formalregulatory assessment protocols such as thoseimplemented under the federal Marine Protec-tion, Research, and Sanctuaries Act.
The effects-based SQAGs were derived using amodified version of the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Association National Status andTrends Program Approach. The SQAGs applyto marine and estuarine conditions only. Thenumerical SQAGs define three ranges of concen-trations for the contaminants: a no effects range,a possible effects range, and a probable effectsrange. Two values are used to define these
Chapter 2
12
ranges: a no observed effect level (NOEL) and aprobable effects level (PEL). The NOEL definesthe upper limit of the no effects range and thelower limit of the possible effects range. ThePEL defines the upper limit of the possibleeffects range and the lower limit of the probableeffects range.
For a copy of the guidelines, contact Thomas L.Seal, Florida Department of EnvironmentalProtection, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard,Mail Stop #46, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000;phone: (904) 488-0784.
Washington Department ofEcology—Sediment ManagementStandardsThe Washington State Sediment ManagementStandards are found in Chapter 173-204 of theWashington Administrative Code. The purposeof the standards is to reduce and ultimatelyeliminate adverse effects on biological resourcesand significant health threats to humans fromsurface sediment contamination. The followingstandards are for the protection of aquatic biotaand apply to Puget Sound marine sediment only:
Marine Sediment Quality Standards—Chemi-cal Criteria: These sediment quality standardscorrespond to a sediment quality that will resultin no adverse effects, including no acute orchronic adverse effects on biological resources.The criteria are used to initially designate asample as passing or failing the sediment qualitystandards. Additional tests may be used toconfirm the designation of a sediment.
Puget Sound Marine Sediment Impact ZoneMaximum Chemical Criteria: These criteria arethe maximum chemical concentration levels thatmay be allowed within an authorized sedimentimpact zone due to a permitted or otherwise
authorized discharge. These chemical concentra-tions correspond to a minor adverse effects level.
Puget Sound Marine Sediment CleanupScreening Levels and Minimum CleanupLevels—Chemical Criteria: These criteria estab-lish minor adverse effects as the level used toidentify contiguous sediment sampling stationsof low concern and stations of potential concern.They are identical to the above criteria. Contigu-ous stations whose average contaminant concen-trations exceed the screening levels are consid-ered stations of potential concern. Stationswhose concentrations are at or below the screen-ing levels are defined as stations of low concern.The criteria also represent the maximum allowedchemical concentration permissible at a cleanupsite, to be achieved by year 10 after completionof an active cleanup action.
The Department of Ecology is currently in theprocess of developing chemical criteria forfreshwater sediment and criteria for the protec-tion of human health.
For a copy of the Standards, contact BrendenMcFarland, Washington Department of Ecology,Post Office Box 47600, Olympia, Washington98504-7600; phone: (206) 407-6000. ■
13
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
ORGANICS
Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acenaphthene 22 450 16 57
Acenaphthylene N.A. N.A. 66 66
Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Anthracene 85 740 220 1200
Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)anthracene 160 1,300 110 270
Benzo(a)pyrene 230 1,700 99 210
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. 31 78
Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzofluoranthenes(total)c N.A. N.A. 230 450
Benzoic acid N.A. N.A. 650d 650d
Benzyl alcohol N.A. N.A. 57d 73d
BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. 47 78
Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
14
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
Butyl benzyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 4.9 64
Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chrysene 220 1,700 110 460
Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDE 1.7 130 N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDT 4.5 270 N.A. N.A.
Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 31 320 12 33
Dibenzofuran N.A. N.A. 15 58
Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 2.3 2.3
1,4-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 3.1 9
2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
15
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 61 110
Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dimethyl phenol N.A. N.A. 29d 29d
Dimethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 53 53
Di-n-butyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 220 1700
Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Di-n-octyl phthalate N.A. N.A. 58 4500
Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluoranthene 380 3,200 160 1200
Fluorene 18 460 23 79
Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
16
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. 0.38 2.3
Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. 3.9 6.2
Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. 34 88
Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2-Methylnaphthalene N.A. N.A. 38 64
2-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. 63d 63d
4-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. 670d 670d
Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
17
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
Naphthalene 130 1,100 99 170
Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N-nitrosodiphenylamine N.A. N.A. 11 11
PAH's(total) 2,900 28,000 N.A. N.A.
PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. 960 5300
PAH's (low molecular wt.) 250 2,400 370 780
PCB (total) 24 260 12 65
Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. 360d 690d
Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenathrene 140 1,200 100 480
Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenol N.A. N.A. 420d 1200d
Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pyrene 290 1,900 1000 1400
18
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. 0.81 1.8
Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-
propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
INORGANICS
Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Arsenic 8 64 57 93
Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Barium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cadmium 1 7.5 5.1 6.7
Chromium Total 33 240 260 270
19
Table 2—Other State Sediment Criteria (continued)
Legend:
a units for inorganics are mg/kg (ppm), dry weightb units for inorganics are mg/kg, dry weightc the total benzofluoranthenes criterion represents the sum of the concentrations of the “B,” “J,” and
“K” isomersd units are in µg/kg dry weighte picograms per gram (pg/g)
NOEL = No Observable Effects LevelPEL = Probable Effects LevelN.A. = Not Available
Florida Dept. of Environmental Washington Department ofProtection Ecology
Sediment Quality Guidelines Sediment ManagementMarine & Estuarine Sediments Standards for Marine Sediment
(µg/kg, dry weight)a (mg/kgoc)b
NOEL PEL Quality Standards Impact Zones Maximum andCleaning Screening Levels
CONTAMINANT
Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Copper 28 170 390 390
Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Iron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead 21 160 450 530
Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mercury 0.1 1.4 0.41 0.59
Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nickel N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Silver 0.5 2.5 6.1 6.1
Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zinc 68 300 410 960
21
Federal SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of the federalsediment guidelines found in Table 3 starting onpage 29.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Region V—Guidelines for ClassifyingSediments of Great Lakes HarborsThe guidelines for the evaluation of Great Lakesharbor sediments were developed as interimguidelines to aid in decisions regarding disposalof dredged material. Sediments are classified asnonpolluted, moderately polluted, or heavilypolluted. The overall classification of the sampleis based on the most predominant classificationof the individual parameters, with the exceptionof mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls.Because of the known bioaccumulation of mer-cury and PCBs, if the guideline values for eitherare exceeded, the sediments are classified aspolluted and unacceptable for open lake dis-posal, regardless of the concentrations of otherparameters. The guidelines apply to sedimentsin the Great Lakes harbors only.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Proposed Sediment Quality CriteriaThe Sediment Quality Criteria are taken from theU.S. EPA's Proposed Sediment Quality Criteriafor the Protection of Benthic Organisms. SQCare proposed to provide protection to benthicorganisms from chemicals associated with sedi-ments. They are EPA's best recommendation ofthe concentrations of a substance in sedimentthat will not unacceptably affect benthic organ-isms. The criteria were established for bothfreshwater and marine sediments and are basedon the biologically available concentration of the
Chapter 3
22
substance in sediments. These criteria do notprotect against additive, synergistic, antagonis-tic, or bioaccumulative effects of contaminants toaquatic life or human health.
