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Southeast Brazil Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna
26 September - 13 October 2009
Tour leader: Nick Athanas
Report and photos by Nick Athanas all photos were taken on the tour
Photo left: Yellow-fronted Woodpecker from
Intervales State Park Our 2009 Southeast Brazil tour was surprising in many ways. Only two people signed up for it, thanks in large part to the global recession. Even though time was short and I had already pretty much given up on the tour, I decided to run it anyway, a decision I nearly came to regret, as it
was a struggle to get lodge spaces at short notice. Fortuned smiled broadly, and it all came together in the end. A pity no one else signed up, as it turned out to be one of the most successful tours I've ever guided. Despite missing nearly a day at Intervales due to a cancelled flight, not to mention having more than out share of rain due to El Niño, and overlapping with a crazy busy holiday weekend near the end, and not even going at an excessively fast pace, we managed to see more birds on this tour than I every have before. For reasons we'll never know, the birds were just especially responsive and easy to see. Normally shy birds showed well, most notably the antbirds, of which we saw (well!) 33 of the 34 species possible on the itinerary. We came to expect surprises after a series of unexpected "write-ins" bolstered the list. A terrific trip in the end, with a list that will be hard to top, but I'll sure give it a shot in 2010! Intervales The trip certainly did not start well. Bob & Tony had their flight to São Paulo cancelled due to a TAP airlines pilot strike, and arrived 24 hours late. Intervales is arguable the best spot on the entire tour, and to miss a day here is really painful. We all agreed to minimize the damage by getting up at a ridiculously early hour and driving straight to Intervales in time to save part of the morning. This worked out well, and we got to the state park by 7:45am, even seeing our only Streamer-tailed Tyrant en route. We still ended up having two full days at this remote and fantastic park, and as usual it did not disappoint. You are required to be accompanied by a park ranger while here, but a couple of them are great birders and it would a good idea to hire them even it weren't necessary. We had Luis this time, and I've birded with him on many other trips, and he really knows the birds here. His brother is also getting quite good! Here are some of the key birds we saw during our time at Intervales, and most of them we saw nowhere else on the tour: Black-fronted Piping-Guan, Pileated Parrot, Long-trained Nightjar, Dusky-throated Hermit, Buff-bellied Puffbird, Saffron and Spot-billed Toucanets, Ochre-collared Piculet, Yellow-fronted Woodpecker, Rufous-breasted Leaftosser, Orange-breasted Thornbird, Pale-browed Treehunter, Spot-backed, Giant, Large-tailed, and White-bearded Antshrikes, Bertoni's and Ochre-rumped Antbirds, Squamate Antbird, Sao Paulo, Bay-ringed, and Oustalet's Tyrannulets, Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant, Sharpbill, Hooded Berryeater, Bare-throated Bellbird, Cinnamon-vented Piha, Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, Black-legged Dacnis, and Half-collared Sparrow.
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Ubatuba After our final morning at Intervales, we drove back through São Paulo where the traffic was thankfully not too bad, stopping near Moji da Cruzes for the Parana Antwren. This bird was far harder this year than previous years thanks to the rainy winter and a new fence built by the owner to keep unscrupulous neighbors from dumping their trash. Even though I got permission to go in, there is no gate, we had to go through the barbed-wire fence and wade through the flooded reedbeds. We were all completely soaked by the end of it, but luckily a male came in at the 11th hour and we had great views of it. We spent the next three nights not far from Ubatuba, birding several different spots in the area. Heavy rain cost us some birding time, but on some of these occasions we were able to escape to Jonas's fantastic hummer and banana feeders, where we had 11 hummers including Saw-billed Hermit, Sombre Hummingbird, Black Jacobin, Festive Coquette, and White-chinned Sapphire, as well as tons of tanagers on the fruit like Azure-shouldered, Golden-chevroned, Brazilian, and Green-headed. A singing Shrike-like Cotinga almost next to the main highway may have been the biggest surprise of the trip. It came straight in to playback for brilliant views, and a woman walking down the road to work even stopped to have a look, wondering what all the excitement was about! It was a young bird, probably wandering in search of a territory, as it was not refound. Other nice sightings from around here included Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle, Blond-crested Woodpecker, Orange-eyed Thornbird, Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner, Tufted Antshrike, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Unicolored Antwren, Scaled Antbird, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Spotted Bamboowren, Slaty Bristlefront, Gray-capped Tyrannulet, Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant, and Buff-throated Purpletuft. Our final morning we birded north of the town of Perequê, the best known stake-out for Black-hooded Antwren, which we found easily (nest building) as well as Tataupa Tinamou next to the road, a brilliant male Frilled Coquette, our only Yellow-eared Woodpecker, Chestnut-backed Antshrike, Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant, Riverbank Warbler, and others.
