CLIVAR/GODAE Synthesis CLIVAR/GODAE Synthesis Evaluation Evaluation
Synthesis Evaluation EffortSynthesis Evaluation Effort
Is needed to determine the quality of existing global ocean Is needed to determine the quality of existing global ocean analysis/synthesis products and to assess their usefulness analysis/synthesis products and to assess their usefulness for climate research.for climate research.
Is needed to make recommendations for resource Is needed to make recommendations for resource allocations in the future. allocations in the future.
Should be oriented along global science questions.Should be oriented along global science questions. Should focus on global results and their usefulness for Should focus on global results and their usefulness for
climate research purposes, globally and for basins.climate research purposes, globally and for basins. Needs to be done in a close collaboration with CLIVAR's Needs to be done in a close collaboration with CLIVAR's
basin panels to their serve implementation, e.g., ongoing basin panels to their serve implementation, e.g., ongoing and planned regional process experiments.and planned regional process experiments.
Should include process modeling and IPCC communities.Should include process modeling and IPCC communities.
Synthesis Evaluation
The overall goals of the inter-comparison of global synthesis efforts The overall goals of the inter-comparison of global synthesis efforts are to:are to:Evaluate the quality and skillEvaluate the quality and skill of available global synthesis of available global synthesis products and determine their usefulness for CLIVAR.products and determine their usefulness for CLIVAR.Identify the common strength and weaknessIdentify the common strength and weakness of these systems and of these systems and the differences among them, as well as to identify what application the differences among them, as well as to identify what application can be best served by what synthesis approach. can be best served by what synthesis approach. Define and test climate-relevant indicesDefine and test climate-relevant indices that in the future should that in the future should be provided routinely by ongoing or planned synthesis efforts in be provided routinely by ongoing or planned synthesis efforts in support CLIVAR and of the wider community. support CLIVAR and of the wider community. Define climate data standardsDefine climate data standards required for CLIVAR syntheses. required for CLIVAR syntheses.
Global Science Questions: Global Science Questions:
1) THE OCEANS IN THE PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE: 1) THE OCEANS IN THE PLANETARY HEAT BALANCE: – heat storage, heat storage, – heat transports and heat transports and – ocean/atmosphere feedbacks. ocean/atmosphere feedbacks.
2) THE GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE: 2) THE GLOBAL HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE: – water balance, water balance, – rainfall variability rainfall variability – salinity and convection.salinity and convection.
3) SEA LEVEL: 3) SEA LEVEL: – sea level risesea level rise– sea level variabilitysea level variability..
Expected OutcomeExpected Outcome Quantitative statement of the skill of available global synthesis Quantitative statement of the skill of available global synthesis
products and their usefulness for CLIVAR.products and their usefulness for CLIVAR. Identification of common strength and weakness of systems and the Identification of common strength and weakness of systems and the
differences among them.differences among them. Prototype synthesis support of global and regional CLIVAR research Prototype synthesis support of global and regional CLIVAR research
(will be extended as work progresses). (will be extended as work progresses). Basis set of recommendations with regard to future synthesis resource Basis set of recommendations with regard to future synthesis resource
planning. planning. Recommendations for CLIVAR data processing and management.Recommendations for CLIVAR data processing and management. GSOP Web site to present climate indices from ocean syntheses over GSOP Web site to present climate indices from ocean syntheses over
last 50 years (counter part to OOPC indices from data alone).last 50 years (counter part to OOPC indices from data alone). Stimulation for WGOMD and IPCC to join in. Stimulation for WGOMD and IPCC to join in.
Metrics:
How do we measure goodnessin the synthesis evaluation??
MetricsMetrics
1.1. Systematic model-data comparison: RMS model Systematic model-data comparison: RMS model data differences rel. to prior data errors.data differences rel. to prior data errors.
2.2. Comparison to reference data sets, e.g., surface Comparison to reference data sets, e.g., surface fluxes.fluxes.
3.3. Comparison with time series stations.Comparison with time series stations.4.4. Computation of integral quantities.Computation of integral quantities.5.5. Budgets, e.g., heat content and its change.Budgets, e.g., heat content and its change.6.6. Model-Model differences (incl. first guess).Model-Model differences (incl. first guess).
Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:
1. RMS Model-Data Misfits: (Discussion Lead: Patrick 1. RMS Model-Data Misfits: (Discussion Lead: Patrick Heimbach) Heimbach)
Difference from WOA01 climatological (monthly, Jan.-Dec.) potential T & SDifference from WOA01 climatological (monthly, Jan.-Dec.) potential T & S
RMS misfit from Reynolds SSTRMS misfit from Reynolds SST
RMS misfit from in-situ T & S profiles (including XBT, CTD, Argo, moorings)RMS misfit from in-situ T & S profiles (including XBT, CTD, Argo, moorings)
RMS misfit from altimeter-derived SSHRMS misfit from altimeter-derived SSH
RMS misfit from tide-gauge SSHRMS misfit from tide-gauge SSH
2. Meridional Transports: (Discussion Lead: Armin Koehl)2. Meridional Transports: (Discussion Lead: Armin Koehl) Timeseries of meridional MOC of the global ocean, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Timeseries of meridional MOC of the global ocean, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific
as a function of latitude and depth and for the global ocean as a function of as a function of latitude and depth and for the global ocean as a function of latitude and potential density. latitude and potential density.
Timeseries of meridional heat and freshwater transports of the global ocean, Timeseries of meridional heat and freshwater transports of the global ocean, Atlantic, and Indo-Pacific as a function of latitude.Atlantic, and Indo-Pacific as a function of latitude.
Time series of maximum MOC strength and heat transport at 25N, 48N in Time series of maximum MOC strength and heat transport at 25N, 48N in North Atlantic North Atlantic
Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:
3. Change in Sea Level, Heat and Salt Content 3. Change in Sea Level, Heat and Salt Content (Discussion Leads: Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda; (Discussion Leads: Magdalena Alonso Balmaseda; Anthony Weaver)Anthony Weaver)– Monthly means of averaged temperature (proxy to heat content) Monthly means of averaged temperature (proxy to heat content)
and salinty over the upper 300m/750m and 3000m.and salinty over the upper 300m/750m and 3000m.– Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined
boxes in various parts of the ocean.boxes in various parts of the ocean.– Monthly means of sea level, and optionally steric height and/or Monthly means of sea level, and optionally steric height and/or
bottom pressure.bottom pressure.– Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined Time series for spatial averages within a list of 30 pre-defined
boxes in various parts of the ocean.boxes in various parts of the ocean.
4. Transports through Key Regions: (Dsicussion Lead: 4. Transports through Key Regions: (Dsicussion Lead: Tong Lee)Tong Lee)– Indonesian throughflow volume transport Indonesian throughflow volume transport – ACC volume transport through the Drake passage.ACC volume transport through the Drake passage.– Florida Strait volume transport, temperature flux, and salinity flux.Florida Strait volume transport, temperature flux, and salinity flux.
Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:6. Water Masses: (Discussion Lead: Keith Haines and Tong 6. Water Masses: (Discussion Lead: Keith Haines and Tong
Lee)Lee) 18-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean, volumne-weighted average salinity of 18-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean, volumne-weighted average salinity of
the 18C water as a function of month.the 18C water as a function of month. Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S
properties of that mixed layer. properties of that mixed layer. Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical
Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), Depth of 20 degree isotherm in Pacific Ocean as a function of longitude, latitude, Depth of 20 degree isotherm in Pacific Ocean as a function of longitude, latitude,
and month.and month.
7. Indices: (Discussion Lead: Albert Fischer) 7. Indices: (Discussion Lead: Albert Fischer) Sea surface temperature anomaly indices averaged over lat-lon boxes in the Sea surface temperature anomaly indices averaged over lat-lon boxes in the
ocean. Here are the indices:ocean. Here are the indices:– Pacific: Nino1+2; Nino3; Nino3.4; Nino4 Pacific: Nino1+2; Nino3; Nino3.4; Nino4 – Indian: SETIO; WTIOIndian: SETIO; WTIO– N. Atlantic: Curry and McCartney transport index.N. Atlantic: Curry and McCartney transport index.