SQC were developed for nonionic organicchemicals using an equilibrium partitioningmethod. The SQC are expressed as microgramsper gram of organic carbon (µg/goc). SQC areintended to apply to sediments permanentlyinundated with water, intertidal sediments, andsediments inundated periodically for durationssufficient to permit development of benthicassemblages.
Until final SQC are developed, these criteriashould only be used to support site specificassessments for sediments that are consistentwith assumptions on which these SQC are devel-oped. ■
23
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
ORGANICS
Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acenaphthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 130 230
Acenaphthylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzofluoranthenes(total)b N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzoic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzyl alcohol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A N.A.
Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Butyl benzyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
24
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chlordane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chrysene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDE N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDT N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
DDT (total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dibenzofuran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
25
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dieldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 11 20
Diethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dimethyl phenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dimethyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Di-n-butyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Di-n-octyl phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.2 0.76
EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 620 300
Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
26
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Heterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lindane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2-Methylnaphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
4-Methylphenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Naphthalene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
N-nitrosodiphenylamine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's(total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's (high molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's (low molecular wt.) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
PCB (total) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
27
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenathrene N.A. N.A. N.A. 180 240
Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
28
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-
propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
INORGANICS N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ammonia <75 75-200 >200 N.A. N.A.
Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Arsenic <3 3-8 >8 N.A. N.A.
Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Barium <20 20-60 >60 N.A. N.A.
Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cadmium N.A. N.A. >6 N.A. N.A.
Chromium Total <25 25-75 >75 N.A. N.A.
Chromium III N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chromium VI N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
COD <40,000 40,000-80,000 >80,000 N.A. N.A.
Copper <25 25-50 >50 N.A. N.A.
Cyanide <0.10 0.10-0.25 >0.25 N.A. N.A.
Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Iron <17,000 17,000-25,000 >25,000 N.A. N.A.
Lead <40 40-60 >60 N.A. N.A.
Manganese <300 300-500 >500 N.A. N.A.
29
Table 3—Federal Sediment Criteria (continued)
Legend:
a micrograms per gram organic carbon (µg/goc)
b the total benzofluoranthenes criterion represents the sum of the concentrations of the “B,” “J,” and“K” isomers.
N.A. — Not Available
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region V U. S. Environmental ProtectionAgency
Guidelines for Classifying Sediments of Great Lakes Sediment Quality CriteriaHarbors (µg/kg, dry weight) (µg/goc)
a
Nonpolluted Mod. Polluted Heavily Polluted Freshwater Marine
CONTAMINANT
Mercury <1.0 N.A. >1.0 N.A. N.A.
Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nickel <20 20-50 >50 N.A. N.A.
Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl <1,000 1,000-2,000 >2,000 N.A. N.A.
Oil and Grease <1,000 1,000-2,000 >2,000 N.A. N.A.
Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Silver N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Volatile Solids <5% 5-8% >8% N.A. N.A.
Zinc <90 90-200 >200 N.A. N.A.
31
International SedimentCriteriaThe following is a description of the interna-tional guidelines found in Table 4 starting onpage 39.
Long and Others—Sediment QualityGuidelinesLong, et al. have developed sediment qualityguidelines for 9 trace metals, total polychlori-nated biphenyls (PCBs), 2 pesticides, 13 poly-nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 3classes of PAHs. These values are published inIncidence of Adverse Biological Effects withinRanges of Chemical Concentrations in Marineand Estuarine Sediments. These guidelines weredeveloped using an updated and refined versionof a sediment chemistry/biological effects data-base compiled by Long and Morgan (1990).
For development of the new guidelines, thedatabase used by Long and Morgan (1990) wasrefined by excluding data from freshwater stud-ies and including data from additional sites,biological test end points, and contaminants.Numerous reports were reviewed and screened;a total of 89 reports were included in the data-base. The studies included were conductedthroughout North America, including California,Washington, and British Columbia.
The approach to developing the guidelinesinvolved three steps: (1) assemble, evaluate, andcollate all available information in which mea-sures of adverse biological effects and chemicalconcentrations in sediments were reported; (2)identify the ranges in chemical concentrationsthat were rarely, occasionally, or frequentlyassociated with effects; and (3) determine the
Chapter 4
32
incidence of biological effects within each of theranges in concentrations for each chemical as anestimate of guideline accuracy.
Two values were developed for each chemical orchemical group. The lower tenth percentile ofthe effects data for each chemical was identifiedand referred to as the effects range-low (ERL).The median, or fiftieth percentile, of the effectsdata was identified and referred to as the effectsrange-median (ERM). The concentrations belowthe ERL value represent a minimal-effects range,a range intended to estimate conditions in whicheffects would be rarely observed. Concentra-tions equal to and above the ERL but below theERM represent a possible-effects range withinwhich effects would occasionally occur. Finally,the concentrations equivalent to and above theERM value represent a probable-effects rangewithin which effects would frequently occur.
This method is currently being used as a basisfor developing national sediment quality guide-lines for Canada and informal sediment qualityguidelines for Florida.
For more information, contact Edward Long atthe Coastal Monitoring and Bioeffects Assess-ment Division, National Oceanic and Atmo-spheric Administration, Bin C15700, 7600 SandPoint Way Northeast, Seattle, Washington98115; phone: (206)526-6338.