Saw-billed Hermit Sombre Hummingbird
Azure-shouldered Tanager
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REGUA As we arrived at Guapi Assu Bird Lodge, there was one of the reintroduced Red-billed Curassows right in the driveway. It had lost it's radio transmitter - does that make it "tickable"? Hey, I'm not the list police. There was time for some birding around the wetlands in the afternoon. The birding is easy and there's a lot to see. A few of the better ones were Masked Duck, Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Wing-banded Hornero, Yellow-chinned Spinetail, Black-capped Donacobius, and Chestnut-capped Blackbird. Staying out after dusk got us the stunning Tawny-browed Owl as well as a somewhat unexpected Spot-tailed Nightjar sitting on the ground. The next day we took a rather long hike up into the reserve. The weather was looking bad, but luckily the rain held off, and it was a pleasantly cool day with great bird activity. Having already seen the Shrike-like Cotinga in Ubatuba, we could relax and take our time up the trail, finding White-necked Hawk, Surucua Trogon, Rufous-capped Motmot, Crescent-chested Puffbird, Yellow-throated Woodpecker, Black-capped and White-eyed Foliage-gleaners, White-throated Woodcreeper,
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike, Gray-hooded Flycatcher, Grayish Mourner, Pin-tailed and Swallow-tailed Manakins, Temminck's Seedeater, and Blue-naped Chlorophonia. The best bird of the day had to be the Black-capped Screech-Owl that flew out of it's roosting hole when we got too close and sat full in the open on a branch! Check out the photo above. On our second full day, we took a long day trip up to Pico da Caledonia in the Serra dos Órgãos mountains. The target here is the extremely local Gray-winged Cotinga, which did not disappoint, as it came in and showed itself better than ever. We also had Black-and-gold Cotinga here (photo left) as other high elevation birds like Plovercrest, Rufous-tailed Antbird, Rufous-backed Antvireo, and Mouse-colored Tapaculo.
White-necked Hawk Rufous-tailed Antbird
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Before heading for Itatiaia, we took a detour to the coast to see Restinga Antwren. We saw it easily, also finding a surprise Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch nearby. A strong south wind brought a few pelagics in close, and we saw a few Manx Shearwaters and a Parasitic Jaeger among the more common Brown Boobies. We drove a few hours to Itatiaia National Park, seeing the landmarks of Rio as we crossed over the 13 km Niterói Bridge (the longest in South America).
Itatiaia This is the oldest of Brazil's national parks, and one of the most visited. It provides easy access to nice forest from the foothills all the way up to treeline. Access to the highest elevations is along a different road, so we stayed in two different hotels to minimize travel time, both superb, the Hotel do Ypê and the Hotel São Gotardo. We had a day of birding out of the Ypê, and it started with a bang with a Swallow-tailed Cotinga from the parking lot right after breakfast - one of the coolest and most sought-after birds of the Atlantic Forest, and the only one we saw on the tour. It was hard to beat that but we tried with a terrific Robust Woodpecker seen soon after. Other birds for the day included Dusky-legged Guan, Scale-throated Hermit, Scaled Woodcreeper, White-bibbed Antbird, Such's Antthrush, Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant, Buffy-fronted Seedeater, and a decidedly uncooperative Southern Antpipit. Next day we left early to drive the 1h15m to the Algulhas Negras road at the upper part of the park, where the birding was absolutely out-of-this-world. The birds were virtually falling into our laps, and we
had seen pretty much everything available by lunchtime! Not just the easy ones, either. A partial list of the victims of our binoculars: Speckle-breasted Antpitta, Rufous-tailed Antthrush, Black-capped Piprites, Itatiaia Spinetail (photo above), Araucaria Tit-Spinetail, Gray-bellied Spinetail, Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper, Thick-billed Saltator, Olivaceous Elaenia, Serra do Mar, Mottle-cheeked, and Greenish Tyrannulets, Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin, Bay-chested and Buff-throated Warbling-Finches, Blackish Rail, and White-rumped Hawk. Having pretty much cleaned up, we took the afternoon off and relaxed at the beautiful hotel right at the start of the road.
