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Collision Theory and Reaction Rate
Notes
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Rates of Chemical Reactions
• The amount of time it takes for a chemical reaction to come to completion is called the reaction rate
• Reaction rates are different for different reactions– They can range from a fraction of a second to
days or even years
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Why do different reactions have different rates?
• The rates of reaction are related to the properties of particles through a model called collision theory
• Particles will only react if there is an effective or successful collision between them
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In order for particles to react,
1. They must collide
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2. They must collide in the correct orientation to form the activated complex
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• The activated complex is a temporary, unstable arrangement of atoms that may lead to products– It can be thought of as a transition state
between reactants and products
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3. They must collide with a specific minimum amount of energy (activation energy) to form the activated complex
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Collision theory and rate of reaction
• The rate of a reaction can be increased by changing certain factors in a reaction like temperature or concentration of reactants
• These factors will increase the reaction rate if they produce a greater number of effective collisions
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• A greater number of effective collisions can be achieved by anything that– Increases the energy of the reactants – Lowers the activation energy– Produces more collisions per unit of time