Ontario, Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment—Ontario ProvincialSediment Quality GuidelinesThe Provincial Sediment Quality Guidelineswere taken from Guidelines for the Protectionand Management of Aquatic Sediment Qualityin Ontario. The guidelines were developed forprotection of aquatic biological resources. Thebiologically based guidelines have been derived
to protect those organisms that are directlyimpacted by contaminated sediment, namely thebenthic species. They are intended to provideguidance during decision-making in relation tosediment issues, ranging from prevention toremedial action. ■
33
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
ORGANICS
Abate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acenaphthene 16 500 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acenaphthylene 44 640 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Acetaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Aldrin N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.002 8
Amiben N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Anthracene 85.3 1,100 N.A. 0.220 370
Atrazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzene(a)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Benzo(a)anthracene 261 1,600 N.A. 0.320 1,480
Benzo(a)pyrene 430 1,600 N.A. 0.370 1,440
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.170 320
Benzo(k)fluoranthene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.240 1,340
BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.003 12
α-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.006 10
β-BHC N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 21
γ-BHC (See Lindane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bis(2-ethlyhexyl)phthalate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Bromophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Butylate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Carbaryl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chloramp N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Chlordane N.A. N.A. 0.005 0.007 6
34
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
Chrysene 384 2,800 N.A. 0.340 460
Cresols N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cumene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cyanophos (Cyanox) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cycloate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-D ammonium salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dacthal N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dalapon sodium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
p,p'-DDD N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.008 6
p,p' -DDE 2.2 27 N.A. 0.005 19
p,p'-DDT N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 12
DDT (total) 1.58 46.1 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Desmetryn N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diazinon (Bausdin) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 63.4 260 N.A. 0.060 130
Dicamba N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dicofol (Kelthane) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dichlorvos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dieldrin N.A. N.A. 0.0006 0.002 91
1,4-Dioxane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dihydroheptachlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
35
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
Dimethoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dinobuton N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Dioxin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Diuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endosulfan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Endrin N.A. N.A. 0.0005 0.003 130
EPTC (Eptam) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Etaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Ethylenedibromide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fenuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluoranthene 600 5,100 N.A. 0.750 1,020
Fluorene 19 540 N.A. 0.190 160
Folpet N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Formaldehyde N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Glyphosate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) N.A. N.A. 0.01 0.02 24
Heptachlor N.A. N.A. 0.0003 N.A. N.A.
Heptachlor Epoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 5
Herban N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hterophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorobutadiene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Hexachlorocyclohexane N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.200 320
Kepone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lead compounds, organic N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
36
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
Lenacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Lindane N.A. N.A. 0.0002 0.003e 1e
Linuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Malathion (Carbophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Metathione N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methaphos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methylethylketone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2-Methyl naphthalene 70 670 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Methoxychlor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Mirex N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 130
Monolinuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Monuron N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Naphthalene 160 2,100 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nitrofor N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's(total) 4,022 44,792 N.A. 4 10,000
PAH's (high molecular wt.) 1,700 9,600 N.A. N.A. N.A.
PAH's (low molecular wt.) 552 3,160 N.A. N.A. N.A.
PCB (total) 22.7 180 0.01 0.07 530
PCB 1254e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.06 34
PCB 1248e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.03 150
PCB 1016e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.007 53
PCB 1260e N.A. N.A. N.A. 0.005 24
Pebulate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pentachlorophenol N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Permethrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
37
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
Phenathrene 240 1,500 N.A. 0.560 950
Phenazon N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phenthoate N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosalone N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phosphorous Pentoxide N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Phthalophos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Picloram N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimicarb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pirimiphos-methyl N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polychloropinewe N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Polytriazin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Prometrin N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Propanid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Pyrene 665 2,600 N.A. 0.490 850
Simazine N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Solan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDD N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
2,3,7,8 TCDF N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tenoran N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Terbacil N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichloroethylene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toluene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Toxaphene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trichlorfon (Chlorophos) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
38
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy-
propionic acid N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Trifluralin (Treflan) N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Yalan N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zineb N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
INORGANICS N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Antimony N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Arsenic 8.2 70 N.A. 6 33
Asbestos N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Barium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Beryllium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Cadmium 1.2 9.6 N.A. 0.6 10
Chromium 81 370 N.A. 26 110
Cobalt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Copper 34 270 N.A. 16 110
Fluorene N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Fluoride salt N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Iron N.A. N.A. N.A. 21,200 43,766
Lead 46.7 218 N.A. 31 250
Manganese N.A. N.A. N.A. 460 1,100
Mercury 0.15 0.71 N.A. 0.2 2.0
Molybdenum N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Nickel 20.9 51.6 N.A. 16 75
Nitrates N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Selenium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
39
Table 4—International Sediment Criteria (continued)
Legend:
a Units for inorganics are mg/kg (ppm) dry weight.
b A No Effect Level (NEL µg/g) at which no toxic effects have been observed in aquatic organisms.This is the level at which all biological resources will be protected. This level meets other waterquality and use guidelines. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s Sediment Quality Guidelines.
c A Lowest Effect Level (LEL µg/g) indicating a level of sediment contamination at which themajority of benthic organisms are unaffected. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s ProvincialSediment Quality Guidelines.
d A Severe Effect Level (SEL µg/goc) indicating the level at which pronounced disturbance of thesediment dwelling community can be expected. Values represent Ontario, Canada’s ProvincialSediment Quality Guidelines.
e Tentative guidelines.
N.A. — Not Available
Long et al. Ontario Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment
Sediment Quality Guidelines Ontario Provincial Sediment Quality(ppb, dry weight)a Guidelines (ppm dry weight)
ERL ERM No Effect Lowest Severe EffectLevelb Effect Levelc Leveld
CONTAMINANT
Silver 1.0 3.7 N.A. N.A. N.A.
Thallium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Vanadium N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Zinc 150 410 N.A. 120 820
41
Chapter 5Soil CriteriaThe following is a description of the soil guide-lines found in Table 5 starting on page 43. Theprevious chapters discussed the sediment crite-ria.
