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CO2 Capture and Geological Storage
Demonstration at In Salah, Algeria
Iain Wright (CO2 Project Manager, BP Group Technology)
UNCTAD Africa Oil & Gas Conference April 4th 2006
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Agenda
• Impacts of Climate Change
• CO2 Capture & Storage Technology
– Global Potential
– Deployment Costs
– Starting the Hydrogen Economy
• Focus on the In Salah Project
• Summary
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Impacts of Climate Change: Rainfall Change by 2100
Increase
Decrease
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Technology Options for GHG Stabilization
The Stabilisation Wedge
Emission trajectory to achieve 500ppm
Emission trajectory BAU
1 GtC Slices of the Stabilisation Wedge
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
OnshoreWind
Hydrogenfor Power
(C&S)
Nuclear OffshoreWind
Wave Solar PV HybridVehicles
Biofuels Hydrogenfor Tpt.
CO2 Reduction Options ($/te)
Source: European Commission Report (Jan 2004) , DoT, DTi (2003) , BP Analysis
CO
2 r
educt
ion c
ost
s ($
/tC
O2)
Power Generation
(Fixed Sources)
Transport
(Mobile)
• Cost of CO2 mitigation (above today’s economics)
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CCS Technology Maturity
CO2 Capture
Post-Combustion
Pre-Combustion (Hydrogen)
• Oxyfuels
• $40-100+/Tonne CO2
Geological StorageEnhanced Oil Recovery
Saline Aquifer Formations
Depleted Oil/Gas Reservoirs
• Enhanced Coal Bed Methane
High Purity Sources
Amines, Membranes, H2
Most of the elements required for CO2 Capture & Storage (CCS) are already deployed at commercial scale, but integration for GHG mitigation is not happening due to the high cost and lack of policy framework
Transport Pipelines
Ships
• Depends on distance
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When will CCS be Deployed?
$/TCO2
CCS Costs CCS Benefits
Hi Purity CO2
EOR/Storage
$100
EU ETS, CDM, JI $10-25 2008, 2012?
2006
When is Crossover??
Widespread Deployment
EOR/EGR
Time
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Creating Value for CCS
• UN IPCC CCS Special Report: CCS is now recognised as a GHG mitigation technology. Subject to:
– Long-term Storage Assurance
– Regulatory Framework
• EU Emissions Trading Scheme (Linking Directive) will allow geological storage. Subject to:
– Long-term Storage Assurance
– Regulatory Framework
• In Salah is a world-class CCS project that can develop:
– Long-term Storage Assurance
– Regulatory Framework
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ETS CO2 Prices (€)
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CCS 2006: Key Challenges
1. Reducing the Costs– Mainly Capture, Capital cost and Efficiency
– Target: $20-30/t CO2
2. Public and Regulatory Acceptance that Geological Storage is Safe and Effective:– Storage Integrity & Leakage: Public/NGO
acceptance
– Governments: Legal & Regulatory
3. Securing Commercial Value • Develop Commercial Incentives
– Market Eligibility (CDM,ETS)
}}
In Salah CO2 JIP
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Focus on In Salah (Algeria)
• Industrial Scale Demonstration of CO2 Geological Storage (Conventional Capture)
• Started Storage in August 2004
• 1mmtpa CO2 Stored (17mm tonnes total)
• $100mm Incremental Cost
– No Commercial Benefit
• Test-bed for CO2 Monitoring Technologies
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In Salah 2004 (Three Projects)
• In Salah Project(s) Overview
– In Salah Gas Development (1bcf/d $2,000 million)
– In Salah CO2 Storage (1mmtpa $ 100 million)
– In Salah CO2 Assurance R&D (CSLF, EU) $ 30 million)
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1. In Salah Commercial Project
– In Salah Gas Development
•(1bcf/d $2,000 million)
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Krechba
Teg
Reg
Garet elBefinat Hassi Moumene
In SalahGour Mahmoud
Proposed ISG P ipeline
R EB
Hassi B irRekaiz
H assi Messaoud
H assi R ’Mel
Tiguentourine (BP)
02151093
Algiers
Tangiers
Lisbon
Cordoba
Cartagena
M O R O C C O
A L G E R I A
S P A I N
L I B Y A
MAURITANIA M A L I
SkikdaTunis
N I G E R
In Salah Gas Project
Krechba
Tegentour
Reg
Garet elBefinat
HassiMoumene
HassiR’Mel
In SalahGourMahmoud
48” 455km
38” 60km
24” 13km
24” 62km
Krechba
Tegentour
Reg
Garet elBefinat
HassiMoumene
HassiR’Mel
In SalahGourMahmoud
48” 455km
38” 60km
