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Climate Resilience Infrastructure
Development Facility
Support to infrastructure
development in SADC
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What is CRIDF?
Climate Resilience Infrastructure
Development Facility;
DFID’s new infrastructure support
programme in southern Africa;
Delivering water related infrastructure in SADC
Countries, building climate resilience for the poor;
“Peaceful and climate resilient management of
shared water resources in SADC for the benefit of
the poor.”
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Being implemented by;Being implemented by;
In association with;
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An introduction to SADCThe Southern African Development Community
15 nation block in southern Africa
- 12 mainland, and 3 island States.
281 million people
Botswana
GDP varies widely – wealthier
south, rapidly developing north.
South Africa’s economy is
2x the rest of SADC combined.
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Water in SADC
Rainfall varies widely – from
+2000 mm/a to < 100 mm/a.
15 Transboundary Basins hold 70%of surface waters.
5% of available water used.
Water availability varies over time
and space.
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Lead from SADC’s Vision for Infrastructure
Development;
Infrastructure development is seen as a central and key
pillar to SADC’s RSAP III delivering on;
Equitable and sustainable utilisation of water for
social and environmental justice and regional
integration and economic benefits for present and
future generations.
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CRIDF Strategy informed by demand
and climate vulnerability context:
Working with SADC and RBOs to respond
to demand for investments;
Differentiating between well watered
(northern) basins and water stressed
(southern) basins;
Pursuing a specific strategy in each basin
–improving climate resilience according
to context;
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Zambezi:
Orange:
Small scale storage and irrigation projects;
Enhancing and maintaining natural storage
infrastructure; and
Introducing the ‘water, food, and energy’
nexus in policy.
Stretching available resources further, and
equitable sharing of the saved water; and
Introducing strategic peace dividends into
Basin Planning
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Virtual Water
flows
4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 km33331.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 km3333
Data Sources: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011), SADC States & CRIDFDry south
Wet north
8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 km333313.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 km3333
14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 km333317.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 km3333
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Hydro north (uses 17%)
Thermal south (uses 83%)Source: Southern African Power Pool (Musaba 2010)
74.3 % Coal
20.1 % Hydropower
4.0% Nuclear
1.6 % Gas / Diesel
97% domestic demand & 3 % bilateral trades
Growth in demand > 5%
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6.540 GWh/yr
8.280 GWh/yr
Virtual Water in
electricity trades
Data Sources: ESKOM, SAPP, CRIDF – Year
2012/2013
1,936 Mill m3/yr (6%)
11.76 Mill m3/yr (3.5%)
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Source: World Bank 2010, Zambezi IWRM Strategy 2008, Beilfuss 2012
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
Drought of 1992:
Reduced generation
loss of U$ 102 million.
From 1981-2001 no overflow
from Kariba Dam.
+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III+ 2,300 MW Inga III Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Evaporation off
hydro reserviors:
= 11-16% of MAR
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Climate Change:
Firm Power down 43%
Average down 25%
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
Installed Hydro:
5000 MW (10%)
Planned:
additional 13000 MW
The Zambezi
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Source: World Bank 2010
Cooperating on hydropower:
Increase generation by 23%
Cooperating on hydropower:
Increase generation by 23%
Cooperating on Irrigation
and hydropower
Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Expanding irrigation:• Potential 184% expansion
• Firm Power decrease 21%
• Average decrease 9%
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million
Moving 30,000 ha of irrigation:• 0.03 km3/a in Zambia, 0.08 km3/a in
Mozambique (if sugar).
• Firm Power increase 2%
• Net Present Value U$ 140 million
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The Orange-Senqu
> 85 % of water used in Power
Generation in South Africa
from the Orange-Senqu
≈ 280 million m3 at high
assurance (2% of total use)
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Water in energy:Move towards sovereign security and
regional surplus through investment in
generation and transmission infrastructure
and bilateral agreements
Provide for growing rural demand through
micro- and mini-hydropower
When water is available ramp down
thermal- and ramp up hydro-power
In drought ramp up thermal- and ramp
down hydro-power.
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Water in agricultural products:
Establish variable assurance of supply
based on usufruct rights
Manage energy and irrigation
conjunctively and regionally
For regional companies;;;;
• When water is available ramp up
production
• In drought ramp down production,
and meet demands through regional
trading
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