“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER
ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS
AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC HALEKOTE AREA OF
HOLENARASIPURA.”
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
Mr. MANJU.S
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING
HOLENARASIPURA, HASSAN, KARNATAKA
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
AND ADDRESS
MANJU.S
1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HOLENARASIPURA.
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION GOERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
HOLENARASIPURA
3 COURSE OF THE STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1ST YEAR M.SC NURSING
COMMUNITY HEALTHNURSING
4 DATE OF ADMISSION 16.08.2012
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER
ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS
AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC HALEKOTE
AREA OF HOLENARASIPURA.”
6.0 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
“Children allowed to develop at their own speed will usually win the race of life”
-- Fred O. Gosman
Health of the children has been considered as the vital importance to all societies
because children are the basic resource for the future of humankind.1Every child must be
ensured the best start in life their future, and indeed the future of their communities,
nations and the whole world depends on it.3
“Infant” is derived from the Latin word, “infants,” meaning “unable to speak.”
Thus, many define infancy as the period from birth to approximately 1 year of age, when
language begins to flourish. It is an exciting period of “firsts” first smile, first successful
grasp, first evidence of separation anxiety, first word, first step and first sentence. The
infant is a dynamic, ever changing being who undergoes an orderly and predictable
sequence of neuro developmental and physical growth. This sequence is influenced
continuously by intrinsic and extrinsic forces that produce individual variation and make
each infant’s developmental path unique.4
Every year, tens of millions of infants around the world begin an extraordinary
sprint from defenceless newborns to becoming proactive young children ready for school.
And every year, countless numbers of them are stopped in their tracks deprived, in one
way or another, of the love, care, nurturing, health, nutrition and protection that they need
to survive, grow and develop. Nearly 10 million children die before their fifth birthday
each year and over 200 million children are not developing to their full potential solely
because they and their caregivers lack the basic conditions needed for young children to
survive and thrive.3
The period of growth and development extends throughout the life cycle. Growth
refers to an increase in physical size of whole or any of its parts. It causes quantitative
changes in child’s body. Development refers to progressive increase in skill and capacity
to function. It causes qualitative changes in child’s functioning. There is several factors
influence the growth and development of children. Such as heredity, sex, race,
nationality, environment, cultural influences, socio-economic status of family, emotions,
chronic illness, nutritional status, hormonal influences etc.2
Infants grow at an amazingly fast rate during their first year of life. In addition to
physical growth in height and weight, babies also go through major achievement stages,
referred to as developmental milestones. Developmental milestones are easily identifiable
skills that the baby can perform, such as rolling over, sitting up, and walking. These
milestones are usually classified into three categories: motor development, language
development, and social/emotional development.5
Parental attitude towards the growth of children may be poorly formed because
they do not know children’s needs at various developmental stages. During the infantile
period the parents must learn from the cues what the infant is trying to tell them. They
must learn to observe their infant’s behavior and strive to fulfill the baby’s needs. Some
parents are not prepared to undergo the emotional development needed in relation to
child’s development. These parents particularly help in understanding usual steps in
infant’s development. 2
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Infant mortality is the death of an infant in the first year of life, often expressed as
the number of deaths per 1000 live births (Infant mortality rate). The total Infant
mortality rate (IMR) in India is 46.07 deaths per 1000 live births. In this the male infant
mortality rate is 44.71 deaths per 1000 live births and female infant mortality rate is
47.59 deaths per 1000 live births estimated in the year of 2012.6 In Karnataka, according
to official sources the Infant mortality rate was 38 per 1000 live births in the year of
2011.7 Major causes for Infant mortality rate are including dehydration, malnutrition,
infection, congenital malformation and Sudden death infant syndrome (SIDS).8
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is one of the causes of infant mortality. Almost
40 per cent of Indian children are underweight, and 45 per cent are stunted due to
malnourishment, according to the National Family Health Survey-3. The survey also
reported that six out of every 10 children from the poorest households are stunted, and
almost as many are underweight. Children from the SC and ST communities are also
more likely to be malnourished, according to this report. The ministry of health and
family welfare states that more than 55% of the under-five mortality occurs from
complications resulting from malnutrition.10
Children are said to be developmentally delayed if they fail to reach
developmental milestones at the expected age. Individual children may be delayed in one
area or several areas of development. Developmental delay is considered as a disability,
which the child displays either due to biological or environmental factors. These factors
affect child’s speech, language, fine and gross motor skills and cognitive development.