Intercomparison Quantities:Intercomparison Quantities:
8. Surface Fluxes: (Discussion Lead: Lisan Yu)8. Surface Fluxes: (Discussion Lead: Lisan Yu) Monthly means of net surface heat and freshwater flux as function of geographic Monthly means of net surface heat and freshwater flux as function of geographic
location.location. Time mean of net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over entire model domain.Time mean of net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over entire model domain. Zonal averages of annual mean net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over the Zonal averages of annual mean net surface heat flux and freshwater flux over the
model domain.model domain.
Synthesis EvaluationSynthesis Evaluation
Individual synthesis efforts were ask to compute indices Individual synthesis efforts were ask to compute indices from their results prior to the workshop and make them from their results prior to the workshop and make them available to the project for further evaluation. available to the project for further evaluation.
Input has been solicited from individual basin panels Input has been solicited from individual basin panels regarding metrics and indices for global reanalyses and regarding metrics and indices for global reanalyses and the identification of CLIVAR reference data sets.the identification of CLIVAR reference data sets.
The evaluation effort will be based on results available The evaluation effort will be based on results available from the period 1950 to present, including those that cover from the period 1950 to present, including those that cover the TOPEX/JASON-1 era. the TOPEX/JASON-1 era.
Feedback from Indian Ocean Feedback from Indian Ocean PanelPanel
As extra indices: Intercomparison for the Indian-Ocean As extra indices: Intercomparison for the Indian-Ocean heat content, IOD index, and ITF, Wyrtki jet in the heat content, IOD index, and ITF, Wyrtki jet in the equatorial Indian Ocean, Agulhas outflow and related heat equatorial Indian Ocean, Agulhas outflow and related heat and freshwater transports. and freshwater transports.
One issue for using the products in the Indian Ocean: One issue for using the products in the Indian Ocean: intraseasonal variability is a key element for the IOP and intraseasonal variability is a key element for the IOP and AAMP, requires to archive the fields at finer intervals (say AAMP, requires to archive the fields at finer intervals (say 3-day averages).3-day averages).
Some details about legends
3D-VAR
RTS smoother
Comparison to WOA01 climatology (Forget, Heimbach, and Menemenlis)
(A) Maps of mean over seasonal cycle
(ia) T, S: lon/lat maps of vertical mean 0 to 750m
(ib) T, S: R.M.S. vs. lat. of zonal mean, and vertical mean 0 to 750m
(iia) as (ia), but vertical mean 750 to 3250 m
(iib) as (ib), but vertical mean 750 to 3250 m
(B) Seasonal cycle over top 100m
(i) Hovmueller-type diagram of lat-vs-month (0 to 100m)
(ii) Time series for following latitudinal band
-70 to -50 (ACC); -50 to -30 (SH mid-lat); -30 to -10 (SH sub-tropics)
-10 to 10 (tropics); 30 to 30 (NH sub-tropics); 30 to 50 (NH mid-lat)
50 to 70 (NH sub-polar)
Transport Transport MeasuresMeasures0(,,)(,,,)xe
zxwyztVxyztdxdz=∫∫
(,,) (,,,)sxe
xwytVxytdxdy s s s=
ò ò
0(,)(,,,)(,,,)xe
HxwHTytVxyztTxyztdxdz= ?∫∫
35 ,)/),,,(1(),,,(),(0
ò ò−o
H
x e
x w
o SdxdzStzyxStzyxVtyST
Meridional overturning, MOC:
MOC on density surfaces:
Heat transport (rel. 0oC):
Freshwater transport (rel. 35 psu):
K-7Global Global HeattransportHeattransport
Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)
ENSEBLESNorth Atlantic North Atlantic Heattr.Heattr.
Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)
K-7Indo-Pac. Indo-Pac. HeattransportHeattransport
Ganachaud&Wunsch(1996)
K-7Heat transport Heat transport 2525ooNN
K-7Heat transport Heat transport 4848ooNN
K-7Max. MOC 25Max. MOC 25ooNN
Bryden et al. (2005)
ECMWF
K-7Max. MOC 48Max. MOC 48ooNN
Heat/FW Heat/FW transporttransport
0.820.82
0.550.55
0.330.33
0.350.35
0.500.50
0.720.72
Global Global Mean FW Mean FW 30S (Sv)30S (Sv)
MOM 1-1/3MOM 1-1/3oo Lev Lev KPP,GMKPP,GM
OPA 2-1/2OPA 2-1/2oo,Lev, ,Lev, TKE, eddy velTKE, eddy vel
MOMMOM
MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev,Lev
MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev, ,Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM
MIT 1MIT 1oo, Lev, , Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM
MIT 1-1/3MIT 1-1/3oo, Lev , Lev KPP, GMKPP, GM
Model DetailsModel Details
OIOI
multivar. multivar. OIOI
adjointadjoint
adjointadjoint
adjointadjoint
partition partition KalmanKalman
Method Method DetailsDetails
-0.3-0.3Macdonald (1998)Macdonald (1998)1.301.300.500.50-0.80-0.801.801.80Ganachaud& Ganachaud& Wunsch (2000)Wunsch (2000)
2.22.2
1.011.01
1.151.15
1.261.26
1.401.40
1.451.45
Global Global Mean 25N Mean 25N (PW)(PW)
-0.08-0.08
-0.27-0.27
-0.018-0.018
0.0330.033
0.0340.034
-0.08-0.08
-0.37-0.37
Atl. Drift Atl. Drift 25N 25N (PW/10yr)(PW/10yr)
-0.45-0.45
-0.31-0.31
-0.31-0.31
-0.31-0.31
-0.35-0.35
Global Global Mean FW Mean FW 25N (Sv)25N (Sv)
-1.1-1.1
0.220.22
-0.78-0.78
-0.63-0.63
-0.44-0.44
-1.30-1.30
Global Global Mean 20S Mean 20S (PW)(PW)
0.70.7
0.200.20
0.330.33
0.380.38
0.450.45
0.440.44
Ind.-Pac. Ind.-Pac. Mean 25N Mean 25N (PW)(PW)
Atl. Atl. Seasonal Seasonal 25N (PW)25N (PW)
Atl. STD Atl. STD 25N (PW)25N (PW)
Atl. Mean Atl. Mean 25N (PW)25N (PW)
Heat/FW Heat/FW transporttransport
0.140.140.210.210.880.88ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr
0.160.160.990.99SODASODA
0.110.110.250.251.451.45INGVINGV
0.110.110.310.310.770.77GFDLGFDL
0.130.130.210.210.820.82ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE
0.130.130.210.210.960.96ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO
0.300.301.011.01ECCO-JPLECCO-JPL
ENSEBLESMOCMOC
-15-15
-10-10
-15-15
-8-8
-11-11
-16-16
Min. Ind-Min. Ind-Pac Pac
MOC(Sv)MOC(Sv)
MOM 1-1/3MOM 1-1/3oo Lev Lev KPP,GMKPP,GM
OPA 2-1/2OPA 2-1/2oo,Lev, ,Lev, TKE, eddy velTKE, eddy vel
MOMMOM
HOPE 1HOPE 1oo,Lev,Lev
MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev,Lev
MIT 1MIT 1oo,Lev, ,Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM
MIT 1MIT 1oo, Lev, , Lev, KPP, GMKPP, GM
MIT 1-1/3MIT 1-1/3oo, Lev , Lev KPP, GMKPP, GM
Model DetailsModel Details
NoNo
YesYes
6Sv6Sv
(No)(No)
7Sv7Sv
YesYes
13Sv13Sv
(No) (No) 4Sv4Sv
NoNo
(No) (No) 2Sv 2Sv
NoNo
………………..
10.4-6.510.4-6.5
l-NADWl-NADW
92 – 0292 – 02
3-5km3-5km
(Yes) 1Sv (Yes) 1Sv no ov. 20Sno ov. 20S
(Yes) only (Yes) only S Atl.S Atl.
YesYes
6Sv6Sv
(Yes) not (Yes) not ov.Eq.ov.Eq.
(Yes) not (Yes) not ov.Eq.ov.Eq.
(Yes) 1Sv (Yes) 1Sv not ov.Eq.not ov.Eq.
(Yes) too (Yes) too shallowshallow
………………
1.2-2.51.2-2.5
AABWAABW
North-Atl. North-Atl.
14(<27.72) 14(<27.72) ………….. …………..
………………....