California Department of ToxicSubstances and Control—Characteristicsof Hazardous WasteTotal Threshold Limit Concentrations: TheTotal Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLCs)are standards listed in the California Code ofRegulations (CCR), Title 22, Chapter 11 "Identifi-cation and Listing of Hazardous Waste." Thestandards are for use in classifying a waste ashazardous. The TTLCs are enforceable; anywaste exceeding a TTLC is classified as a hazard-ous or extremely hazardous waste in the State ofCalifornia.
Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations: Aswith the TTLCs, the Soluble Threshold LimitConcentrations (STLCs) are listed in the CCR,Title 22, Chapter 11, and are for use in classify-ing a waste as hazardous. However, STLC is forthe concentration of the constituent in the wasteextract, as determined using the Waste Extrac-tion Test (WET). WET is described in CCR, Title22, Chapter 11, Appendix II. This test measuresthe amount of extractable substance in a waste orother material. Any waste extract with concen-trations exceeding the STLC is classified as ahazardous waste in the State of California.
New Jersey Department of EnvironmentalProtection—Guidelines for Drinking WaterProtectionThe guidelines are from the New Jersey Depart-ment of Environmental Protection's Summary ofApproaches to Soil Cleanup Levels. They are
42
nonenforceable guidelines designed to identifypotential contamination problems. The guide-lines were derived by considering backgroundconcentrations and selecting a multiple of thebackground concentrations, thought to ensurethat concentrations in ground water would notviolate drinking water standards.
Ontario, Canada's Ministry of theEnvironment—Criteria for Protection ofHuman HealthThese criteria are taken from an unpublishedreport Inventory of Cleanup Criteria and Meth-ods to Select Criteria. They are intended toprotect human health during the dismantling ofindustrial sites. The criteria were set to ensurethat human intake through inhalation of dustand other exposures would not exceed dailyintake levels. The criteria were based on anexposure model for human health.
USSR State Committee for Scienceand Technology—Allowable SoilConcentrations in the Former Soviet UnionThe allowable soil concentrations are taken fromMaximum Allowable Concentrations and Tenta-tive Safe Exposure Levels of Harmful Substancesin the Environmental Media. The concentrationsin soil were set to protect plants, water, and airfrom contamination by harmful substances inthe soil, as well as to protect the soil's composi-tion and biological properties. ■
43
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia(v
alu
es
in m
g/k
g u
nle
ss o
the
rwis
e n
ote
d)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
OR
GA
NIC
S
Aba
teN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.6
Ace
nap
hthe
neN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Ace
tald
ehyd
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.10
N.A
.
Ald
rin
1.4
0.14
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Am
iben
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05
Ant
hrac
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Atr
azin
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
Ben
zene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
040-
0.13
0.3
N.A
.
Ben
zene
(a)p
yren
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.00
4-0.
005
N.A
.N
.A.
Ben
zo(a
)ant
hrac
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Ben
zo(a
)pyr
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.02
N.A
.
Ben
zo(g
,h,i)
per
ylen
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
44
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Ben
zo(k
)flu
oran
then
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
BH
CN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
α-B
HC
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
β-B
HC
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
γ-B
HC
(Se
e L
ind
ane)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Bis
(2-e
thly
hexy
l)p
htha
late
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.70
-5,0
00N
.A.
N.A
.
Bro
mop
hos
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
4
Bu
tyla
teN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.6
Car
bary
lN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05N
.A.
Chl
oram
pN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05N
.A.
Chl
ord
ane
2.5
0.25
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Chr
ysen
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
470
N.A
.N
.A.
Cre
sols
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.70
0N
.A.
N.A
.
Cu
men
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
45
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Cya
nop
hos
(Cya
nox)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
4
Cyc
loat
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
8N
.A.
2,4-
DN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1N
.A.
2,4-
D a
mm
oniu
m s
alt
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.25
N.A
.
Dac
thal
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1
Dal
apon
sod
ium
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
p,p
'-DD
D1.
00.
1N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
p,p
'-DD
E1.
00.
1N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
p,p
'-DD
EN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
p,p
'-DD
T1.
00.
1N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1N
.A.
Des
met
ryn
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
6
Dia
zino
n (B
ausd
in)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.2
N.A
.
Dib
enzo
(a,h
)ant
hrac
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Dic
amba
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.25
N.A
.
46
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Dic
ofol
(Kel
than
e)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1.
0N
.A.
2,4-
Dic
hlor
ophe
nol
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.05
N.A
.
2,4-
Dic
hlor
ophe
noxy
ace
tic
acid
100
10N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Dic
hlor
vos
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1
Die
ldri
n8.
00.
8N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
1,4-
Dio
xane
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.5.
80-1
2.2
N.A
.N
.A.
Dih
ydro
hep
tach
lor
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
Dim
etho
ate
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.3
N.A
.
Din
obu
ton
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
1.0
N.A
.
Dio
xin
0.01
0.00
1N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Diu
ron
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
6
End
osu
lfan
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1
End
rin
0.2
0.02
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
EP
TC
(Ep
tam
)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
9N
.A.
47
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Eta
pho
sN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.1
Eth
ylen
edib
rom
ide
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
0000
6N
.A.
N.A
.
Fenu
ron
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
1.8
N.A
.
Flu
oran
then
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Flu
oren
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Folp
etN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.3
Form
ald
ehyd
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.7.
0N
.A.
Gly
pho
sate
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
HC
B (H
exac
hlor
oben
zene
)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Hep
tach
lor
4.7
0.47
N.A
.N
.A.
0.05
N.A
.
Hep
tach
lor
Ep
oxid
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Her
ban
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
7
Het
erop
hos
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.0
.05
N.A
.
Hex
achl
orob
uta
die
neN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
48
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Hex
achl
oroc
yclo
hexa
neN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1N
.A.
Ind
eno(
1,2,
3-cd
)pyr
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Kep
one
212.
1N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Lea
d c
omp
ound
s, o
rgan
ic13
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Len
acil
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1
Lin
dan
e4.
00.
4N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1N
.A.
Lin
uro
nN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1.
0N
.A.
Mal
athi
on (C
arbo
pho
s)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.2
N.A
.
Met
athi
one
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
1.0
N.A
.
