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Collageand
Assemblage
http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/shonibare/swing.html
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A brief history . . .
CollageFrench word coller = glue.It refers to an assemblage of mixed media used on a two dimensional surface applied with glue. Materials may include: drawing pencils, paint, textiles, newspaper, scrap papers, photographs … even found objects.
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• 200 BC China: Calligraphers integrated poetry/text + image• Medieval Europe: gold leafing integrated within iconic imagery in Gothic Cathedrals• In the 19th century, collaging became a “hobby,” a precursor for scrapbooking
**Art Historians consider collages’ birth coming out of Modernism inthe early 20th century**
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2-Dimensional Collages…
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Modern Artists: Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque
Fruitdish and Glass, 1912, papier collé and charcoal on paper
Compotier avec fruits, violon et verre
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Pittsburgh Memory 1964 Profile/Part I, The Twenties: Pittsburgh Memories, Farewell Eugene, 1978collage of various papers with paint, ink, graphite, and bleached areas on fiberboard
Photomontage: Romare Bearden
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Entfaltung 2008 Oil on canvas 118.11 x 98.43 inches, 300 x 250 cm
Collage Paintings: Neo Rauch
Pfad2003
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3-Dimensional Collages…
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READY MADE / Found OBJECT art An artwork made from everyday objects or manufactured goods, which have been “appropriated” and used for an alternative purpose—art.The ready-made opened the door for ASSEMBLAGE (3D Collage) Materials: Anything goes! Shoelaces, tree branches, tables, taxidermy animals ….even toilets!
Marcel DuchampFountain1917
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Ready-Made / Assemblage Timeline•Picasso: non-traditional media,1900’s•Duchamp: Ready-Made/Found Object: 1917 •Joseph Cornell: Cabinets 1940’s•First use of the word Assemblage: Jean Dubuffet’s butterflies, 1950’s•Louise Nevelson’s scrap wood, 1950’s – 80’s
Bicycle Wheel
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Jean Dubuffet Butterfly 1953
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2D into 3D:
Collage transforms into Assemblage:even more mixed media…
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Robert RauschenbergCanyon, 1959, Assemblage: oil, housepaint, pencil, paper, fabric, metal, buttons, nails, cardboard, printed paper, photographs, wood, paint tubes, mirror string, pillow & bald eagle on canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
Retroactive I, 1963
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Robert Rauschenberg
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Bed. 1955
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Hotel Eden, 1945
Cabinets of Curiosity, Memory Boxes (3-dimensional souvenir/keepsakes)
Joseph Cornell
Untitled (Paul & Virginia) 1946 - 1948
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Louise Nevelson, Sky Cathedral, 1982
"When you put together things that other people have thrown out, you’re really bringing them to life – a spiritual life that surpasses the
life for which they were originally created.”Louise Nevelson
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Vik Muniz
Vik Muniz, Narcissus, after Caravaggio, from "Pictures of Junk", 2006
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Spiritual Assemblages: Hindu Shrines, Catholic Shrines, Bicycle Shrines
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Sept 9-Oct. 14, 2006
Jessica Stockholder
Wicker chair, plastic tub, light fixture with bulb, synthetic polymer, oil paint, plastic, fabric, concrete, resin, wood, wheels, acrylic yarn, glass and cookie in resin, 71 1/2 x 63 x 50 inches, 1995
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"Lights plug into the wall and call attention to the electrical wires that are in the wall. It’s static to look at these light bulbs. They don’t do anything. It’s a static, still image that the lights present. But it is an event because
electricity moves, and the electricity is active in the wall. So, conceptually, I like it that the stillness of the work is disrupted."
- Jessica Stockholder
"Kissing the Wall #2“ 1988Slide projector screen, newspaper, plaster, oil and acrylic paint, fluorescent tube with purple sleeve, wallpaper, 51 inches high
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Jessica Stockholder— PBS interview on Art 21 series:http://video.pbs.org/video/1239627128
Vik Muniz TED talk:
http://www.ted.com/talks/vik_muniz_makes_art_with_wire_sugar.html