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Commonly Abused Drugs
OBJECTIVES Compare the effects of
depressants, stimulants & hallucinogens on the body.
Name three classes of drugs of increasing concern in recent years.
WARM-UP In the last 25 years, abuse of
prescription pain relievers has increased by 500%.
What factors do you think are responsible for the increase in prescription drug abuse?
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Commonly Abused DrugsDepressants
Psychoactive drugs that slow brain & body reactions
Slow body functions by decreasing heart and breathing rates & lowering blood pressure.
Categories of Depressants:– Barbiturates– CNS Depressants– Opiates– Alcohol
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Commonly Abused DrugsDepressants
Barbiturates Also called sedative-hypnotics
– Small doses: sedative– Large doses: hypnotics
Side Effects– Poor Coordination– Slurred speech– Decreased alertness
Long-Term Effects– Sleepiness– Irritability– Confusion
CNS Depressants Sedative that slows the activity of
the central nervous system Actions:
– Slow nerve activity– Relax muscle tension– Lower alertness– Cause drowsiness
Side Effects– Blurred vision– Dizziness– Slurred Speech– Headache– Skin rash
Long Term Effects: Blood & Liver Disease
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Commonly Abused DrugsDepressants
Opiates– Drug made from
psychoactive compounds contained in the seed pods of poppy plants
– Small Doses: dull senses, relieve pain, cause sleep
Common Opiates– Heroin, Codeine, Morphine
Side Effects– Nausea, vomiting– Decreased alertness– Drowsiness– Depressed respiration
Long-Term Effects– Constipation– Blood-borne Diseases
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Commonly Abused DrugsStimulants
Drug that speeds up activities of the CNS
Increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate & alertness
May be used to treat sleep disorders, ADD, ADHD
Commonly Abused Stimulants– Amphetamines– Methamphetamine– Cocaine– Nicotine/Tobacco
Smoke
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Commonly Abused DrugsStimulants
Amphetamines– Prescription drugs sold
as “Speed” or Uppers”– Produces feelings of
well-being and high energy
Side Effects– Restlessness– Rapid speech– Blurred vision– Dizziness
Long-Term Effects– Hyperactivity– Irritability– Irregular heart rate– Liver damage– paranoia
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Commonly Abused DrugsStimulants
Methamphetamines– More powerful than
amphetamines– Called “Meth”,
“crank”, “crystal” or “ice”.
– Made from OTC ingredients in illegal meth labs
Side Effects– Increased respiration– Elevated body temperature– Convulsions– Stroke
Long-Term Effects– Psychotic behavior– Memory loss– Aggression– Brain & heart damage– Severe tooth & gum disease
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Commonly Abused DrugsStimulants
Cocaine– Powerful, short-acting
stimulant– May be sniffed, smoked, or
injected Crack
– A concentrated, smokable form of cocaine
– Strongest form of cocaine– Short, powerful effects
occur within 8 seconds after smoking.
Side Effects– Sleep disorders– Loss of appetite– Increased blood pressure &
heart rate Long-Term Effects
– Depression– Paranoia– Irritability– Weight Loss– Irregular Heart Beat– Respiratory & Cardiovascular
Failure
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Commonly Abused DrugsHallucinogens
Drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood
Overload the brain with sensory information, causing a distorted sense of reality
Have no medicinal use
Produce frightening & unpredictable mood swings
Abusers cannot tell what is real
May experience memory loss & personality changes
Tolerance develops quickly
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Commonly Abused DrugsHallucinogens
LSD Also called “acid” Effects unpredictable—can
either stimulate or depress CNS.
Experience hallucinations & feel they have superhuman powers.
Shortens attention span Causes “bad trips” &
flashbacks
Psilocybin Also called “shrooms” Chemical found in certain
type of mushroom– Mushrooms eaten raw or with
other food Effects similar to LSD, but
not as strong Psilocybin mushrooms
resemble a deadly mushroom
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Commonly Abused DrugsHallucinogens
PCP– Also known as “angel dust”—comes in white
powder– Originally used as an anesthetic or painkiller– May smoke w/ tobacco or marijuana, inject, sniff,
or eat– Eliminates sensation of pain unintentional injury– Abusers develop signs of schizophrenia– Effects last long after drug use ends
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Commonly Abused DrugsClub Drugs
First gained popularity at dance clubs & raves
Now widely available Strength & effects
highly unpredictable Drugs can be
unknowingly placed in someone’s drink
Examples– Ecstasy (MDMA)– Rohypnol– GHB– Ketamine
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Commonly Abused DrugsClub Drugs
Ecstasy XTC, C, Adam, Clarity, Love
Drug Combined stimulant &
hallucinogen Side Effects
– Increased heart rate & BP– Blurred vision– Muscle tension– Severe sweating & chills– Nausea– Increased body temp.– Organ failure
Rohypnol Roofies, rophies, forget-me
pill CNS depressant Side Effects
– Decreased blood pressure– Drowsiness– Dizziness– Confusion – Memory Loss
“Date Rape” drug Impairs user up to 12 hours
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Commonly Abused DrugsClub Drugs
GHB Grievous bodily harm, G,
liquid ecstasy CNS Depressant Side Effects
– Drowsiness– Nausea– Headache– Loss of reflexes
Associated with date rape High doses result in sleep,
coma, or death
Ketamine K, Vitamin K, Cat valium Hallucinogen Side Effects
– hallucinations,– Increased heart rate & BP– Impaired motor function– Memory loss– Numbness– Nausea
High doses cause delirium & fatal respiratory problems
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Commonly Abused DrugsKey Questions
1. Briefly describe the overall effects that depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens have on the body.
2. What is an opiate? Give 3 examples.
3. What is methamphetamine? List 3 long-term effects of methamphetamine use.
4. Summarize the dangers of club drugs.