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Communicable/Infectious Diseases What are they and how are they spread?
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Communicable Disease
An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges.
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Deadly Diseases in Historyhttp://www.cnn.com/interactive/2
014/10/health/epidemics-through-history/
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Diseases are caused by…?Germs
◦Bacteria◦Viruses◦Fungi◦Parasites
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BacteriaBacteria- one-
celled organisms ◦ Not all harmful
digestion
Common Bacterial Infections◦ Strep throat◦ Tuberculosis
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VirusesViruses are much
smaller than cells. ◦ Capsules that contain
genetic materialViruses invade the
cells in the body, hijacking the machinery that makes cells work.
Host cells are eventually destroyed
Common ColdInfluenzaMeaslesChickenpoxHIV/AIDSEbola
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FungiThere are many
varieties of FungiSome cause
illness
Ring wormAthletes foot
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ParasitesProtozoa
◦Malaria◦Toxoplasmosis
Helminths (worms)◦Tapeworms◦Roundworms
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Ways Diseases SpreadThrough the Air- Direct Contact
◦Person to person◦Animal to person
Indirect Contact◦Door knobs, shopping carts, tables, etc..
Insect BitesEnvironmentalFood/Water Contamination
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Airborne ChickenpoxCommon ColdFluMeningitis (bacterial)Strep throatMeasles, Mumps, RubellaTuberculosis
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Direct Contact Animal to
Person Person to
Person
Saliva◦ Hepatitis B
Skin/mucous membrane contact◦ Chickenpox◦ Lice◦ Staph.◦ Ringworm
Contaminated objects◦ Hepatitis A◦ Meningitis (viral)◦ Rotavirus◦ Salmonella infection◦ Worms
Bodily fluids◦ Hepatitis B and C◦ HIV
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Direct Contact Insect to Person
◦Malaria◦Dengue fever◦West Nile Virus
Environment to Person◦Meningitis (amoebic)◦Tetanus
Animal to Person◦Rabies◦Toxoplasmosis
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Ways Diseases Spread Cont.Foodborne
◦ Spread from dirty hands to mouth
◦ Bad Food◦ Undercooked Food◦ Unsanitary
Cooking environment
Waterborne
BotulismCholeraListeria infectionSalmonella
infectionTyphoid
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Infection vs. DiseaseInfection is the first step, and
occurs when the bacteria, viruses, or other microbes cause disease to enter your body and begin to multiply.
Disease occurs when cells in your body are damaged as a result of the infection and signs and symptoms of an illness appear
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Our DefensesImmune System- In response to
infections, white blood cells, antibodies, and other mechanisms go to work to rid your body of the infection. ◦Ex. Common Cold- Fever, coughing,
sneezingVaccines and Immunizations
◦ShotsHand WashingDon’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth
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Proper Hand Washing Wet hands with clean, running
water and apply soap.Lather hands by rubbing together
◦ front & back of hands, in between fingers and under finger nails
Scrub for at least 20 secondsRinse under clean, running waterDry hands with a clean towel or
air dry them
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Preventing IllnessWash your hands regularlyKeep your hands away from eyes,
nose, and mouthCover your coughs and sneezesDisinfect common areas often
◦Keyboards, doorknobs, light switches, etc.Stay home when you are sickMake healthy choices to keep
immune system strong◦Exercise and diet