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Combine Harvesting in Sweden and Related Research at JTI
Gunnar Lundin
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Estimated average moisture content (%) at combine harvesting of winter wheat
Sweden
17-23
France
14-16
Germany16-18
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Narrow harvesting window: 1 month
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Combine Harvesting with Stripper Header (1989-1990)
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1) Rotor 2) Conveyor belt 3) Feeding auger4) Hood
The stripper header from Shelbourne Reynolds Engineering
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Combine harvesting of winter wheat with Claas Dominator 68, header and thresher losses att varying feed rates
Stripper header Conventional header
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Chopping Length Capability and Wear for two Types of Straw Chopper Knives at Combine
Harvesting
Field trials in Uppsala, Sweden and Bietikow, Germany (2001)
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Ploughless tillage increases the demands regarding crop residue handling
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Seedbed preparation starts with the combine harvesting!!
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Smooth
Serrated
Straw chopper knives design(Rekordverken)
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28 smooth knives were mounted on the left hand side of the straw chopper and
28 serrated knives on the right hand side
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mas
s m
edia
n le
ngth
, mm
Smooth Serrated
Average (mass median) lengths for straw chopped with smooth and serrated knives respectively for all measurement occasions.
Measurement occasion
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0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Chop length, mm
Per
cent
age
by w
eigh
t
Smooth knives Serrated knives
Cumulative length distribution for straw chopped with smooth and serrated knives respectively. Data compiled from all measurement occasions.
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Weight of new knives and decrease during the harvest season, average g
New: 243 +/- 1,5Decrease = 2.02
241 +/- 1,5Decrease = 2.02
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CONCLUSIONS
1) Similar performance was achieved for smooth and serrated knives with respect to-chop length-wearing
2) No performance impairment due to wear during the harvest season was observed
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Combine Harvesting of Winter Rape Seed with Extended Headers (2006-2007)
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Earlier trials in winter rape: header losses ≥5 %
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Firm header extensions
Biso Zürn
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Massey-Ferguson Power Flow Premium Flow (Zürn)
Conveyor-assisted headers
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Telescopic header
New Holland
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Field trials with Claas 570 & 580 equipped with Claas Vario telescopic header
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Three header lengths
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Collecting trays 8*95 cm
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Distribution of collecting trays
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Header losses at different header lengths during 2007
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Header length, cm
From each header segment, kg/ha Sum
Knife only Header centre
Header right side
kg/ha % of yield
63 (normal)
73 69 14 156 4,4
83 25 31 14 70 2,0
113 12 13 11 36 1,0
Header losses when crop only on the right hand side,
average during 2006 & 2007
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To sum up:
The investigation showed that headers specially adapted for rapeseed harvest can:
1) Decrease the losses with about 100 kg per hectare
2) Increase the harvesting capacity
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Conclusions
1) Use vertical knife in order to decrease losses as well as
stoppages
2) At large acreages investments in longer headers should be
considered:
- For an existing combine harvester, firm header extension
- By purchase of a new combine harvester, telescopic or
conveyor-assisted header
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Simultaneous Harvesting of Straw and Chaff (2009)
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The crop residues from the clening shoe is normally left close to the ground
If collected the total amount of harvested residues would theoretically increase with 30 % (wheat)
Caff fraction
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Rekordverken Combi System: The chaff can be distributed across the working width of the
combine harvester as well as be admixed into the straw
Available to: Sampo Rosenlew, New Holland (model CX) and JohnDeere (models W and T).
Straw chopper: Turned on Turned off
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Wide spread Admixed
Chaff handling
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Field drying, variety Olivin
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Crop residue yield
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Simultaneous harvesting of straw and chaff, conclusions
1) Reduced initial moisture content in the swath behind the combine.2) Bale density and weight was not affected3) The total yield of crop residues increased by 14 %4) The ash content increased by 1 percentage unit. 5) No significant change in net calorific value or ash melting behavior
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Reduced Fuel Consumption at Combine Harvesting by Adaption of the Straw Cutting Rate - New Technique of Measurement (2013)
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Source: Rekordverken Sweden AB
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Power demand of the straw chopper. Design of measurement hub developed at University of Hohenheim (Schwarz et al 2011)
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John Deere T 660 equipped with measuring system for the straw chopper power demand.
Straw chopper: Rekord Maxi Spreader
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Collecting of chopped straw for analyse of chopping length 3 september 2013
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Thanks for kind listening!
Acknowledgements:
Foundation for Swedish Oil Plant Research
Rekordverken Sweden AB
Swedish Farmrs’ Foundation for Agricultural Research
Swedish Farmers Supply and Crop Marketing Association