So delay or abnormal development may affect individual areas of development or child’s
overall development. A developmental delay occurs when child has the delayed
achievement of one or more of his milestones. . Approximately 3 per cent of all infants
and children are developmentally delayed (Fonald 1991).9
Failure to thrive (FTT) is the arrested physical growth associated with poor
developmental and emotional functioning. Psychosocial failure to thrive occurs in a child
who is usually younger than 2 years old. Psychological, social, or economic problems
within the family almost always play a role in the cause of failure to thrive. The mother
or primary caregiver may neglect proper feeding of the infant because of preoccupation
with the demands or care of others, her own emotional problems, substance abuse, lack of
knowledge about proper feeding, or lack of understanding of the infant's needs.
Encouraging parenting education courses in high school and educational and community
programs may help new parents enter parenthood with an increased knowledge of an
infant's needs. Early detection and intervention can reduce the severity of symptoms, and
enhance the process of growth and development.11
An understanding of infant growth and development patterns and concepts is
necessary for parents and caregivers to create a nurturing and caring environment which
will stimulate young children's learning. The growth and development of infants are
periods of rapid change in the child's size, senses, and organs. An infant's development in
motor coordination, forming concepts, learning and using language, having positive
feelings about self and others prepares them to build upon new abilities that will be
needed for each change in a new stage of development. Caregivers can provide activities
and opportunities for infants that encourage exploration and curiosity to enhance
children's overall development.12
A study revealed on knowledge of child growth and nutrition among 60 mothers
together with their 60 first-born full-term healthy infants aged 0-12 months. Mothers and
their infants were divided into a study and control group of equal size with the study
group being exposed to the education program. The effectiveness of the program was
evaluated by growth monitoring of infants at 6 and 12 months, and by comparing
mothers' knowledge and practice scores before and after the program and shows that
Infants in the study group had a significantly higher mean for weight, length, and mid-
arm circumference at 6 and 12 months than infants in the control group. These study
findings highlight the important potential benefits of teaching mothers about the
nutritional needs of infants during their first year of life.13
A study was conducted on mother’s knowledge of children’s growth charts.
Mothers who attended well baby clinic were interviewed to assess their understanding
and interpretation of the growth chart. The results showed that the outcome was
disappointing and recommendations were made.14
Though assessment of Growth and Development of infants is an important aspect
in child care, it is a neglected part by various parents. During community and PHC
postings, the student investigator found that many infants are malnourished with mild
developmental delay. The reason behind this was mainly the inadequate knowledge of
growth and development and its importance among mothers.
Considering the above facts the student investigator further need to assess the
knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers and enhance the
knowledge through computer assisted teaching programme.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
A literature review provides a foundation on which to base new knowledge and it
is usually conducted well before any data are collected in studies. An intensive review of
literature relevant to the research study topic is done to gain information and insight to
build the foundation of the study. The word literature review is also used to designate
written summary of the state of the art on a research problem.
Review of literature is divided in to 3 parts: - Literature related to
6.2.1 Growth and development of infants.
6.2.2 Knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.
6.2.3 Computer assisted teaching programme.
6.2.1 Literature related to Growth and development of infants.
Paul B, et al (2004-05) were conducted a longitudinal community based study in
an urban slum of Chetla, Kolkata among 126 singleton live born babies on catch up
growth among low birth weight infants in relation to the normal birth weight counterparts
in first six months of age. Growth pattern of these babies was followed up at 15±5 day’s
interval by house visit till six months of age. The results shown that incidence of low
birth weight babies was 28.6%. 86.1% LBW infants caught up in length at 3 rd month,
63.9% in chest circumference at 4th month, 66.7% in head circumference at 5th month,
while 72.2% in weight at 6th month and concludes that Regular growth monitoring is
essential for LBW babies to detect signs of growth faltering at the earliest.15
Zafar Meenai, Sheela Longia were conducted a prospective study to find the
prevalence of developmental delay in 200 apparently healthy children below 2 years of
age. Parents of the subjects were interviewed. The children were observed and assessed
for their milestones on Trivandrum Developmental Screening chart (TDSC). The length,
weight and head circumference of the children were measured and recorded. The results
showed that prevalence of developmental delay in 9.5% of apparently healthy children by
using a simple screening tool which can be administered in an office practice and
concludes that if one can diagnose developmental delay in early stages of development,
the early intervention can reduce a long term sequele.16
Amanda Sacker, et al (2000-01) were conducted a cohort study on relationship
between exclusive breast feeding and developmental delay among all term singleton
infants who weighed >2500 g at birth. The results showed almost half (47%) of the
infants initially were exclusively breastfed, but only 3.5% of these infants were still being
fed exclusively on breast milk after 4 months of age, and 34% of infants were not
breastfed at all; 9% of the infants were identified with delays in gross motor coordination
and 6% with fine motor coordination delays at age 9 months. This study suggests that the
protective effect of breastfeeding helps in the attainment of motor developmental
milestones.17
Meenakshi, et al were conducted a cross sectional study to find out the
association of postnatal growth and psychosocial development of the infants in an urban
slum of Delhi. 202 infants and their mothers were included in this study. Growth was
assessed using anthropometric measurements: weight & length for age and development
by psychosocial developmental scale developed by Indian council of medical research.
