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COLD WAR
• Definition• Origins in World War II
– Atlantic Charter (1941)– The second front in Europe– U.S. economic aid to the Soviet Union– Dealing with occupied territories: Yalta (1945)– Future of Germany– Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project
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COLD WAR – Personalities
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COLD WAR
• Continuing disputes between U.S. and Soviet Union in the immediate postwar period
• Development of American containment policy
Henry WallaceGeorge F.Kennan
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COLD WAR
– Truman Doctrine– Marshall Plan– NATO (Warsaw Pact)
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COLD WAR
• National Security Act of 1947– Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)– National Security Council (NSC)
• NSC-68
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COLD WAR
Berlin Blockade (1948)
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Arms Race
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COLD WAR• Hydrogen Bomb
– Edward Teller– 1,000 X more powerful than atomic bombs
dropped on Japan in 1945.
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The Korean War (1950-1953)
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COLD WAR
• Second Red Scare– Reasons
• World events– Soviets explode a nuclear bomb and China goes
Communist (1949)– Korean War
• Existence of some American communists– Alger Hiss case (1948)– Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (1950)
– Truman’s policies: government loyalty program
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Rise and Fall of Senator Joseph McCarthy
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Edward R. Morrow – See It Now (March 9, 1954)
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COLD WAR
• New Leaders: Dwight Eisenhower and Nikita Khrushchev (“Peaceful Coexistence”)
• Sputnik (1957)• ICBM-Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
(1957)• A Missile Gap?
– U-2 Reconnaissance Planes
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Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Warning about the Military-IndustrialComplex – January 1961