Download - Coal to Liqued
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
1/35
Confidential & Proprietary 1
Excellence Through Insight
Coal to Liquid
Sept 2011
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
2/35
Confidential & Proprietary 2
Coal Liquefaction
Coal can be converted to liquid fuels either by removalof carbon or addition of hydrogen
The first approach is know as carbonization, and the
second is know as liquefaction
The major objective of coal liquefaction is to produce
synthetics oil to supplement the natural sources of
petroleum.
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
3/35
Confidential & Proprietary 3
WHY CTL ?
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
4/35
Confidential & Proprietary 4
Advantages of Coal To Liquid(CTL) Fuels
CTL Improves national and economic security Lessens dependence on foreign oil
Provides environmental benefits
- Cleaner fuels that reduce NOx and particulate
emissions- Enables use of higher efficiency engines
Is capable of capturing CO2 emissions
Provides geographic diversity as energy source
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
5/35
Confidential & Proprietary 5
Coal Liquefaction
Very expensive
Liquefaction attractive for transportation fuel Indirect liquefaction commercially proven
(>50 yrs)
Acid gas removal by amines (CO2, H2S)
S removal by Claus Process
H2S + O2 = H2O + SO2H2S + SO2 = S + H2O
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
6/35
Confidential & Proprietary 6
Two Basic Approaches To Convert Coal To A Liquid Fuel
1. Direct Liquefaction: Dissolves coal in a solvent at elevated
temperature and pressure
Combined with hydrogen gas and a catalyst
2. Indirect Liquefaction: Involves first gasifying coal, followed by
reacting carbon monoxide and hydrogentogether
nCO + (2n+1)H2 = CnH2n+2 + nH2O
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
7/35Confidential & Proprietary 7
Comparison of Processes
Adds hydrogen to break down
the coal
Dissolves in a solvent followed
by hydrocracking
Operates at 450 C and 170 bars
Light products are distilled
Medium and heavy distillates
obtained from vacuum distillation
Liquid yields of 70% of the dryweight of coal feed
Complete breakdown of coal
with steam and oxygen
Sulfur is removed from the
syngas
Syngas reacted over catalyst at
300 C and 30 bars
Produces a lighter suite of
products; high quality gasoline
and petrochemicals
Oxygenated chemicals
DIRECT
LIQUEFACTIONINDIRECT
LIQUEFACTION
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
8/35Confidential & Proprietary 8
SASOL in South Africa
Indirect Coal liquefaction is proven technology South Africas SASOL Co. developed a
commercial coal liquids industry (fuel plus
chemicals)
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
9/35Confidential & Proprietary 9
What is Gasification
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
10/35Confidential & Proprietary 10
Generic Coal Gasification Reactor
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
11/35Confidential & Proprietary 11
Gasifier types & Design Configurations
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
12/35Confidential & Proprietary 12
Different type of Gasification Process
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
13/35Confidential & Proprietary 13
Process Flow Chart for CTL
GasificationGas
Treating
AshDisposal
Naphtha
CoalH2
LPG
Diesel
GasolineProduct
Refining
F-T
Synthesis
SulfurRecovery
Hydrogen
Recovery
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
14/35Confidential & Proprietary 14
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
15/35Confidential & Proprietary 15
Acid Gas Removal (Rectisol)
Rectisol process for the removal of CO, H2S,Carbonly sulfide, organic sulfur compound,
HCN and condensable HC from the cooled
raw prodect gas
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
16/35
Confidential & Proprietary 16
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
17/35
Confidential & Proprietary 17
Gas Liquor separation
Gas liquor produced in cool down of RG
GL contain dissolved gases such as crude gascomponents, NH3, Hydrocyanic acid, Tar, oil,phenols, chlorine, fluorine, fatty acids etc
Gaseous components are separated by flashing to
atm pressure. The liq and sold components areseparated by gravity separation.
GL fed to this unit is cooled & depressurized usingcontrol valves and a specially designed expansiondrum. The released gases are routed to the Sulfur
Recovery unit for H2S removal
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
18/35
Confidential & Proprietary 18
GL Separation
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
19/35
Confidential & Proprietary 19
Phenosolvan Process
Phenosolvan process consist of Two main
units : 16side Filtration
Extraction
Solvent recovery
17side
Deacidifer
Total Stipper
Ammonia Fractionators
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
20/35
Confidential & Proprietary 20
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
21/35
Confidential & Proprietary 21
Total Stripper (X17VL-X04)
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
22/35
Confidential & Proprietary 22
Introduction
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
23/35
Confidential & Proprietary 23
(I) Normal Operation :
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
24/35
Confidential & Proprietary 24
Thank You !!!
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
25/35
Confidential & Proprietary 25
Low transportation cost
Less chemical transformation requiredHigher efficiency than high Btu gas
production
Easy to storeLess water required for manufacture
However, processing slurries at high
temperature and pressure presentsdifficulties with equipment life and
solid/liquid separation (still not commercial)
Direct Liquefaction of Coal Attractive Because of
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
26/35
Confidential & Proprietary 26
Gasifier Type
Fi h T h th i
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
27/35
Confidential & Proprietary 27
Fischer Tropsch synthesis
The purified synthesis gas leaving from Rectisol
unit undergoes FT synthesis wherebyhydrocarbons are produced by catalyticconversion of CO and H2
The FT process can be used to produce eitherlight synthetic crude(syncrude) oil and lightolefins or heavy HC
Syncrude can be refined to gasoline and diesel
Heavy HC to special wax or, if hyrocrackedand/or isomerizes, to produce diesel fuel, lubeoils and Nephtha
FT S th i
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
28/35
Confidential & Proprietary 28
FT Synthesis
FT synthesis can be generalized by the
following chemical reation
FT S th i
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
29/35
Confidential & Proprietary 29
FT Synthesis
FT P
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
30/35
Confidential & Proprietary 30
FT Process
Methanol S nthesis
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
31/35
Confidential & Proprietary 31
Methanol Synthesis
Synthesis of Methanol from Syngas
Synthesis of Dimethylether (DME) from
Methanol
Synthesis of DME directly from Syngas
Synthesis of Methanol
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
32/35
Confidential & Proprietary 32
Synthesis of Methanol
Synthesis gas preparation
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
33/35
Confidential & Proprietary 33
Synthesis gas preparation
Feed gas introduced to Methanol synthesis loop must
contain the correct proportions of CO, CO2 and H2
Synthesis gas composition adjusted by shift reaction
and steam reforming
RG from purification section contains methane
which is unwanted component in synthesis feed
The methane and other light HC produced are split
into H2 and CO by steam Reforming
Operating condition of Methanol
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
34/35
Confidential & Proprietary 34
Operating condition of Methanol
-
8/22/2019 Coal to Liqued
35/35