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International Climate Action – EU Contribution
EU – Central Asia Working Group onEnvironmental Governance and Climate Change
2nd Meeting13-14 September 2012, Almaty
DG Climate Action
European Commission
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OVERVIEW
Selected scientific points with policy relevance
International negotiations: Maintaining our high level of ambition and strong involvement in the UNFCCC process
Diplomacy and cooperation
engaging partner countries
Credibility –> leading by example:
Comprehensive Domestic climate portfolio - the EU Climate and Energy package
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Climate change threatening future economic growth
2005 : US$ 228 billion
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Global Player : per capita emissions X population
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Vision: keep Temperature increase
below 2°C
Global Peak by 2020
Global -50% bis 2050 rel. 1990
Industrialised countriesto cut by 80-95% by 2050 rel. 1990
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INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS
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• 2007 Bali: defines scope for a new comprehensive climate framework in parallel to negotiations on a 2nd commitment period (CP2) under Kyoto (mitigation, adaptation, technology, deforestation, finance)
• 2009 Copenhagen: “Accord” – no consensus on a legally binding agreement
• 2010 Cancún: adoption of a balanced package of decisions …
some 90 developed and developing countries set domestic targets
for reducing / limiting emissions - important step but only 60% of what is needed to stay below 2°C
… while important questions remain unresolved
(peaking and long-term goal, insufficient level of ambition, long-term finance)
• 2011 Durban: New Durban platform for enhanced action
How far have we come ?
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Durban: Success for climate diplomacy1. Durban Platform for Enhanced Action: negotiating roadmap
for a new legal instrument for all by 2015, effective from 20202. Progress on 2nd commitment period Kyoto Protocol3. Implementation Cancun agreements4. Finance package
• Perceived as a breakthrough, but we are not yet on a 2 degree trajectory and politics remain challenging
NOTE: Roadmap with ambition before and after 2020• « Legally binding » & « for all »?!
• Kyoto Protocol – sensitive issues remain open• Finance framework in place – next: sources!
• Durban also the beginning of a geopolitical change?
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KEY ISSUES upcoming negotiations
DURBAN PLATFORM: towards a single, fair and comprehensive legally binding agreement under the UNFCCC applicable to all Parties to be adopted by 2015
–> 2012 agree work programme
Address the gap in the collective level of ambition of the Cancun pledges before 2020 and before the new protocol in force
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Elements for a new protocol
• Overall objectives• Mitigation and accounting (incl. Flexible
mechanisms)• Compliance• Adaptation• Means of implementation (finance, Technology
transfer, capacity building)• Transparency of action and support
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Next stop DOHA
• 2012 is a pivotal year in making Durban operational • need an ambitious and expeditious work plan for the Durban
Platform on Enhanced Action• cannot allow the progress made in Durban to be unpicked • a major challenge for the next years is the "ambition
gap“• EU ready to take our part and move the Durban package
forward, notably on the Kyoto side
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Why a legally binding agreement?
• Strongest signal of governments’ commitment • treaties have the highest international status of any
government undertaking • they must be implemented by the Parties in good faith,
and are binding under international law
• Certainty • certainty that national efforts will be reciprocated
drives ambitious action and broader participation • confidence built on the certainty of government
action will encourage greater private sector investment and send positive signals to the carbon
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Ultimate goal: ensure effective domestic action globally by all relevant emitters
A legally binding treaty, containing specific and enforceable obligations the highest form of expression of political will and commitment at the international level.
Ratifying such a treaty signals a Party’s serious intent to act in return it generates reciprocity and good will key
elements essential to improve ratification of and compliance with a treaty
domestic ratification procedures itself has a value as such – legislative domestic act political debate, stakeholder involvement and engagement of civil society
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Leading by example the EU Climate and Energy package
Emissions Trading Directive 2009/29/EC in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors covered by the Directive by 21 % by 2020 compared to
2005
Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) 406/2009/EC in order to meet national emission limits overall reduction of the EU's GHG emissions in the covered sectors by 10% by
2020 compared to 2005.
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EU domestic action: (1) Overall framework
EU to meet Kyoto targets 2008-2012
Enacted legislation for -20% GHG by 2020
Conditional step-up to -30%
Emission reduction objective for all developed countries of 80-95% by 2050
Binding national targets to increase share of renewables in EU’s energy mix to 20% by 2020
Improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020
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EU domestic action: (2) Establishing
a carbon market
• EU Emissions Trading System as world’s largest carbon market
• Move to more auctioning
• Benchmarked allocations to industry
• Integrating more sectors: aviation, some industrial processes
• Nucleus for an international carbon market
• Major demand for international credits
• Linking with other systems
– Switzerland, Australia
• New/emerging domestic carbon markets: New Zealand, Korea, China, Mexico, Brazil
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EU domestic action: (3) Integration of
aviation in the EU ETS
• The coverage of EU Emissions Trading System extended to aviation
• Internal, outgoing and incoming flights
• Legislation was agreed in 2008 and Implementation work is well on track
• EU moves first, while being keen to collaborate with and further progress in ICAO to address global aviation emissions
• Approach is consistent with CBDR principle and ensures fair competition in international aviation
• All flights between Europe and a given third country destination covered, independent of the airline operating the flight
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Efficient pathway:-25% in 2020-40% in 2030-60% in 2040
A cost-efficient pathway towards 205080% domestic reduction in 2050 is feasiblewith currently available technologies,with behavioural change only induced through pricesIf all economic sectors contribute to a varying degree & pace.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Current policy
Power Sector
Residential & Tertiary
Non CO2 Other Sectors
Industry
Transport
Non CO2 Agriculture
EU domestic action (4) : Preparing for 2050
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EU domestic action: (5) Stimulating low carbon investments
• Investment needs: € 270 billion annually 2010-2050, equivalent to 1.5% of EU GDP
• Commission proposal for next multiannual financial framework (MFF)
• ≥ 20% climate related (> € 200 billion 2014-2020)
• Energy and transport infrastructure, energy efficiency, renewables, agriculture, …
• SET-Plan to support research & innovation
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Conclusion: The EU’s way forward
Towards a comprehensive legal framework covering all major economies – political commitment to continuing Kyoto Protocol
Steam ahead in EU with climate action, through legislation (ETS, renewable energy, efficiency) and finance (MFF)
Foster bilateral and pluri-lateral cooperation on low carbon policies
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2121
Thank you for your attention
For further information:http://ec.europa.eu/clima
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