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H O U R 3
COMPARATIVE
RELIGIONS
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REVIEW:
WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
Based on teachings of “Confucius”
“The greatest teacher.”
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REVIEW:
GROUP
• How do you understand Smith’s metaphor of the eagle that adjusts its wings to the currents of the Five Constant Relationships? (pg 113-114).
• Identify 3 examples of how members of your group have seen in other families, or experienced within their own the family, the type of familial relationships espoused by Confucius’ Five Constant Relationships.
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WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
KEY TEACHINGS
Goal: To Be “Chun Tzu”“Superior Person”, “Ideal Person”
1. Jen (ren)• Love for others.
2. Li• Proper conduct and practice.
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WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
KEY TEACHINGS
How To Be “Chun Tzu”Li
Proper Conduct & Cultural Practices
1. The Five Constant Relationships
1. Ruler—subject
2. Parent– child
3. Husband – wife
4. Elder brother – younger brother
5. Elder friend – younger friend
• Each member in the has certain responsibilities
• Each relationship implies a hierarchy between the two (that should be earned).
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WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
KEY TEACHINGS
How To Be “Chun Tzu”Li
Proper Conduct & Cultural Practices
2. Xiao
(Filial Piety: “reverence for family”)
• Respect for one’s parents and ancestors.
• Profound respect for one’s living elders.
“While your parents are alive, a good
son (or daughter) does not wander far
afield.”
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WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
KEY TEACHINGS
How To Be “Chun Tzu”Li
Proper Conduct & Cultural Practices
3. Doctrine of the Mean
• Live in moderation.
• Strive not for excess.
• Value compromise.
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WHAT IS CONFUCIANISM?
KEY TEACHINGS
How To Be “Chun Tzu”WEN
“Arts of Peace” (as opposed to “arts of war”)
“By poetry the mind is aroused;
From music the finish is received.
The odes quicken the mind.
They induce self-contemplation.
They teach the art of sensibility.
They help to restrain resentment.
They bring home the duty of serving
one’s parent’s and one’s prince.”
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SELF AS “COMMUNITY”
Humanity
Nation
Community
Friends
Family
Who are you?
I am my relationship to…
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WHAT’S THE CORE?
(EVEN IN NON-RELIGIOUS TERMS)
• Human Condition?• Doesn’t really say. Addresses social dis-order.
• How to Transcend the Human Condition?• Doesn’t really say. But values benevolence and proper relationships.
• What’s the key idea to you?• A person as a social being; the sum of the quality of their relationships.
• What is the Ultimate• Doesn’t really say, but assumes Taoism and values “Chun Tzu”
• Do you see similarities with any religions you’re familiar with?
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CONFUCIANISM QUESTION
Have you ever felt like you’re
immersed in chaos?
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TAOISM QUESTION
Have you ever felt like you’re out of
sync with life? Not in harmony?
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What do you associated with Taoism?
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TAOISM
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TAOISM
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TAOISM
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TAOISM
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TAOISM
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TAOISM
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WHAT IS TAOISM?
• Taoist philosophy originated in China 2500+ yrs ago: 6th (?) century BCE.
• Short book of 81 short chapter; words of wisdom entitled the Tao Te Ching
• The author is often referred to as Lao Tzu (“old master”).
• Lots of paradoxical statements teaching how to live in harmony.
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THE MYSTERIOUS “OLD MASTER”
Lao Tzu (604 BCE – 404 BCE?)
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THE MYSTERIOUS “OLD MASTER”
Lao Tzu (604 BCE – 404 BCE?)
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WHAT IS TAOISM?
When he looked at reality,
what did he see?
I. The Tao
II. A Reality of Opposites
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I. TAO: “THE WAY”I. TAO: “THE WAY”
From Ch.1 of the Tao Te Ching
The tao that can be toldis not the eternal TaoThe name that can be namedis not the eternal Name.
The unnamable is the eternally real.Naming is the originof all particular things.
Free from desire, you realize the mystery.Caught in desire, you see only the manifestations.
Tao: • “The way”, • “The pattern”, • “The process”
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I. THE TAO
So what did he see?
1. There seems to be a natural intelligence to life.• Examples?
• Think of the growth of a person• Think of the body’s processes• Think of nature and the web of life.
2. There seems to be natural ebbs and flows (patterns) to life.• Examples?
The Tao is…-This natural intelligence-This natural flow of life
The “way” of reality, the universe, and human life.
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I. THE TAO
Ch. 30 of the Tao Te Ching
The Great Tao flows everywhere.
It may go left or right
All things depend on it for life.
and it does not turn away from them.
It accomplishes its task, but does not claim
credit for it.
It clothes and feeds all things
but does not claim to be master over them.
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I. THE TAO
1. Tao’s inherent “power” -
2. Tao’s inherent “virtue” -
(power of the flowing river)
(virtue of the flowing river)
Te:
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I. THE TAO
VARIATIONS ON TAOISM
1. “Vitalization” Taoism: Embodied Te
Harnessing the life force of the Tao: Ch’i (breath of life)
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I. THE TAO
VARIATIONS ON TAOISM
1. “Vitalization” Taoism: Embodied Te
Harnessing the life force of the Tao: Ch’i (breath of life)
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I. THE TAO
VARIATIONS ON TAOISM
1. “Vitalization” Taoism: Embodied Te
Harnessing the life force of the Tao: Ch’i (breath of life)