-4.0-4.016(<27.72) 16(<27.72) 19.4-14.819.4-14.8
G & W (2000) G & W (2000) Bryden et al(2005)Bryden et al(2005)
2222
2525
3030
1717
1818
1919
1919
Max. Atl. Max. Atl. MOC (Sv)MOC (Sv)
Method Method DetailsDetails
Mean MOC Mean MOC 48N48N
(Sv)(Sv)
Drift MOC Drift MOC 25N, 92-02 25N, 92-02 (Sv/10yrs)(Sv/10yrs)
Seasonal Seasonal MOC 25NMOC 25N
(Sv)(Sv)
STD MOC STD MOC 25N (Sv)25N (Sv)
Mean MOC Mean MOC 25N (Sv)25N (Sv) MOCMOC
adjointadjoint17170.20.21.71.7331414ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr
OIOI13130.60.61.21.2441717SODASODA
multivarmultivar. OI. OI1818-3.3-3.31.21.2332222
INGVINGV
1515-1.5-1.51.21.2331414GFDLGFDL
OIOI-3.1-3.10.280.28221616ECMWF (30N)ECMWF (30N)
adjointadjoint1717-0.3-0.31.91.9331414ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE
adjointadjoint1919-0.7-0.71.81.8331616ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO
partition partition KalmanKalman1919-7.0-7.04.04.01717ECCO-JPLECCO-JPL
ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO/50y + ECCO-SIO/50y + Ref.Ref.
Bryden et al. (2005)
ECCO-50yECCO-50yECCO-50y
SODASODASODA
Temperature, Salinity and Sea Level:Temperature, Salinity and Sea Level:
climate variability from ocean reanalysesclimate variability from ocean reanalyses
(Intercomparison Items 3 & 4) (Intercomparison Items 3 & 4)
Magdalena A. BalmasedaAnthony Weaver
OutlineOutline Defining the variability: signal and noiseDefining the variability: signal and noise
– Seasonal cycle removed: Anomalies with Seasonal cycle removed: Anomalies with respect to the common period (1994-2000)respect to the common period (1994-2000)
– 12-month/3-month running mean12-month/3-month running mean
– Focus on the upper ocean (upper 300m): Focus on the upper ocean (upper 300m): Equator, Mid latitudesEquator, Mid latitudes
Temperature and salinity:Temperature and salinity:
– What can we say about climate variability?What can we say about climate variability?
– Time variation of uncertaintyTime variation of uncertainty
– Outliers?Outliers?
Source of uncertainty (forcing, model, assimilation method)?Source of uncertainty (forcing, model, assimilation method)?
Sea Level variations: volume or mass changes?Sea Level variations: volume or mass changes?
Summary and conclusionsSummary and conclusions
14214215.015.0-18.7-18.7MCTR 3DVARMCTR 3DVAR
5.65.61.71.71.01.02.12.1-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.215815827.527.5-14.5-14.5SODASODA
120~120~160160
31.931.9-10 ~ --10 ~ -1515
Obs. AnalysisObs. Analysis
Kg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sKg/sPWPWPWPWPWPWSvSvSvSvSvSv
5.15.11.51.51.01.01.91.9-0.4-0.4-0.9-0.914814826.626.6-11.1-11.1ECCO-GODAEECCO-GODAE
14914921.821.8-12.8-12.8MCTR KFMCTR KF
4.64.61.41.41.01.02.32.3-0.5-0.5-1.2-1.213213227.627.6-13.2-13.2ECCO-JPLKFECCO-JPLKF
179179-23.4-23.4MOVE-GMOVE-G
0.90.92.82.812712724.624.6-11.9-11.9INGVINGV
6.16.11.71.70.80.81.61.6-0.6-0.6-1.0-1.017117124.324.3-15.7-15.7GFDLGFDL
14814814.814.8-10.6-10.6ECMWFECMWF
5.35.31.61.61.11.12.22.2-0.4-0.4-0.9-0.915415430.630.6-10.7-10.7ECCO-SIOECCO-SIO
4.54.51.41.41.11.12.12.1-0.4-0.4-1.0-1.012912929.329.3-11.0-11.0ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr
14714724.224.2-13.2-13.2CRFS-2CRFS-2
14714716.616.6-12.9-12.9CRFS-ACRFS-A
157157-12.4-12.4K7K7
ACCsACCsACCtACCtFCsFCsFCtFCtITFsITFsITFtITFtACCACCFCFCITFITF
1993-2001 mean transports/fluxes: For Florida Current: black - meridional transport near 26.5N, 80-75W; red – zonal transport between Florida & Cuba.