Met
hap
hos
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.1
N.A
.
Met
hyle
thyl
keto
neN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
52N
.A.
N.A
.
Met
hoxy
chlo
r10
010
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Mir
ex21
2.1
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Mon
olin
uro
nN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.7
49
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Mon
uro
nN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.6
Nap
htha
lene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.5,
400
N.A
.N
.A.
Nit
rofo
rN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.2
PA
H's
(tot
al)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
PA
H's
(hig
h m
olec
ula
r w
t.)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
PA
H's
(low
mol
ecu
lar
wt.)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
PC
B (t
otal
)50
5.0
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Peb
ula
teN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.6
Pen
tach
loro
phe
nol
171.
7N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Per
met
hrin
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05
Phe
nath
rene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1,
870
N.A
.N
.A.
Phe
nazo
nN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.7
Phe
ntho
ate
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
4
Pho
salo
neN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
50
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Pho
spho
rou
s P
ento
xid
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.20
0N
.A.
Pht
halo
pho
sN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
1N
.A.
Pic
lora
mN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05N
.A.
Pir
imic
arb
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.3
N.A
.
Pir
imip
hos-
met
hyl
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
Pol
ychl
orop
inew
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
Pol
ytri
azin
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.01
N.A
.
Pro
met
rin
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
Pro
pan
idN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1.
5N
.A.
Pyr
ene
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Sim
azin
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
2N
.A.
Sola
nN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.6
2,3,
7,8
TC
DD
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
2,3,
7,8
TC
DF
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
51
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Ten
oran
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
4
Ter
baci
lN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.4
Tet
rach
lorv
inp
hos
(Gar
don
a)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1.
4N
.A.
Tol
uen
eN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
3N
.A.
Tox
aphe
ne5
0.5
N.A
.N
.A.
0.5
N.A
.
Tri
chlo
rfon
(C
hlor
opho
s)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.0.
5N
.A.
Tri
chlo
roet
hyle
ne2,
040
204
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
2,4,
5-T
rich
loro
phe
noxy
-
pro
pio
nic
acid
101.
0N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Tri
flu
ralin
(Tre
flan
)N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.1
Yal
anN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
0.9
Zin
ebN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1.
8N
.A.
INO
RG
AN
ICS
Ant
imon
y50
015
N.A
.N
.A.
4.5
N.A
.
Ars
enic
500
5.0
20N
.A.
2.0
N.A
.
52
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Asb
esto
s1.
0(as
%)
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Bar
ium
10,0
00b
100
400
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Ber
ylliu
m75
0.75
1N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Cad
miu
m10
01.
03
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Chr
omiu
m T
otal
N.A
.N
.A.
100
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Chr
omiu
m I
II2,
500
5N
.A.
N.A
.0.
05N
.A.
Chr
omiu
m V
I50
05
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Cob
alt
8,00
080
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Cop
per
2,50
025
170
N.A
.3.
0N
.A.
Flu
orid
e sa
lt18
,000
180
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Iron
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Lea
d1,
000
5.0
250-
1,00
0N
.A.
20.0
N.A
.
Man
gane
seN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.1,
500
N.A
.
Mer
cury
200.
21
N.A
.2.
1N
.A.
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
53
Leg
end
:
aT
TL
C a
nd S
TL
C v
alue
s ar
e ca
lcul
ated
on
the
conc
entr
atio
ns o
f the
ele
men
ts—
not t
he c
ompo
und
s.b
Exc
lud
ing
bari
um s
ulfa
tes.
N.A
. — N
ot A
vaila
ble
Tab
le 5
—So
il C
riter
ia (c
ont
inue
d)
(va
lue
s in
mg
/kg
unl
ess
oth
erw
ise
no
ted
)
Cal
ifor
nia
Dep
artm
ent o
fN
ew Je
rsey
Dep
t. of
Ont
ario
, Can
ada'
sU
SSR
Sta
te C
omm
itte
e fo
r Sc
ienc
e an
dT
oxic
Su
bsta
nces
Con
trol
aE
nvir
onm
enta
lM
inis
try
of th
eT
echn
olog
yP
rote
ctio
nE
nvir
onm
ent
TT
LC
sST
LC
sG
uid
elin
es fo
rC
rite
ria
for
Pro
tect
ion
Allo
wab
le S
oil C
once
ntra
tion
s in
the
Form
er(w
et(m
g/L
)D
rink
ing
Wat
erof
Hu
man
Hea
lth
Sovi
et U
nion
wei
ght)
Pro
tect
ion
Max
imu
m A
llow
able
Ten
tati
ve A
llow
able
Con
cent
rati
ons
Con
cent
rati
ons
CO
NT
AM
INA
NT
Mol
ybd
enu
m3,
500
350
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Nic
kel
2,00
020
100
N.A
.4.
0N
.A.
Nit
rate
sN
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.13
0N
.A.
Sele
niu
m10
01.
04
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Silv
er50
05
5N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
Tha
lliu
m70
07.
0N
.A.
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
Van
adiu
m2,
400
24N
.A.
N.A
.15
0N
.A.
Zin
c5,
000
250
350
N.A
.N
.A.
N.A
.
55
Chapter 6California State WaterResources ControlBoard LeakingUnderground Fuel TankField ManualThe Leaking Underground Fuel Tank FieldManual was prepared by the State Water Re-sources Control Board in conjunction with theCalifornia Department of Health Services in aneffort to establish procedures for determiningwhether an underground storage fuel tank site isclean and safe, so as to protect public health andthe environment. It deals with gasoline anddiesel fuel products only, including: benzene,toluene, xylene, ethylene (BTX&E), and totalpetroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The manualprovides a guideline for determining site specificsoil cleanup levels for the protection of groundwater.
The soil cleanup levels were developed usingenvironmental fate and chemistry data forBTX&E. The site-specific cleanup levels arebased on several site features: depth to groundwater, subsurface fractures, precipitation, man-made conduits, and unique site-specific featuressuch as recharge area, coarse soil, nearby wells,etc. The guidelines are valid for soil concentra-tions below 100, 80, and 40 ppb for benzene,toluene, and xylene and ethylene, respectively.If soil concentrations exceed these values, analternative risk appraisal should be considered.