The results shown that the development was delayed in significantly higher percentage of
underweight (W/A<-2 S.D) than normal infants (p value<0.05): gross motor (15.3% and
4.5%), Vision &fine motor (21.1%, 4.6%) and social skills (27.6%, 12.1%). 18
6.2.2 Literature related to knowledge regarding growth and development of infants
among mothers.
Malathi.S was conducted a descriptive study regarding mother's
knowledge on growth and development of their children between 0-3years. The data
collected by the interview schedule among 114 mothers of under five children in the rural
area. Data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The present study revealed that the mothers had below average knowledge regarding
(47%) growth, average knowledge regarding development (71%) and factors affecting
growth and development (71%). Further the present study observed that mostly growth
and developmental delay occurs in 0-1 years of age group children than other children.19
Keng-Yen Huanga et al were conducted a study on maternal knowledge of child
development and quality of parenting among White, African-American and Hispanic
mothers at University of Maryland, Baltimore County, United States on 378 mother-
infant dyads. Mothers completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory
(KIDI) when the infant was 2–4 months, and mother–toddler dyads were videotaped in
their homes at 16–18 months. The Home Observation for Measurement of the
Environment Inventory (HOME), Parent/Caregiver Involvement Scale (P/CIS), and
Nursing Child Assessment by Satellite Training (NCAST) were used to measure quality
of mother–toddler interaction. The results revealed no significant main effect of maternal
correct estimation of child development on quality of parenting, but there was a
significant main effect of maternal underestimation of child development on quality of
parenting during a teaching task. There was also a significant interaction of maternal
knowledge and race in relation to quality of parenting behavior.20
Samuel B Nguah, et al (2009-10) were conducted a longitudinal study on
Perception and practice of Kangaroo Mother Care after discharge from hospital in
Kumasi, Ghana of 202 mothers and their inpatient Low birth weight neonates.
Mothers were interviewed at recruitment to ascertain their knowledge of Kangaroo
mother care, and then oriented on its practice. After discharge, the mothers reported
at weekly intervals for four follow up visits where data about their perceptions,
attitudes and practices of Kangaroo mother mare were recorded. This study concludes
that maternal knowledge of Kangaroo mother care was low at outset.21
Ertem I. O, et al were conducted a study on Caregiver Knowledge of Child
Development Inventory (CKCDI) and this study consisted of questions on when children
begin to demonstrate developmental skills and when caregivers should provide
opportunities for developmental stimulation. In total, 1200 mothers of children aged
≤3 years chosen by random population-based sampling were administered the caregiver
knowledge of child development inventory in their homes. Of the 1055 mothers with
complete data (88%), 64% had at most secondary school education and 11% were
employed. The median caregiver knowledge of child development inventory
questionnaire score was 19 (highest possible score 40). Mothers believed that most
developmental skills and activities should occur at later than normative ages and most
mothers did not know that sight (52%), vocalization (79%), social smiling (59%) and
overall brain development (68%) begins in the early months of life. These results
illustrate the degree to which caregivers from Turkey may be lacking information on
early childhood development and that caregiver knowledge needs to be further
investigated so that culture-specific and effective interventions can be planned.22
Ivonne Kleinfeld Mansbach, Charles W. Greenbaum were conducted a study
on developmental maturity expectations in children among 380 Israeli Jewish fathers and
mothers of 6-month-old infants. Subjects were administered a questionnaire which
included items reflecting three developmental domains: Cognitive maturity, biosocial
maturity, and social autonomy. The results shown that the cognitive maturity mothers had
earlier expectations than fathers, intermediate and higher educated parents had earlier
expectations than lower educated and nonreligious parents and moderately religious
parents had earlier maturity expectations than religiously strict parents. A reverse pattern
could be observed for Biosocial Maturity: On Social Autonomy mothers had earlier
maturity expectations than fathers.23
Dominic F. Gullo was conducted a comparative study on knowledge of infant
development among adolescent mothers, older mothers, never pregnant teenagers. It has
been reported that children of adolescents are at risk for development delays primarily
because of their mother’s lack of understanding of infant development. In this present
study a comparison of never pregnant teenagers, adolescent and older mothers was
undertaken in order to determine if there were differences among the three groups: (a) on
an overall test of infant development; (b) on a test of motor, cognitive, social and
language infant abilities; and (c) on a test of first and second year infant abilities. Eighty
females (20 adolescent mothers, 20 older mothers, 40 never pregnant teenagers) were
given a 56 item test to determine their understanding of the emergence of specific infant