3.53.53.03.02.32.3rms diff. among modelsrms diff. among models
5.05.04.54.52.62.64.34.3SODASODA
2.52.5MeasurementMeasurement
5.35.36.66.65.15.15.55.5MCTR 3DVARMCTR 3DVAR
3.33.3
2.82.8
3.43.4
5.55.5
3.63.6
3.03.0
3.13.1
2.92.9
5.35.3
4.94.9
rms dev. of FC from cable datarms dev. of FC from cable data
4.44.42.22.22.62.6ECCO-GODAE.v2.199ECCO-GODAE.v2.199
4.64.61.41.43.23.2MCTR KFMCTR KF
4.14.13.03.03.03.0ECCO-JPL ECCO-JPL RTS smootherRTS smoother
6.36.34.04.0MOVE-GMOVE-G
3.53.55.65.63.13.1INGVINGV
5.05.02.82.82.52.5GFDLGFDL
4.04.02.22.23.03.0ECMWFECMWF
4.64.62.22.22.52.5ECCO-SIO.it69ECCO-SIO.it69
4.14.11.61.62.42.4ECCO-50yrECCO-50yr
6.26.24.74.75.25.2CRFS-2CRFS-2
6.46.44.74.75.05.0CRFS-ACRFS-A
7.07.03.53.5K7K7
ACCACCFCFCITFITF(all in Sv)(all in Sv)
1993-2001 rms variability of volume transport, rms difference among models, and rms difference from cable measurements
ITF volume transport (Sv)
Anomaly relative to 1993-2001 mean
Total
Spinup problem
Remarkable consistency
Island Rule doesn’t work? Or effect of geometry/topography?
ACC salinity flux
Total
Anomaly relative to 1993-2001 mean
Ocean Water MassesOcean Water Masses
Keith Haines, Greg SmithKeith Haines, Greg Smith
Environmental Systems Science Centre (ESSC), Environmental Systems Science Centre (ESSC), Reading UniversityReading University
Requested DataRequested Data
Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-Warm-water volume in the equatorial Pacific (5S-5N, 120E-80W) AND tropical Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), = volume of 80W) AND tropical Pacific (20S-20N, 120E-80W), = volume of water with T ≥ 20C (excluding Indonesian Seas) based on water with T ≥ 20C (excluding Indonesian Seas) based on monthly datamonthly data
Depth of 20C isotherm, 2S-2N average, as a function of Depth of 20C isotherm, 2S-2N average, as a function of longitude and time in Pacific (No results on this yet)longitude and time in Pacific (No results on this yet)
Annual means of 17.5-18.5-C water volume in the N Atlantic Annual means of 17.5-18.5-C water volume in the N Atlantic Ocean north of 22.5N, excluding Med/Gulf, from monthly dataOcean north of 22.5N, excluding Med/Gulf, from monthly data
Volume-weighted average salinity of the 18C water as a Volume-weighted average salinity of the 18C water as a function of month.function of month.
Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and Annual Maximum mixed layer depth within the Labrador sea and the T,S properties of that mixed layer. Suggested MLD defined as the T,S properties of that mixed layer. Suggested MLD defined as surface temperature - 0.1C (Rather poor results)surface temperature - 0.1C (Rather poor results)
Unfiltered
Unfiltered
SST in boxesSST in boxes
Bermuda-Labrador Basin Transport IndexBermuda-Labrador Basin Transport Index
Curry and McCartney, JPO 2001
TBDTBD
Model standards: a recommendation from WGOMD about Model standards: a recommendation from WGOMD about model standards that should be followed by model standards that should be followed by assimilation/synthesis efforts would be welcome.assimilation/synthesis efforts would be welcome.