Dusky-legged Guan Green-headed Tanager
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Canastra We arrived at Canastra in the middle of a torrential rainstorm, so we went to check in to the hotel in São Roque before going out birding. We spent an afternoon and a full day on the south side of the Canastra escarpment. Most of the accessible birding areas are outside of the national park, but despite this it is the best place in the world to look for Brazilian Merganser, and the birding is easy with daily lists often reaching 120 species. It took some searching to get the mergansers, but we finally found a big family sitting on a rock in the middle of the São Francisco River. Other birds we saw here included Buff-necked Ibis, Red-legged Seriema, Yellow-chevroned Parakeet, Great Dusky Swift, Toco Toucan, Sooty-fronted and Pale-breasted Spinetails, Firewood-gatherer, Narrow-billed Woodcreeper, Black-capped Antwren, Crested Black-Tyrant, Helmeted Manakin, Curl-crested Jay, White-bellied Warbler, Chestnut-headed Tanager, Blue Finch, Black-throated Saltator, and Saffron-billed Sparrow. White-wedged Piculet (photo left) was another surprise write-in and a first for the tour. On our second full day,
we drove up to the top of the plateau and birded the tall grasslands, which host a very distinctive and threatened avifauna. The holiday weekend was in full swing, and the normally deserted rough road through the park looked like a superhighway at times. Somehow this didn't seem to bother the birds, and we even had two tinamous in the road, Red-winged Tinamou and Spotted Nothura, which seemed ridiculous! Some other birds we saw up here were White-eared Puffbird, Rufous-winged Antshrike, Plain-crested and Lesser Elaenias, Sharp-tailed Tyrant, Cock-tailed Tyrant, Tawny-headed Swallow, Sedge Wren, Ochre-breasted Pipit, White-rumped Tanager, Plumbeous Seedeater, Great Pampa-Finch, and Black-masked Finch.
Brazilian Merganser Black Tufted-ear Marmoset
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Caraça We left Canastra early for the long drive east. A random leg-stretching stop got us a flock of Bare-faced Ibis, a first for this tour, and a short stop at a state park near Belo Horizonte produced the expected Three-toed Jacamar. We carried on to Caraça, which was a mob scene thanks to the holiday weekend. There were only a few targets for us here, and we picked them up pretty easily either that afternoon or the next morning, including Serra Antwren, Dusky-tailed Antbird (better views than at Intervales), Green-backed Becard, Gilt-edged Tanager, and Golden-rumped Euphonia. Unfortunately the huge crowds kept the normally reliable Maned Wolves away from the monastery. At one point after dinner there were over 100 people crowded onto the church steps, making so much noise that I can't blame the poor animal for not coming in to eat the chicken bones left out for it!
Dusky-tailed Antbird Masked Titi-Monkey
Gilt-edged Tanager Golden-rumped Euphonia
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Cipó I took a different road north that completely avoided the city of Belo Horizonte, and allowed us to bird a side road that produced a tour-first Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin even in the heat of the day, as well as a few other things. We checked into our chalets near the Serra do Cipó as hordes of vacationers were checking out - a good sign! It was near the end of the tour, with only an afternoon and a morning remaining, but we were down to a last few key birds, which again proved remarkably easy. The target endemics were Hyacinth Visorbearer, Cipo Canastero, Gray-backed Tachuri, and Cinereous Warbling-Finch, but we saw a few other nice things too, such as a much better Blue Finch compared to the dull juve we had seen a few days ago, and White-vented Violet-ear, Horned Sungem, Suiriri Flycatcher, Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant, and White-banded Tanager.