behaviors.24
6.2.3 Literatures related to computer assisted teaching programme.
Yusuf and Afolabi (2010) found that the computer assisted instruction is an
effective mode of instruction for teaching Biology to secondary school students both in
individualized and cooperative settings. Roblyer (1988) also found that students who
received science instruction through computer assisted instruction simulations achieved
more than those who studied in a conventional learning environment.26
Shubhangna Sharma and Shipra Nagar were conducted a study aimed at
providing educational intervention to mothers regarding knowledge on childcare and
nutrition. The study adopted a pretest-posttest research design. Total samples of 150
mothers were selected from two villages, one of which served as experimental group and
the other acted as control group. The tool consisted of a self-structured questionnaire
schedule. All mothers were first pre-tested regarding their knowledge on nursing,
neonatal and infant care, health, child’s growth, behavior and nutritional aspects. All the
mothers were then post-tested on the above aspects. The results shown that there were
significant differences in all the aspects of childcare and nutrition between experimental
and control group mothers during post testing.25
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER
ASSISTED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS AMONG MOTHERS AT PHC
HALEKOTE AREA OF HOLENARASIPURA.”
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding growth and development of infants
among mothers.
2. To develop and implement computer assisted teaching programme regarding
growth and development of infants among mothers.
3. To assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching programme regarding
growth and development of infants among mothers.
4. To find out the association between level of knowledge with selected
demographic variables.
6.5 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:
H1: There will be significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge
regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.
H2: There will be significant association between the selected demographic
variables with knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among
mothers.
6.6 ASSUMPTIONS:
1. The mother may have some knowledge regarding growth and development of
infants.
2. The study may enhance the knowledge regarding growth and development of
infants among mothers.
3. The Demographic variables like education, occupation and socio-economic
status will have influence in their knowledge regarding growth and
development of infants.
6.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
ASSESS: It is the process of evaluating the importance or quality of study
regarding growth and development of infants before and after the implementation
of computer assisted teaching programme.
EFFECTIVENESS: It refers to the degree to which the computer assisted
teaching programme has achieved the desired effect as measured by mothers gain
in knowledge.
COMPUTER ASSISTED TEACHING: It refers to a teaching process that uses
a computer in the presentation of instructional materials regarding general
information on growth and development, biologic growth, fine motor, gross
motor, emotion, language and sensory development of infants.
KNOWLEDGE: It refers to the fact or condition of knowing information
regarding growth and development of infants such as general information on
growth and development, biologic growth, fine motor, gross motor, emotion,
language and sensory development.
GROWTH: It refers to a process of increasing in physical size.
DEVELPOMENT: It refers to a progressive increase in skills and capacity to
function.
INFANT: It refers to a child from 1 month to 1 year of age.
MOTHER: It refers to a woman in relation to a child or children to whom she
has given birth and having at least one infant.
PHC: Primary health center (PHC) is the basic structural and functional unit of
public health services situated at rural area which provides accessible, affordable
and available primary health care to people.
6.8 VARIABLES:
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES:-
Computer assisted teaching programme regarding growth and development
of infants.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES:-
Knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.
6.9 DELIMITATION:
1. The study is delimited to PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.
2. The sample size is delimited to 50.
3. Data collection period is delimited to 4-6 weeks
4. The computer assisted teaching programme is delimited to selected aspects of
growth and development of infants.
7.0 MATERIALS & METHOD:
7.1. SOURCE OF DATA:
Data will be collected from the mothers of infants at PHC Halekote area of
Holenarasipura.
7.2. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA:
7.2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:
Pre experimental, one group pre test and post test design.