In addition to soil cleanup guidelines, the LUFTfield manual also provides criteria for hazardouswaste classification of contaminated soil. In the
56
past, DHS has set a TPH concentration of 1,000mg/kg in soil as a hazardous waste classificationcriterion. At this time, DHS is researching theissue with the objective of reassessing thisthreshold value. Until this issue is resolved, theLUFT Task Force recommends that a value of1,000 mg/kg TPH be used to classify soil as ahazardous waste until new criteria are set. ■
57
Chapter 7California State WaterResources ControlBoard SedimentQuality Objectives forEnclosed Bays andEstuaries of CaliforniaThe California State Water Resources ControlBoard is currently developing sediment qualityobjectives for enclosed bays and estuaries in theState of California. Information regarding theobjectives is in Workplan for the Development ofSediment Quality Objectives for Enclosed Baysand Estuaries of California. The purpose of thesediment quality objectives will be to protect thebeneficial uses of bays and estuaries from theadverse affects of toxic substances.
The approach is to bring several estimators ofsediment quality together into a single sedimentquality objective. The estimators of sedimentquality which will be used include the "Equilib-rium Partitioning Approach" from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, the "Appar-ent Effects Threshold Approach" developed foruse in Puget Sound, and the "Spiked BioassayApproach" used for general characterization oftoxicity responses. An uncertainty factor will beincorporated to account for any disagreement ofthe data. The combination of these three meth-ods balances the uncertainties and limitations ofany one method by incorporating the strengthsof the other two methods to produce a singlevalue.
58
For more information, contact Craig Wilson atthe State Water Resources Control Board, PostOffice Box 100, Sacramento, California 95812-0100; phone: (916) 657-1108. ■
59
Chapter 8California RegionalWater Quality ControlBoard San FranciscoBay Region TestingRequirements forWetland Creation andUpland BeneficialReuseThe California Regional Water Quality ControlBoard San Francisco Bay Region's documentSediment Screening Criteria and Testing Re-quirements for Wetland Creation and UplandBeneficial Reuse provides testing requirementsfor different dredge material disposal options.Each disposal option has specific dredged mate-rial testing requirements. Some testing require-ments are common to all disposal options. Alldredging projects are required to complete thetesting requirements contained in Public Notice92-7, "Interim Testing Procedures for EvaluatingDredged Material Disposal in San Francisco Bay"(USACOE/USEPA/SFBRWQCB/BCDC, 1992),except for the biological testing. Additionaltesting requirements for each disposal option arediscussed below.
Wetlands Creation CoverIn addition to the standard requirements, thefollowing tests shall be part of the dredgingprojects for Wetlands Creation Cover material:
■ 10-day solid phase bioassay test (ASTMMethod E1367-90)
60
■ Modified Waste Extraction Test (WET)procedure Title 22, Division 4.5, Chapter 11,Appendix II
Wetlands Creation NoncoverA leach test on the dredged material shall also bepart of the dredging projects proposed for Wet-lands Creation Noncover material. The leachtest employed should include procedures forleachate extraction under reduced as well asoxidized conditions.
Class III LandfillDredged material for disposal at a Class IIIlandfill has to meet the testing requirements andsediment screening criteria of the individuallandfill. One acceptable testing procedure is theRegional Water Control Board's DesignatedLevel Methodology. This methodology takesinto consideration the WET extractable concen-tration from the material and an attenuationfactor. The procedure is site and material spe-cific (see Chapter 9).
Class II LandfillDredged material proposed for disposal at aClass II landfill has to meet the testing require-ments of the individual landfill. In general, if amaterial fails to be accepted at a Class III landfilland is below the concentrations of a hazardouswaste, it is acceptable for disposal at a Class IIlandfill.
Class I LandfillDredged material proposed for disposal at aClass I landfill has to meet the testing require-ments of the individual landfill. In general, if amaterial contains concentrations greater thanthose listed in Title 22, Section 66699(a), then thematerial is hazardous and must be disposed of ata Class I facility.
Definition of Dredged Material as InertWasteDredged material will be considered inert wasteif the following criteria are met:
1. It has contaminant concentrations less thanthose listed for Wetlands Creation Covermaterial and it passes the 10-day solid-phasebioassay test;
or
2. It is within the concentrations for theWetlands Creation Noncover material, and itpasses the leach test.
Definitions relating to Class I, II, and III landfills,and inert waste are found in the California Codeof Regulations, Title 23, Division 3, Chapter 15.
For more information contact Karen Taberski,Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Fran-cisco Bay Region, 2101 Webster Street, Suite 500,Oakland, California 94612; phone (510) 286-1346.■
61
California RegionalWater Quality ControlBoard Central ValleyRegion DesignatedLevel MethodologyThe Regional Water Quality Control BoardCentral Valley Region's Designated Level Meth-odology for Waste Classification and CleanupLevel Determination establishes a method forclassifying wastes and determining the degree towhich a contaminated site should be cleaned orto which remedial action is necessary. Themethodology defines the lower boundary of the"designated waste" classification (Title 23, Cali-fornia Code of Regulations, Division 3, Chapter15 "Discharges of Waste to Land") by establish-ing "Designated Levels." These levels are con-centrations of waste constituents above which awaste is presumed to pose a threat to waterquality at the site being considered. Wastesclassified as "designated waste" are required tohave Class II containment. The DesignatedLevels can also be used to determine the neces-sity of cleanup or mitigative measures for waterquality protection at sites with soil contamina-tion.
Designated Levels are "measures of the mini-mum concentrations of waste constituentswhich, upon accounting for environmentalattenuation at the proposed site of discharge,have the potential to cause the water qualitygoals for the constituents to be equalled or ex-ceeded in ground and/or surface waters"(Marshack, 1989). The designated levels arebased on water quality goals and environmental
Chapter 9
62
attenuation factors. Water quality goals arenumerical parameters indicating the mandatedwater quality for the proposed site. In manycases, the background water quality is appropri-ate for water quality goals. In other cases, sev-eral water quality criteria and standards existthat are designed to protect a number of benefi-cial uses.