Cipo Canastero
Blue Finch
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BIRD LIST This list includes all the bird species that were recorded by at least one of the group, including the leader. Taxonomy and nomenclature follow: Clements, James F. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. Sixth Edition, 2007, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, including all updates through December 2009.
Totals: 464 bird species seen 17 heard only
Abbreviations: H=Heard only (I)=Introduced species (E)=Species endemic to Brazil (VU)=Considered vulnerable by BirdLife International (EN)=Considered endangered by BirdLife International (CR)=Considered critically endangered by BirdLife International
TINAMOUS TINAMIDAE
Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius
Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus
H Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris
Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa
Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens
Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa
H Dwarf Tinamou Taoniscus nanus
DUCKS, GEESE, AND WATERFOWL ANATIDAE
White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis
White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis
Brazilian Merganser (CR) Mergus octosetaceus
Masked Duck Nomonyx dominica
GUANS, CURASSOWS, AND ALLIES CRACIDAE
Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris
Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura
Black-fronted Piping-Guan (EN) Pipile jacutinga
Red-billed Curassow (E-EN, reintroduced) Crax blumenbachii
NEW WORLD QUAIL ODONTOPHORIDAE
H Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira
GREBES PODICIPEDIDAE
Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS PROCELLARIIDAE
Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus
BOOBIES AND GANNETS SULIDAE
Brown Booby Sula leucogaster
CORMORANTS PHALACROCORACIDAE
Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
FRIGATEBIRDS FREGATIDAE
Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens
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HERONS, EGRETS, AND BITTERNS ARDEIDAE
Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum
Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi
Great Egret Ardea alba
Snowy Egret Egretta thula
Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron Butorides striata
Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix
Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
IBISES AND SPOONBILLS THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus
Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus
Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja
NEW WORLD VULTURES CATHARTIDAE
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus
King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa
HAWKS, EAGLES, AND KITES ACCIPITRIDAE
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus
Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens
White-necked Hawk (E-VU) Leucopternis lacernulatus
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris
White-rumped Hawk Buteo leucorrhous
White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus
Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus
Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus
FALCONS AND CARACARAS FALCONIDAE
Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
H Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus
Southern Caracara Caracara plancus
Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima
American Kestrel Falco sparverius
Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis
RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS RALLIDAE
Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius
Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea
Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Aramides saracura
H Russet-crowned Crake Anurolimnas viridis
H Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis
Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans
Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus
SERIEMAS CARIAMIDAE
Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata
PLOVERS AND LAPWINGS CHARADRIIDAE
Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis
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American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus
STILTS AND AVOCETS RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Black-necked (White-backed) Stilt Himantopus mexicanus melanurus
JACANAS JACANIDAE
Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana
SANDPIPERS AND ALLIES SCOLOPACIDAE
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia
Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres
Sanderling Calidris alba
GULLS LARIDAE: LARINAE
Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus
TERNS LARIDAE: STERNINAE
Common Tern Sterna hirundo
Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus
Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis acuflavidus
Sandwich (Cayenne) Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus
SKUAS AND JAEGERS STERCORARIIDAE
Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus
PIGEONS AND DOVES COLUMBIDAE
Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia
Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis
Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro
Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea
Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
Scaled Dove Columbina squammata
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
H Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla
PARROTS PSITTACIDAE
Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis
White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalma
Golden-capped Parakeet (E) Aratinga auricapillus
Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea
Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius
Plain Parakeet (E) Brotogeris tirica
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri
Pileated (Red-capped) Parrot Pionopsitta pileata
Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani
CUCKOOS CULIDAE
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
Guira Cuckoo Guira guira
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia
H Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani
OWLS STRIGIDAE
Tropical Screech-Owl Megascops choliba
Black-capped (Variable) Screech-Owl Megascops atricapilla
Tawny-browed Owl Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum
Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
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H Rusty-barred Owl Strix hylophila
