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Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
Photo credit:
• Energy efficiency benefits
• Where is CHP being used?
• Case studies:• City of Saskatoon
Leisure Facilities
• Landfill Gas Project
• St. Paul’s Hospital
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How Canadians Use Energy
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Cogeneration (CHP)
• The simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energy from a single fuel
• Improvement in overall efficiency of 30 – 35%
• Overall efficiency can approach 85% for some systems
CHP System Types:
1. Gas turbines
2. Reciprocating engines
3. Microturbines
4. Fuel cells
5. Stirling engines
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CHP versus Conventional Systems
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CHP – Leisure Facilities
Lakewood Civic Centre
• 155 KWe, 230 KWth
• 55% of avg. KVA demand• 53% of electrical KWhr
• Capital Cost $600,000• Annual savings $31,000
Shaw Centre
• 265 KWe, 404 KWth
• 35% of avg. KVA demand• 32% of electrical KWhr
• Capital Cost $700,000• Annual savings $39,000
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ENER-G
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Lakewood CHP Unit
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Heat Exchangers
Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger in Boiler Plant
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Landfill Gas Project$15 M Capital Cost, $1.2 M Annual Power Sales
Annual GHG Reduction of 50,000 tonnes CO2e
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Landfill Gas Collection
Methane 50-55%
Carbon Dioxide 40-50%
Nitrogen 0-10%
Oxygen 0-1%
Energy Value 18 MJ/m3 (500 Btu/ft3)
Typical gas composition:
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Project Layout
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Gas Collection Facility
• The Gas Collection Facility draws gas from the wellfield, and flares the gas or removes moisture and particulates from the gas and sends the gas to the Power Generation Facility.
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Power Generation Facility
• The Power Generation Facility combusts the landfill gas in two 815 KWe Landfill Gas Engine-Generator sets, generating electricity that is sold to SaskPower for approximately $1.2 million annually.
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Power Generation Facility
• Two 815 KWe, 1175 KWth engine-generator sets
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Power Generation Facility
• Each engine consumes approximately 230 cfm (9.4 E3M3D) of Landfill Gas when running at full output.
• LFG contains approximately 50-55% methane with energy content of 500 Btu/scf (18 GJ/E3M3)
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Engine Exhaust Heat Recovery
Heat Rejection to Exhaust (LHV to 350°F):
24,766 Btu/min (435 KW)
Glycol/Water Loop Heater
Exhaust Stack Temperature: 847 °F
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Engine Jacket Water Heat Recovery
Plate and Frame Heat Exchanger
Heat Rejection to Jacket:
42,129 Btu/min (740 KW)
EJW Outlet Temperature: 230 °F
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St. Paul’s Hospital CHP Project
• 800 KWe, 900 KWth
• 40% of electrical KWhr
• Capital Cost $4 Million• Annual savings $250,000• 3,000 t CO2e reduction
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Boiler Replacement
Steam / Utility Tunnel
No. 1 Boiler Installed in 1963$920,000 Replacement Cost
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Heating Loop - Typical
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Questions?
Powerhouse 1906 - Photograph LH-5281 by Peter McKenzie courtesy Saskatoon Public Library - Local History Room.