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Livestock housing, health, welfare: feedback of a veterinary practice specializing in pig farming.
Céline CHEVANCEDr Pauline BERTON
Porc.Spective - France
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Lille - 22 to 24 February 2017Livestock housing: let's build the future 2
Summary
1. Porc.Spective: Expertise in pig veterinary medicine
2. Impact of livestock housing on the health and well-being ofpigs
3. Effects on health related to a ventilation problem
4. Reflections for efficient livestock housing of the future
5. Porc.Spective’s involvement in new projects
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Porc.Spective: the firm
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Lille - 22 to 24 February 2017Livestock housing: let's build the future 4
Porc.Spective: the firm
Porc.Spective: 18 years of expertise in veterinary medicine– Advanced Veterinary Studies Certificate (CEAV)– European College of Porcine Health Management (ECPHM)
Within Chêne Vert Conseil (Veterinary group)
• Specialized in organized animalindustries
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Porc.Spective: context of intervention and expertise
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Disappointing performance: what origins?
Intervention
6 veterinaries and
2 technicians, always in
pairs!
HOUSING
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Ventilation: the assets of the firm
Lille - 22 to 24 February 2017Livestock housing: let's build the future 7
TOYS
• Context: partial current dataNumber of days 21 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 > 170
Flow required min/pig (m3h) 2 3
?8
?20
Flow required max/pig (m3h) 15 20 30 60
Optimal flow/pig (m3h) (ifip) 15 45
• Our strengths: – Observing pigs and the anticipating health problems– Solid experience in the ventilation of livestock housing
Creation of charts for the ‘intermediate’ stages and ‘non-developed’ stages
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Impact of livestock housing on the health and well-being
of pigs
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Clinical observations related to the housing
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The parameters to be taken into account
• Age• Flooring / type of
housing• Air speed• Type of air inlet• Heating
Perceivedtemperature
• Humidity• Gas and dust
concentrations• Air renewal
Air quality
• Isolation• Air-tightness
Flooring, wallsand pretanks
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Ingestion very low
2 X the maintenance
ration20 kg animal 29°C 21°C
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Effects on health related to a ventilation problem
Illustration by a clinical case: actinobacillose during fattening
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Presentation of the farm and context
• 130 farrowing-fattening sows, 480 places for post-weaning and 880 fattening places
• Context – Summer and end of 2015: cough and mortality at the end of fattening associated with
seizures• Finding: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and PRRS
• Expertise: – Health measures taken– Bacterial problem fostered by an atmosphere error
• Analysis of UNIPORC data on slaughter• Ventilation control
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Diagnosis
VentilationSlaughter data analysis
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• Monolithic brick building• 4 rooms with different air intakes• Air intakes: inadequate sizing and
distribution• Faulty fans room 2
• 40 respiratory seizures + totalseizures from March to Nov 2015
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Recommendations and results
Ventilation Slaughter data analysis
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VENTILATION CONTROL = PREVENTIONReflections on the livestock housing
of the future
• Open the outdoor/indoor airintakes
• Size and improve air intakes inthe room
• Change a fan• Use sliding windows
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Reflections for efficient livestock housing of the
future
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What requirements?
Adapted to today to be ready for tomorrow!
• Sizing• Biosecurity
• Ergonomics• Eco-responsibility
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Batch management?Leaving age and weight per stage?Size of halls?
Cost of design?Manpower, automation, materials needed? Housing maintenance and ageing?
Typology of the livestock farmer?Prospects of expansion?Quality approach?
Milestone 1: To establish the project specifications
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Get the big picture of the farm.
To respect external biosecurityMilestone 1: To establish the project specifications
• External biosecurity right from the first plans!
– Location of the housing on the site• Proximity of risk elements
– Prevailing winds– Movements of animals and people
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Biosecurity, easy if planned!
To respect internal biosecurityMilestone 1: To establish the project specifications
Quarantine Mating Maternity Post-weaning Fattening
Entry vestibule- showers
Loading dock- Boots- Disinfectant
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Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
Eng
PS
"Now I have to live with it!! "
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Promote health by playing with ergonomicsMilestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
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Porti'tou tool trolleyAdaptation of maternity facility workstation
Vestibule adapted for washing the sows.
Vaccination of breeding sows, use of extension
Corridor width: animal and equipment movements
Lighting and presence detector programme
Wash basin at each station, boot washer
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Sizing of air inlets Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
Insufficient ExcessiveCompetition between hallsHeat in summerUnder ventilation-Decrease in consumption-Risk of respiratory problems-Risk of emergence of streptococcal-Risk of digestive problems-Hoof lesions and lameness-Risk of choking
Difficulty of maintaining temperatures in winterAir speed at pig level-Degradation of the Index-Risk of respiratory problems-Risk of emergence of streptococcal-Risk of digestive problems-Carcass fatness-Abnormal behaviour
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Position of air inlets Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
Suitable UnsuitableAdjustable Provided with flangesMultiple
Unprotected and subject to windsNear risk areasPositive pressure
Allows even air distribution in the roof space
Allows cold air to mix with hot airEasily adjustable or automaticallyEASY MAINTENANCE
Does not allow using the corridor as cold zoneNear obstaclesAir speed at pig levelHealth problems and abnormal behaviour
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Sizing and position of air inlets Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
• Severe cases of streptococcal in post-weaning
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• Air inlet too small and subject to winds− Only one gable open− Aspiration in the building − Cold
10 to 15% loss/batch
Construction: 2015
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Sizing of extraction Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
• Zootechnical and health consequences:– Change in feeding behaviour– Digestive and respiratory diseases– Decreased yield
Insufficient Excessive Fans and turbines
Centralized ventilation hatches
Heat in summer Difficulty of maintaining temperatures in winterAir speed at pig levelDifficulty setting at minimum flow
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Design of extraction Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
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• Easy to maintain• Automatic sliding windows• Centralized ventilation: hatch size
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Heating sizing and location Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
• Energy recovery?• Power?• Adjustment?• Positioning in the hall
– Disruption of air circuits– Insufficient heat input
Upkeep!
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Consequences of design errors on well-being Milestone 2: to avoid design pitfalls
Hoof and leg injuries
Thermal discomfort…
Overcrowding Cannibalism
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Through design it is won!Milestone 2: avoid the pitfalls of design
Lille - 22 to 24 February 2017Livestock housing: let's build the future 29Ar
ea of
disc
omfor
t = m
anur
e
Corri
dor =
cold
area
Feeding area
Rest areaActivity area
Wall
TOYS
Feeder and drinker
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Porc.Spective’s involvement in new projects
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Porc.Spective’s involvement in new projects
Involvement in projects, site meetings and
commissioning!
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Overall and field visionobjective
Interventions in pairs
Accurate and updated charts
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!Lille - 22 to 24 February 2017Livestock housing: let's build the future 32
“Alone I go faster, together we go further”African proverb