NIGHTJARS AND ALLIES CAPRIMULGIDAE
Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus
Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
Spot-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus maculicaudus
Long-trained Nightjar Macropsalis forcipata
POTOOS NYCTIBIIDAE
H Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus
SWIFTS APODIDAE
Sooty Swift Cypseloides fumigatus
Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris
Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne biscutata
Sick's Swift Chaetura meridionalis
Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris
HUMMINGBIRDS TROCHILIDAE
Saw-billed Hermit (E) Ramphodon naevius
Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus
Dusky-throated Hermit (E) Phaethornis squalidus
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber
Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei
Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura
Sombre Hummingbird (E) Aphantochroa cirrochloris
Black Jacobin Florisuga fuscus
White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris
Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis
Plovercrest (E) Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi
Frilled Coquette (E) Lophornis magnificus
Festive Coquette Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus
Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris
Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis
White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus
White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis
Versicolored Emerald Amazilia versicolor versicolor
Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata
Brazilian Ruby (E) Clytolaema rubricauda
Hyacinth Visorbearer (E) Augastes scutatus
Horned Sungem Heliactin bilophus
Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina
TROGONS TROGONIDAE
Green-backed (White-tailed) Trogon Trogon viridis melanopterus
Surucua Trogon (yellow - north) (E) Trogon surrucura aurantius
Surucua Trogon (red - south) Trogon surrucura surrucura
Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus
MOTMOTS MOMOTIDAE
Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus
KINGFISHERS ALCEDINIDAE
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
PUFFBIRDS BUCCONIDAE
Buff-bellied Puffbird (E) Notharchus swainsoni
White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru
Crescent-chested Puffbird (E) Malacoptila striata
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JACAMARS GALBULIDAE
Three-toed Jacamar (E-VU) Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda
TOUCANS RAMPHASTIDAE
Saffron Toucanet (E) Pteroglossus bailloni
Spot-billed Toucanet Selenidera maculirostris
Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco
Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus ariel
Red-breasted Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus
WOODPECKERS PICIDAE
White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus
Ochre-collared Piculet Picumnus temminckii
White-wedged Piculet Picumnus albosquamatus guttifer
White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus
Yellow-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes flavifrons
Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus
White-spotted Woodpecker Veniliornis spilogaster
Yellow-eared Woodpecker (E) Veniliornis maculifrons
Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula erythropis
White-browed (Yellow-browed) Woodpecker Piculus aurulentus
Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros
Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris campestris
Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus
Robust Woodpecker Campephilus robustus
OVENBIRDS FURNARIIDAE: FURNARIINAE
H Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser Sclerurus scansor scansor
Wing-banded (Tail-banded) Hornero (E) Furnarius figulus
Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus
Araucaria Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura setaria
Itatiaia Spinetail (Thistletail) (E) Oreophylax moreirae
Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla
Gray-bellied Spinetail Synallaxis cinerascens
Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis
Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens
Spix's (Chicli) Spinetail Synallaxis spixi
Pallid Spinetail (E) Cranioleuca pallida
Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus
Cipo Canastero (E-VU) Asthenes luizae
Rufous-fronted (Common) Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons
Orange-eyed (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus
Orange-breasted (Red-eyed) Thornbird (E) Phacellodomus ferrugineigula
Firewood-gatherer Anumbius annumbi
Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata
Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner Philydor lichtensteini
Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus
Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufum
White-collared Foliage-gleaner (E) Anabazenops fuscus
Pale-browed Treehunter (E) Cichlocolaptes leucophrus
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus l. leucophthalmus
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura
Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus
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Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans
WOODCREEPERS FURNARIIDAE: DENDROCOLAPTINAE
Plain-brown (Thrush-like) Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus
White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Planalto Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
Scaled Woodcreeper (E) Lepidocolaptes squamatus
Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius
TYPICAL ANTBIRDS THAMNOPHILIDAE
Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus
Giant Antshrike Batara cinerea
Large-tailed Antshrike Mackenziaena leachii
Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa
Great Antshrike Taraba major
White-bearded Antshrike (VU) Biatas nigropectus
Rufous-capped Antshrike Thamnophilus r. ruficapillus
Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus
Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus vestitus
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike (E) Thamnophilus ambiguus
Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus c. caerulescens
Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax
Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis mentalis
Rufous-backed Antvireo (E) Dysithamnus xanthopterus
Star-throated Antwren (E) Myrmotherula gularis
White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa
Unicolored Antwren (E) Myrmotherula unicolor
Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus
Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Black-hooded Antwren (E-EN) Formicivora erythronotos
Serra Antwren (E) Formicivora serrana
Restinga Antwren (E-CR) Formicivora littoralis
Parana Antwren (E-EN) Stymphalornis acutirostris
Ferruginous Antbird (E) Drymophila ferruginea
Bertoni's Antbird Drymophila rubricollis
Rufous-tailed Antbird (E) Drymophila genei
Ochre-rumped Antbird (E) Drymophila ochropyga
Dusky-tailed Antbird Drymophila malura
Scaled Antbird (E) Drymophila squamata
Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata
White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera
White-bibbed Antbird (E) Myrmeciza loricata
Squamate Antbird (E) Myrmeciza squamosa
ANTTHRUSHES FORMICARIIDAE
Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma
Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza c. campanisona
Such's (Cryptic) Antthrush (E) Chamaeza meruloides
Rufous-tailed (Brazilian) Antthrush Chamaeza ruficauda
ANTPITTAS GRALLARIIDAE
H Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia imperator
Speckle-breasted Antpitta Hylopezus nattereri
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GNATEATERS CONOPOPHAGIDAE
Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata vulgaris
Black-cheeked Gnateater (E) Conopophaga melanops
TAPACULOS RHINOCRYPTIDAE
Spotted Bamboowren Psilorhamphus guttatus
Slaty Bristlefront (E) Merulaxis ater
H White-breasted Tapaculo (E) Eleoscytalopus indigoticus
Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae
H Brasilia Tapaculo (E) Scytalopus novacapitalis
CRESCENTCHESTS MELANOPAREIDAE
H Collared Crescentchest Melanopareia torquata
TYRANT FLYCATCHERS TYRANNIDAE
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum
Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri suiriri
Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola
Gray-backed Tachuri (E) Polystictus superciliaris
Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps caniceps
Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster
Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca
Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis
Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura
Sooty Tyrannulet Serpophaga nigricans
White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata
Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus oleagineus
Gray-hooded Flycatcher (E) Mionectes rufiventris
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis
Sao Paulo Tyrannulet Phylloscartes paulista
Oustalet's Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti
Serra do Mar Tyrannulet (E) Phylloscartes difficilis
Bay-ringed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes sylviolus
Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias b. burmeisteri
Greenish Tyrannulet Phyllomyias virescens
Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus
Gray-capped Tyrannulet (E) Phyllomyias griseocapilla
Sharp-tailed Tyrant (VU) Culicivora caudacuta
Southern Antpipit Corythopis delalandi
Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis
Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops
Brown-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus obsoletus
Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus orbitatus
Hangnest Tody-Tyrant (E) Hemitriccus nidipendulus
Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer
Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant (E-VU) Hemitriccus furcatus
Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps
Gray-headed (Yellow-lored) Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum
Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias s. sulphurescens
White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus
H Russet-winged Spadebill (VU) Platyrinchus leucoryphus
Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa
Whiskered (Yellow-rumped) Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus mastacalis
Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus ridgwayi
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Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus flammiceps
Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri
Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus cinereus
Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus
Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris
Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes
Velvety Black-Tyrant (E) Knipolegus nigerrimus
Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys
Gray Monjita Xolmis cinereus
White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velatus
Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa
Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant Muscipipra vetula
Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta nengeta
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala
Cock-tailed Tyrant (VU) Alectrurus tricolor
Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus
Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa
Large-headed Flatbill Ramphotrigon megacephalum
Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus
Sirystes Sirystes sibilator sibilator
Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex
Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox
Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus
Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgatus
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius
White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
SHARPBILL OXYRUNCIDAE
Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus
COTINGAS COTINGIDAE
Hooded Berryeater (E) Carpornis cucullata
Bare-throated Bellbird (VU) Procnias nudicollis
Black-and-gold Cotinga (E) Tijuca atra
Gray-winged Cotinga (E-VU) Tijuca condita
Cinnamon-vented Piha (E) Lipaugus lanioides
Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus
Swallow-tailed Cotinga Phibalura flavirostris flavirostris
MANAKINS PIPRIDAE
Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens
Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma chrysolophum
Pin-tailed Manakin Ilicura militaris
White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus
Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata
Swallow-tailed (Blue) Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata
Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris
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Black-capped Piprites Piprites pileata
TITYRAS AND ALLIES TITYRIDAE
Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana
Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor
Greenish Schiffornis Schiffornis virescens
Buff-throated Purpletuft (E) Iodopleura pipra