24” 13km
24” 62km
5-10% CO2
<0.3% CO2
The In Salah Gas Project
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In Salah Gas Processing Plant
Import Gas Pipeline from Teguentour and Reg
Export Gas Pipeline to Hassi R’Mel & Europe
(1 BCF/d)
CO2 Storage Pipeline to Krechba
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2. In Salah CO2 Storage
– In Salah CO2 Storage
•1mmtpa $100 million
•No Commercial Benefit
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In Salah 25 Year CO2 Profile
Chart 1 - Process Facilities CO2 Emissions by Source - Without CO2 Re-Injection Scheme
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Year
Tonn
es
Venting - Without CO2 Re-Injection
Venting - Storage Tanks
Flaring - Process
Fugitives - Process
Combustion - Emergency Power
Combustion - Compression
Combustion - Power Generation
Combustion - Process Heat
• Only the separated (yellow) CO2 will be stored – the combustion CO2 (blue) will be vented
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Carboniferous Reservoir ~20 metres thick
Carboniferous Mudstones ~950 metres thick
Cretaceous Sandstones & Mudstones ~900 metres thick (Regional Aquifer) 4 Gas
Production Wells
3 CO2
Injection Wells
Processing Facilities
Amine CO2 Removal
The CO2 Storage Scheme at Krechba
Carboniferous Reservoir ~20 metres thick
Carboniferous Mudstones ~950 metres thick
Cretaceous Sandstones & Mudstones ~900 metres thick (Regional Aquifer) 4 Gas
Production Wells
3 CO2
Injection Wells
Processing Facilities
Amine CO2 Removal
The CO2 Storage Scheme at Krechba
Carboniferous Reservoir ~20 metres thick
Carboniferous Mudstones ~950 metres thick
Cretaceous Sandstones & Mudstones ~900 metres thick (Regional Aquifer) 4 Gas
Production Wells
3 CO2
Injection Wells
Processing Facilities
Amine CO2 Removal
Carboniferous Reservoir ~20 metres thick
Carboniferous Mudstones ~950 metres thick
Cretaceous Sandstones & Mudstones ~900 metres thick (Regional Aquifer) 4 Gas
Production Wells
3 CO2
Injection Wells
Processing Facilities
Amine CO2 Removal
Carboniferous Reservoir ~20 metres thick
Carboniferous Mudstones ~950 metres thick
Cretaceous Sandstones & Mudstones ~900 metres thick (Regional Aquifer) 4 Gas
Production Wells
3 CO2
Injection Wells
Processing Facilities
Amine CO2 Removal
The CO2 Storage Scheme at Krechba
In Salah CO2 Storage Operation
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CO2 Storage Infrastructure
50mmscf/d CO2
(1mmtpa)
Compression
Transportation
Injection
Storage
Krechba 501
Pilot hole plus 1250 metres of horizontal
section
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3. In Salah CO2 Assurance
– In Salah CO2 Assurance
• R&D (CSLF EU $30 million)
•Joint Industry Project (JIP)
•Could provide a commercial return for CO2 storage
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Joint Industry Project Objectives
1. Provide assurance that secure geological storage of CO2 can be cost-effectively verified and that long-term assurance can be provided by short-term monitoring.
2. Demonstrate to stakeholders that industrial-scale geological storage of CO2 is a viable GHG mitigation option.
3. Set precedents for the regulation and verification of the geological storage of CO2, allowing eligibility for GHG credits
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K b-C B
Kb -C A
Sph e ro id : C lark e 1 88 0P ro jec tion : U TM Zo ne 3 1 ND a tum : N S a hara 1 959
F irs t G as D e ve lop m en t W e ll Lo ca t io ns
C O 2 In je c tio n W e ll
P ro d uc tion W e ll
0 5000M eters
A ppra isa l W e ll L oca tio n s
K b -7
K b -10
Kb-C C
K b-6
K b-CE
K b-501
K b-1
K b-503K b-502
K b-5
K b -9z
K b-8K b -4
K b-2
Kb-1
G as-Water C ontact
1330 m etres belo w Mean S ea L evel~1800 m etres below G round L evel
Fu ll G a s C o lum n
4 2 0 000 43 0 0 00
32 10 00 0
32 20 00 0
3 23 0 000
Kb-503
Kb-501
Kb-11
Kb-14
Kb-12
Kb-13
Kb-502
Option for Permanent Seismic
Pre-cursor 3D
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Summary
• CCS can make a major contribution to GHG reduction
– Application to all hydrocarbons (coal, oil, gas)
– Breaks the link between hydrocarbons and GHG
– Application to many sectors (power, cement, steel)
– Cost-comparable to other low-carbon options
– Enables GHG-free hydrogen from hydrocarbons
• Widespread deployment requires long-term, supportive Policy Frameworks
• Algeria is leading the way !