Environmental attenuation factors approximatethe degree of expected attenuation under reason-able worst-case conditions at the site. Severalcharacteristics influence the environmental fateof a constituent: Depth to ground water, netrecharge, characteristics of the vadose zone,pollutant characteristics, topography, etc. At-tenuation factors are derived using site andconstituent specific information. However, incases where resources may not permit a detailedenvironmental fate analysis, a "generic" environ-mental attenuation factor should be used. The"generic" environmental attenuation factor isbased on the degree of natural water qualityprotection, as seen in the following:
Degree of Water AttenuationQuality Protection Factor
Very Low 1Less than Average 1-10Average 100Very High* 1000
* also for constituents that are known to havea much greater than average degree ofenvironmental attenuation.
Two types of Designated Levels exist, theSoluble Designated Level and the Total Desig-nated Level. The Soluble Designated Level iscompared with extractable concentrations ofcontaminants in the solid waste. The extractable
concentrations are determined using the WETprocedure from Title 22, Division 4.5, Chapter11, Appendix II of the CCR. The Total Desig-nated Level is calculated for comparison withtotal constituent concentrations at the site. Themethods for determining Soluble DesignatedLevels and Total Designated Levels are givenbelow:
Soluble Designated Levels
NOTE: The factor of 10 represents the dilutionscaused by the WET procedure.
Total Designated LevelIn addition to the water quality goal and envi-ronmental attenuation factor, the Total Desig-nated Level takes another factor into consider-ation, the leachability factor. The leachabilityfactor is equal to the total constituent concentra-tion divided by the leachable constituent concen-tration.
NOTE: The Leachable Constituent Concentra-tion must be converted into mg/kg by multiply-ing by the dilution of the WET procedure.
In cases when information on the leachablefraction is unavailable, the leachability factormust be approximated. The recommended"generic" leachability factors are:
■ Volatile Organics—1 fold Leachability Factor
Soluble = Water x EnvironmentalDesignated Quality Attenuation/10Level for a Goal FactorConstituent of (mg/L)a Solid Waste(mg/L of WET extract)
Leachability Factor = Total Constituent Concentration Leachable Constituent Concentration
63
■ Organics—10 fold Leachability Factor■ Inorganics—100 fold Leachability Factor
The Total Designated Level for a constituent is:
The Regional Water Quality Control Boardprovides the following guidelines for comparingSoluble Designated Level and Total DesignatedLevel Results:
■ If the total concentration of a constituentof a solid waste equals or exceeds the TotalDesignated Level but the extractable concen-tration of the constituent does not exceed theSoluble Designated Level, the waste shouldnot be classified as a "designated waste,"since it is the extractable or soluble constitu-ent concentration that has the potential toadversely impact water quality.
■ If the total concentration of a constituentin a solid waste is less than ten times theSoluble Designated Level for the constituent,it would be unlikely for the extractable con-stituent concentration from the WET to equalor exceed the Soluble Designated Level,assuming sample homogeneity. Therefore,extraction testing would be unnecessary andthe waste would not be considered a "desig-nated waste."
The threat to water quality posed by constituentsof a contaminated soil is similar to the threat
posed by constituents of a solid waste in anunlined landfill or waste pile. Therefore, byderiving site-specific Designated Levels forconstituents of contaminated soils, the necessity
for cleanup or mitigativemeasures for water qualityprotection can be assessed.
For more information on theDesignated Level Methodol-ogy, contact Jon Marshack atthe Central Valley RegionalWater Quality Control Board,3443 Routier Road, Suite A,
Rancho Cordova, California 95827-3098; phone:(916) 255-3123. ■
Total Designated Soluble Designated Level Leachability Level (mg/kg) = (mg/L of WET extract) x Factor x 10
or
Total Designated Water Environmental Leachability Level (mg/kg) = Quality x Attenuation x Factor
Goal Factor
65
Chapter 10U.S. EnvironmentalProtection AgencyAcid Volatile SulfideMethodologyThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency iscurrently developing a methodology for deter-mining sediment criteria for divalent cationicmetal contaminants in anoxic sediments. Themethod focuses on the role solid phase sulfidesplay in controlling the bioavailability of toxicmetals.
EPA's Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) method mea-sures the amount of reactive solid phase sulfides.These sulfides are available to bind with metalssuch as nickel, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, andmercury. Cold hydrochloric acid is added to thesample causing the reactive solid phase sulfidesto volatilize and form hydrogen sulfide gas(H2S). The H2S is trapped and the amount ofsulfide is measured. The sulfides that volatilizeare called Acid Volatile Sulfides (AVS).
The addition of acid to the sample also results inthe solubilization of metals from less solublesulfides. These metals are defined as Simulta-neously Extracted Metals (SEM).
The relative amounts of AVS and SEM are im-portant in the prediction of potential metalbioavailability. If SEMs are found in excess ofthe AVSs, the toxic metals in the sample arepotentially bioavailable. On the other hand, ifAVSs are greater than SEMs, the toxic metal isbound to sulfide and is not bioavailable. Mostfreshwater and marine sediments contain highenough AVS concentrations to have a significant
66
effect on the bioavailability of toxic metals.
It is anticipated that the methodology will beused to define contaminated sediment accordingto the following ratios:
SEM/AVS < 1 Sediment Not ContaminatedSEM/AVS > 1 Sediment Potentially
Contaminated (other bind-ing factors may apply iftoxicity is not observed)
If sediment is determined to be contaminated, anappropriate program strategy for contaminatedsediments must be followed. It should be notedthat this method does not yet account forbioaccumulation.
The AVS methodology is anticipated to be pre-sented to the Science Advisory Board (SAB) inthe fall of 1994. SAB is a senior scientific panelof nationally recognized experts EPA employs toreview new scientific approaches. In addition tothe current AVS methodology, a secondaryfactor relating to the organic carbon concentra-tion in sediment is being incorporated.
For more information, contact Mary Reiley at theEnvironmental Protection Agency, Office ofScience and Technology, 400 M Street, S.W.,#4304, Washington, DC 20460; phone: (202)260-9456. ■
67
Historical TributyltinDataTributyltin (TBT), an anti-fouling paint for boats,is a widespread contaminant of marine and freshwater habitats in California. Once TBT entersthe water, it has been found to accumulate insediments. Once in the sediments, TBT degradesto dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT).Currently no sediment criteria exist for TBT.However, some accumulated data can be used toassess ranges of concentrations. These data arelisted in Table 6 (on page 74) and are explainedbelow.