Group Pre-test Intervention Post-test
A group of 50
mothers of infants
(one group) at PHC
Halekote area of
Holenarasipura
O1
X O2
Key;-
O1: Pre test knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among
mothers.
X: Computer assisted teaching programme regarding growth and development of
infants among mothers.
O2: Post test knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among
mothers.
7.2.2 RESEARCH APPROCH:
Pre experimental evaluative approach.
7.2.3 RESEARCH SETTING:
Study will be conducted at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.
7.2.4 POPULATION:
Mothers of infants at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.
7.2.5 SAMPLE SIZE:
50 mothers of infants.
7.2.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Non-Probability, Convenient sampling technique.
7.2.7 SAMPLING CRITERIA:
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Mothers who are having infants.
2. Mothers who are willing to participate in the study.
3. Mothers who are present at the time of the data collection.
4. Mothers who are residing at PHC Halekote area of Holenaraspura.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Mothers of infants who are critically ill.
2. Mothers who are not willing to participate.
7.2.8 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION:
Structured interview schedule consists of two sections.
Section A: Socio-demographic data.
Section B: Structured interview schedule regarding growth and development of
infants.
7.2.9 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION:
Data collection is the gathering of information needed to address a research
problem. The permission will be obtained from the concerned authorities before the data
collection. Pre test will be conducted with the demographic Performa and structured
interview schedule followed by administration of Computer assisted teaching programme
regarding growth and development of infants. Post test will be conducted after 7 days
with the same structured interview schedule.
7.2.10 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD:
Data analysis will be carried out through appropriate Descriptive and Inferential
characteristics.
7.3. DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED
ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMALS?
No,
7.4. HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR
INSTITUTION IN CASE OF ABOVE?
Yes, relevant copy is enclosed.
8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Parul Datta. Pediatric Nursing. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee brothers medical publishers
(p) Ltd; 2007. p.12.
2. Dorothy R.Marlow, Barbara A Redding. Text book of pediatric nursing. 6th ed. New
Delhi: Elsevier publisher; 2001.p.163-94,546.
3. UNICEF. Early childhood. Available from http://www.unicef.org
4. Chris Plauche Johnson, Peter A Blasco. Infant Growth and Development. Pediatrics in
Review. July 1997. vol. 18. No. 7. P.224-42.
5. David perlstein. Infant milestones. In: William C. Shiel, editors. p.1. Available from
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/infant_milestones/article_em.htm
6. Infant mortality rate. Index mundi. Available from
http://www.indexmundi.com/india/infant_mortality_rate.html
7. Venkatesh M. Infant. Maternal mortality rates dip in state. April 2012. Available from
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/infant-maternal-mortality-rates-dip-in-state/249083-60-
115.html
8. Simkin, Penny, et al. Pregnancy, childbirth and the newborn. Meadowbook
Press. ISBN 0-88166-177-5. Available from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/infant
9. Dr. Manjula G. Kadapatti, Dr. P.B. Khadi. Prevalence of developmental delays among
infant. Indian stream research journal. July 2011. Vol.1. Issue – 6. Available from
http://www.isrj.net/July/2011/Home_Science_PREVALENCE_OF_DEVELOPMENT
AL_DELAYS%20.htm
10. Malnutrition in India. Health issue India. Available from
http://www.healthissuesindia.com/malnutrition/
11. Failure to thrive. Available from
http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/growth/thrive.html
12. Novella J .Ruffin. Understanding growth and development of infants. Available from
http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/350/350-055/350-055.net
13. Youssef N, Saker R, Mourad E, Mohamed E. Utilization of growth monitoring to
evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programme given to mothers of infants about
nutrition. New Egyptian journal of medicine. 1993 Jan. 8(1):313-9. Available from
http://www.popline.org /node/339020
14. Nombe.E. An investigation into the knowledge of mothers have about children’s
growth charts. Curations 1992 April:15(1); 26-28
15. Paul B, I Saha, A Dasgupta, RN Chaudhuri. A study on catch up growth among Low
birth weight infants in an urban slum of Kolkata, Indian journal of medical research.
2008. vol. 52. Issue: 1. p.16-20. Available from http://www.ijph.in
16. Zafar Meenai, Sheela Longia. A study on prevalence & antecedents of developmental
delay among children less than 2 years attending well baby clinic. People’s journal of
scientific research. Jan 2009. Vol.2 (1). Available from http://www.pjsr.org
17. Amanda Sacker, Maria A. Quigley, Yvonne J. Kelly. Breast feeding and
developmental delay. Official journal of the American academy of pediatrics.