Forcing standards: it is intended to provide a flux reference Forcing standards: it is intended to provide a flux reference data set against which estimates of surface fluxes can be data set against which estimates of surface fluxes can be evaluated. Again a statement about which surface flux evaluated. Again a statement about which surface flux fields (e.g., which bulk formula) should be used, would be fields (e.g., which bulk formula) should be used, would be helpful. helpful.
Reference data sets are required for assimilation an model Reference data sets are required for assimilation an model evaluation. We need input from WGOMD about what and evaluation. We need input from WGOMD about what and how is required from CLIVAR DAAC’s.how is required from CLIVAR DAAC’s.
Reference Data Sets
CLIVAR is engaged in the WCRP-wide climate data sets reprocessing effort.CLIVAR is engaged in the WCRP-wide climate data sets reprocessing effort.In the context of CLIVAR's synthesis, CLIVAR reference data sets In the context of CLIVAR's synthesis, CLIVAR reference data sets and there and there error fieldserror fields are required for (1) the analysis of climate processes; (2) for the are required for (1) the analysis of climate processes; (2) for the evaluation of assimilation and WGOMD simulations and (3) as data constraints evaluation of assimilation and WGOMD simulations and (3) as data constraints input to global synthesis. input to global synthesis. CLIVAR reference data sets include in situ and satellite data sets, as well as CLIVAR reference data sets include in situ and satellite data sets, as well as surface flux reference data sets, among others. surface flux reference data sets, among others.
CLIVAR Reference Data SetsCLIVAR Reference Data Sets
Beyond CLIVAR's own needs, climate reference datasets Beyond CLIVAR's own needs, climate reference datasets are also required to meet wider needs for climate are also required to meet wider needs for climate information (GCOS Implementation Plan).information (GCOS Implementation Plan).
In particular the GCOS IP identifies the need for analysed In particular the GCOS IP identifies the need for analysed products for all Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).products for all Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).
Given CLIVAR’s responsibilities for the role of the oceans Given CLIVAR’s responsibilities for the role of the oceans in climate within WCRP, one of CLIVAR’s primary (but in climate within WCRP, one of CLIVAR’s primary (but indeed not sole) concerns lies in the area of reference indeed not sole) concerns lies in the area of reference datasets for the ocean ECVs and those related to air-sea datasets for the ocean ECVs and those related to air-sea exchange. exchange.
We need to help defining essential climate variable (ECV’s) We need to help defining essential climate variable (ECV’s) and to define CLIVAR’s effort in climate data reprocessing and to define CLIVAR’s effort in climate data reprocessing (insitu and satellite). (insitu and satellite).
Other Reference Data SetsExamples include:Examples include:SST Fields: Reynolds or Pathfinder SST, GHRSST-PP SST SST Fields: Reynolds or Pathfinder SST, GHRSST-PP SST ReanalysisReanalysisSSH Fields: TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 sea level anomaly SSH Fields: TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 sea level anomaly from AVISO or PO-DAACfrom AVISO or PO-DAACTime-mean sea surface topography synthesized from drifter data Time-mean sea surface topography synthesized from drifter data and T/P data (Niiler) and GRACE data. and T/P data (Niiler) and GRACE data. De-tided tide-gauge data at selected stations with IB correction De-tided tide-gauge data at selected stations with IB correction applied.applied.Selected WOCE lines and corresponding times P01 (50º N), P03 Selected WOCE lines and corresponding times P01 (50º N), P03 (25º N), P04 (10º N), P06 (30º S), P14 (dateline). A05 (25º N), A16N (25º N), P04 (10º N), P06 (30º S), P14 (dateline). A05 (25º N), A16N (20º W). I03 (20º S), I08N (80º E). TOGA-TAO, BATS, HOT, and (20º W). I03 (20º S), I08N (80º E). TOGA-TAO, BATS, HOT, and Station P time series. Station P time series. Levitus climatological of temperature and salinity.Levitus climatological of temperature and salinity.Velocity Fields: Surface drifter (Niiler), 900-m float (Davis) velocities; Velocity Fields: Surface drifter (Niiler), 900-m float (Davis) velocities; ADCP data. ADCP data. Surface Flux fields: as defined by white paper of Josey and Smith Surface Flux fields: as defined by white paper of Josey and Smith (2006).(2006).