Shrike-like Cotinga (VU) Laniisoma elegans elegans
Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis viridis
Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus
White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus
Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus
VIREOS VIREONIDAE
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus diversus
Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis
Gray-eyed Greenlet (E) Hylophilus amaurocephalus
Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
CROWS, JAYS, AND MAGPIES CORVIDAE
Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus
SWALLOWS HIRUNDINIDAE
Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca
Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata
White-thighed Swallow Atticora tibialis
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer
White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
WRENS TROGLODYTIDAE
Long-billed Wren (E) Thryothorus longirostris
House Wren Troglodytes aedon
Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis polyglottus
DONACOBIUS DONACOBIIDAE
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla
GNATCATCHERS POLIOPTILIDAE
Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus
THRUSHES AND ALLIES TURDIDAE
Yellow-legged Thrush Turdus flavipes
Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas
Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris
Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus
White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis
MOCKINGBIRDS MIMIDAE
Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus
PIPITS MOTACILLIDAE
Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens lutescens
Ochre-breasted Pipit (VU) Anthus nattereri
Hellmayr's Pipit Anthus hellmayri
NEW WORLD WARBLERS PARULIDAE
Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi
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Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis velata
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
White-bellied Warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus
Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus
White-browed (White-rimmed) Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus
Riverbank (Neotropical River) Warbler Phaeothlypis rivularis
BANANAQUIT COEREBIDAE
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola
TANAGERS AND ALLIES THRAUPIDAE
Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus
Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus
White-banded Tanager Neothraupis fasciata
Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata
Olive-green Tanager (E) Orthogonys chloricterus
Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida
Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps
White-rumped Tanager Cypsnagra hirundinacea
Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops
Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum
Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla
Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus
Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus
Brazilian Tanager (E) Ramphocelus bresilius
Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca
Azure-shouldered Tanager (E) Thraupis cyanoptera
Golden-chevroned Tanager (E) Thraupis ornata
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum
Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus
Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota
Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon
Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala
Brassy-breasted Tanager (E) Tangara desmaresti
Gilt-edged Tanager (E) Tangara cyanoventris
Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana
Black-legged Dacnis (E) Dacnis nigripes
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana
Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza
Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis
Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis
Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis
Thick-billed Saltator Saltator maxillosus
Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus
Black-throated Grosbeak Saltator fuliginosus
EMBERIZID FINCHES EMBERIZIDAE
(Yellow-billed) Blue Finch Porphyrospiza caerulescens
Bay-chested Warbling-Finch (E) Poospiza thoracica
Buff-throated (Red-rumped) Warbling-Finch (E) Poospiza lateralis
Cinereous Warbling-Finch (E-VU) Poospiza cinerea
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
Buffy-fronted Seedeater (VU) Sporophila frontalis
Temminck's Seedeater (VU) Sporophila falcirostris
Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea
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Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis
Dubois's Seedeater (E) Sporophila ardesiaca
Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens
White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera
Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Oryzoborus angolensis
Uniform Finch Haplospiza unicolor
Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola
Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch Emberizoides herbicola
Great Pampa-Finch Embernagra platensis
Pale-throated Pampa-Finch (E) Embernagra longicauda
Black-masked Finch (VU) Coryphaspiza melanotis
Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus
Half-collared Sparrow (E) Arremon semitorquatus
Saffron-billed Sparrow Arremon flavirostris
Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
GROSBEAKS AND ALLIES CARDINALIDAE
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica
AMERICAN ORIOLES & BLACKBIRDS ICTERIDAE
White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris
Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi
Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus
Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro
Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis
Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous
Golden-winged Cacique Cacicus chrysopterus
Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus
SISKINS, EUPHONIAS, AND ALLIES FRINGILLIDAE
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica
Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea
H Green-throated (-chinned) Euphonia Euphonia chalybea
Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala
Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis
Blue-naped Chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea
Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanicus
OLD WORLD SPARROWS PASSERIDAE
House Sparrow (I) Passer domesticus
WAXBILLS ESTRILDIDAE
Common Waxbill (I) Estrilda astrild