Pediatrics vol.118.No.3. September1.2006. p.682-89. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-3141.
Available from http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi /content/118/3/e682.ful
18. Meenakshi, SK Pradhan, JG Prasuna. A cross-sectional study of the association of
postnatal growth and psychosocial development of the infants in an urban slum of
Delhi, Indian journal of public health. 2007. vol. 32. Issue: 1. p.46-48. Available from
http://nipccd.nic.in PMID: 18700716.
19. Malathi S. Mother’s knowledge on growth and development of their children between
0-3 years in selected rural area. July 2012. vol.1. Issue-1. Available from
http://www.healthhubhamlets.org
20. Keng-Yen Huanga, Margaret O’Brien Caughyb, Janice L. Genevroc, Therese L.
Millerc. Maternal knowledge of child development and quality of parenting
among White, African-American and Hispanic mothers. Journal of applied
developmental psychology. March-April 2005. 149–170. Available from
http://www.sciencedirect.com
21. Samuel B Nguah et al. Perception and practice of Kangaroo mother care. BMC
pregnancy and child birth. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-11-99. Available from
http://www.biomedcentral.com
22. Ertem I O, G. Atay, D.G.Dogan, A.Bayhan, B.E.Bingoler, S.Ozbar, et al. Mothers
knowledge of young child development in a developing country. Child: care, health
and development. 23 Mar 2007.doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2007.00751.x. 33:728–737.
Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
23. Ivonne Kleinfeld Mansbach, Charles W. Greenbaum. Developmental maturity
expectations of Israeli fathers and mothers: Effects of education, ethnic origin, and
religiosity. International journal of behavioral development. September 1999.vol. 23.
No.3. p.771-797. doi: 10.1080/016502599383793.Available from jbd.sagepub.com
24. Dominic F. Gullo. Knowledge of infant development. Early child development
care. 03 Aug 2006. p. 259-273. doi: 10.1080/0300443850220402. Available from
http://www.tandfonline.com
25. Shubhangna Sharma and Shipra Nagar. Impact of educational intervention on
knowledge of mothers regarding childcare and nutrition. Journal of social science.
2006. 12(2): 139-142. Available from http://www.krepublishers.com
26. Muhammad Khalid Mahmood. Effectiveness of computer assisted instruction in Urdu
language for secondary school students’ achievement in science. 2 February 2012.
vol. 12. ISSN: 1930-2940. Available from www.languageindia.com
ETHICAL CLEARENCE CERTIFICATE(Under Ethical Clearance Certificate)
We are hereby granting the permission to Mr. Mr. MANJU.S
1st year M.Sc. (N), Govt. College of Nursing, Holenarasipura, to conduct the study on
“A study to assess the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers at PHC Halekote area of Holenarasipura.”
Ethical committee members have gone through the study methodology and have opinioned that the study has been not ethical encumbrance, hence ethical clearance is given to the above prepared study.
MEMBERS OF ETHICAL COMMITTEE
1.Smt. R Sarojini Devi M.Sc. NursingPrincipal cum H.O.D. of Medical Surgical NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
Chairperson
2.
Smt. M.B. Seethamma M.Sc. NursingVice PrincipalDept. of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
Member
3.Smt. Shilaja K.G. M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorH.O.D. Of Obstetrics and Gynaecological NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
Member
4.
Sri. H.N. Patil M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorHOD of Community Health Nursing (I/C).Govt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
Member
5.
Sri. Chandrashekar S.H. M.Sc. NursingAssociate professorDept of Medical Surgical NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
Member
6.Sri. H.S. Arunkumar M.Com., L.L.B.AdvocateJ.M.F.C. Holenarasipura
Member
9 Signature of the Candidate
10 Remarks of the Guide
The topic is more appropriate and helpful for the mothers to improve their knowledge regarding growth and development of infants as it is more useful for them in caring of children.
11 Name and the Designation (in block letters)
11.1 Name of the Guide
Mr. H.N. PATILAssociate professorDepartment of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
11.2 Signature
11.3 Name of the Co-Guide (if any)
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of the Department
Mrs. M.B. Seethamma H.O.D of Community Health NursingGovt. college of Nursing Holenarasipura
11.6 Signature
12 12.1 Remarks of the Principal
The study will be very helpful to bring changes in knowledge regarding growth and development of infants among mothers.
12.2 Signature