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How Can You Find Relief?
Common Foot and Ankle Conditions:
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▪ They bear a lot of weight
▪ They perform various movements
Your Feet and Ankles are Workhorses
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▪ Plantar Fasciitis
▪ Achilles Tendonitis
▪ Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
▪ Flatfeet
Common Conditions That Cause Foot/Ankle Pain
▪ Bunions
▪ Hammertoe
▪ Arthritis
▪ Hallux Limitus/ Rigidus
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Plantar Fasciitis
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▪ Most common cause of heel pain in adults
▪ Typically due to repetitive or excessive stress on the foot
▪ Gradual onset of pain at bottom of the heel
▪ Worse when taking first steps in the morning or after prolonged sitting leads to inflammation and pain
Plantar Fasciitis
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Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Shoe inserts
▪ Stretching exercises
▪ Appropriate footwear
▪ NSAID, such as ibuprofen
Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis
▪ Rest
▪ Ice
▪ Other (physical therapy, injections, etc.)
Surgical:
▪ If conservative treatment doesn’t work
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Achilles Tendonitis
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▪ Inflammation, often caused by repetitive stress on the tendon
▪ Achilles tendons run down back of lower leg
Symptoms:
▪ Aching, stiffness, soreness or tenderness within the tendon
Achilles Tendonitis
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▪ A tight Achilles tendon
▪ Repetitive stress
▪ Sudden injury
▪ Wearing high-heeled shoes or clogs frequently
What Contributes to Developing Achilles Tendonitis?
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Treatment of Achilles Tendonitis
To reduce inflammation:
▪ NSAID, such as ibuprofen
▪ Ice
▪Rest
▪ Heel lifts
To restore function; to remove precipitating factors:
▪ Physical therapy
▪ Stretching exercises
▪ Night splints/ custom bracing
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Tarsal TunnelSyndrome
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▪ Compressed nerve in the tarsal tunnel
▪ Tarsal tunnel is a narrow space inside the ankle
Symptoms:
▪ Tingling, burning, or shock-like sensation
▪ Numbness
▪ Pain (including shooting pain)
▪ Symptoms can occur in one spot, or can radiate to heel, arch, toes, calf
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
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▪ An enlarged structure
▪ Varicose vein, cyst, swollen tendon, bone spur, etc.
▪ An injury
▪ High arches or flatfeet
Underlying Causes of the Compression
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Treatment of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Rest, ice
▪ NSAID, such as ibuprofen
▪ Ankle support
▪ Shoe inserts
▪ Corticosteroid injection
Surgical:
▪ Decompress the nerve
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Flatfoot
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Flatfoot
Congenital:
▪ A structural abnormality leading to abnormal rearfoot alignment, abnormal joint motion and too much pressure on rearfoot
Acquired:
▪ Often involves progressive weakening of supportive rearfoot structures and gradual collapse of the arch
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Treatment of Flatfoot
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Orthotics
▪ Bracing
▪ Functional supports
▪ Physical therapy
Surgical:
▪ Reconstruction
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Bunions
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▪ More than just a bump
▪ Reflects changes in the bony structure
▪ Big toe leans toward second toe, misaligning the bones
▪ More than just a bump
Symptoms:
▪ Pain or soreness
▪ Redness and inflammation
Bunions
▪Burning or numbness
▪ Difficulty wearing certain shoes
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Bunion Treatment
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Changes in shoewear
▪ Padding
▪ Corticosteroid injection
▪ Orthotics
Surgical:
▪ Bunionectomy
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Hammertoe
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▪ Abnormal bend in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th or little toe
Symptoms:
▪ Bend in the toe
▪ Pain / irritation when wearing shoes
▪ Corns and calluses
▪ Redness and inflammation
▪ More severe cases: open sores
Hammertoe
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Hammertoe Treatment
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Padding
▪ Changes in shoewear
▪ Orthotics
▪ Splinting or strapping
Surgical:
▪ Often bunionectomy and hammertoe correction at the same time
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Arthritis in the Foot and Ankle
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▪ Most common in the midfoot, big toe or ankle
▪ An inflammation of the joint
Symptoms:
▪ Pain and stiffness
▪ Swelling in or near the joint
▪ Difficulty walking or bending the joint
Arthritis in the Foot and Ankle
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Ankle Arthritis Treatment
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ NSAID, such as ibuprofen
▪ Rigid ankle bracing
▪ Corticosteroid injections
Surgical:
▪ Fusion (arthrodesis)
▪ Total ankle replacement (arthroplasty)
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Hallux Limitus/Hallux Rigidus
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Osteoarthritis in the big toe (the hallux)
▪ Hallux limitus
▪ Motion is somewhat limited
▪ Hallux rigidus
▪ Range of motion decreases
▪ End stage: big toe is stiff
Hallux Limitus / Hallux Rigidus
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Treatment of Hallux Limitus/ Hallux Rigidus
Conservative (nonsurgical):
▪ Changes in shoewear
▪ Orthotics
▪ Anti-inflammatory medication
▪ Corticosteroid injections
▪ Physical therapy
Surgical:
▪ Joint-sparing procedures; fusion; joint implant, etc.
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Shoe Selection
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▪ Shoe selection depends on your needs
▪ Some conditions may require custom-made shoes or modifications
▪ Shoes should provide stability and rigidity
▪ No specific company is better
▪ Be sure to test each shoe individually
Shoe Selection: What You Should Know
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(Place DPM contact info here)
Effective Relief is Available for Your Foot/Ankle Pain
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