In 1986, the State Water Resources ControlBoard's Priority Chemical program conducted awater and sediment sampling project. Sampleswere collected from San Diego Bay to as farnorth as Crescent City, California and in theSacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Sites were se-lected both within and away from high-densitypleasure and fishing craft areas in order to showa potential gradient of TBT use.
In 1986-87, the U.S. Navy studied total butyl tinconcentrations in 15 harbors. The sample siteswere separated into naval, commercial, andecological habitat.
In 1992, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineerssampled sediments near Alcatraz, California inan attempt to determine reference or back-ground concentrations of several constituents inthe area. Five separate sample sites were se-lected.
Canada is the only country outside of the U.S.known to have reported data on TBT concentra-tions in sediment. In 1982, a study of TBT con-centrations in the water and sediment of lakes,rivers, and harbors of Ontario was conducted.Samples were collected from 24 sites. ■
Chapter 11
68
Table 6—Butyltin Historical Sediment Data
Legend:
N.A. — Not AvailableN.D. — Not Detected
Study Sample Site TBT DBT MBT Total BT
(ppb, dry weight)
SWRCB CA Coastal and Delta Waters 0.23-23 0.26-27 0.36-60 N.A.
U.S. Navy Mare Island N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Naval N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.6
Commercial N.A. N.A. N.A. 4.7
Ecological Habitat N.A. N.A. N.A. 3.5
San Diego N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.
Naval N.A. N.A. N.A. 87
Commercial N.A. N.A. N.A. 178
Ecological Habitat N.A. N.A. N.A. 9.1
U.S. Army Battelle, Jan 92 N.D. 0.6 1.0 N.A.Corps ofEngineers
Battelle, Jun 92 N.D. N.D. 1.1 N.A.
Battelle, Sept 92 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.A.
Oakland berths 7, 8, 9 & 25 <1.1 <1.1 <1.1 N.A.
Port of SF Berth 35E <1.3 <1.3 <1.3 N.A.
Canada Ontario 30-540 9-350 14-580 N.A.
69
Beyer, W.N. 1990. Evaluating Soil Contamina-tion. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Biological Report 90(2). 25 pp.
California State Water Resources Control Board.1988. Tributyltin: A California WaterQuality Assessment. Report No.88-12. 181 pp.
Committee on Industrial Site Decommissioning,Industrial Programs Branch. 1987. SoilCleanup Criteria for DecommissioningIndustrial Sites in Ontario, 46 pp. (Ascited in Biological Report 90[2]).
Long, E.R, MacDonald, D.D., Smith, S.L., Calder,F.D. 1994. Incidence of Adverse Biologi-cal Effects within Ranges of ChemicalConcentrations in Marine and EstuarineSediments. Environmental Management.Publication pending.
Long, E.R., Morgan, L.G. 1991. The Potentialfor Biological Effects of Sediment-SorbedContaminants Tested in the NationalStatus and Trends Program. NationalOceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationTechnical Memorandum NOS OMA 52.175 pp.
Lorenzato, S.G., Wilson, C.J. 1991. Workplan forthe Development of Sediment QualityObjectives for Enclosed Bays and Estuar-ies of California. California State WaterResources Control Board. 25 pp.
MacDonald, D.D. 1993. Development of anApproach to the Assessment of SedimentQuality in Florida Coastal Waters. Pre-pared for the Florida Department ofEnvironmental Regulation. MacDonaldEnvironmental Services, Ltd. Ladysmith,BC. 133 pp.
Marshack, J.B. 1989. The Designated LevelMethodology for Waste Classificationand Cleanup Level Determination. Cali-fornia Regional Water Quality ControlBoard Staff Report. 59 pp.
Bibliography
70
New Jersey Department of Environmental Pro-tection, Division of Waste Management.1987. Guidelines for the New JerseyCleanup Responsibility Act. (As cited inBiological Report 90[2]).
Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., Hayton, H. 1992.Guidelines for the Protection and Man-agement of Aquatic Sediment Quality inOntario. Ontario Ministry of the Environ-ment, Water Resources Branch. Report.23 pp.
Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., Hayton, H. 1993.Guidelines for the Protection and Man-agement of Aquatic Sediment Quality inOntario, Revised. Ontario Ministry of theEnvironment, Water Resources Branch.Report. 6 pp.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1993. PublicNotice 93-2, Testing Guidelines forDredged Material Disposal atSan Francisco Bay Sites. 13 pp.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, US Environmen-tal Protection Agency, San Francisco BayRegional Water Quality Control Board,San Francisco Bay Conservation andDevelopment Commission (USACOE/USEPA/SFBRWQCB/BCDC). 1992.Public Notice 92-7, Interim Testing Proce-dures for Evaluating Dredged MaterialDisposal in San Francisco Bay. 13 pp.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Draft Analytical Method for Determina-tion of Acid Volatile Sulfide in Sediment.18 pp.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Acenaphthene. Draft Report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Dieldrin. Draft Report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Endrin. Draft Report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Fluoranthene. Draft Report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1991.Proposed Sediment Quality Criteria forthe Protection of Benthic Organisms:Phenanthrene. Draft Report.
USSR State Committee for Science and Technol-ogy. 1984. Maximum Allowable Concen-trations and Tentative Safe ExposureLevels of Harmful Substances in theEnvironmental Media. United NationsEnvironment Programme, Centre ofInternational Projects, 114 pp. (As cited inBiological Report 90[2]).
Washington Administrative Code, Chapter 173-204. 1991. Sediment Management Stan-dards. 61 pp.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.1985. Report of the Technical Subcommit-tee on Determination of Dredge MaterialSuitability for in Water Disposal. (Ascited in Biological Report 90[2]).
Wolfenden, J.D., Carlin, M.P. 1992. InterimSediment Screening Criteria and TestingRequirements for Wetland Creation andUpland Beneficial Reuse. CaliforniaRegional Water Quality Control BoardSan Francisco Bay Region. 19 pp.