Clemens Findeisen German Biogas Association
Biowaste to Biogas – production of energy and fertilizer from organic waste
Content
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste
• Comparison of different operation technologies in use
• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane
2
German Biogas Association
Headquarters in Freising 23 employees, organised in 10 departments
Board of Trustees Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups and
advisory boards
Steering Committee 7 members, elected for a 4-year-period
Berlin Office 5 employees
Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal 5 employees
Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in
of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law
over
400
hon
orar
y ex
pert
s
23 Regional groups in Germany
4,800 Members
Operators of biogas plants
Research Institutions
Interested private individuals Companies and manufacturers
Lawyers
Corporate finance Public authorities
Providers of feedstock
Planners, advisers, laboratories Mem
ber o
f the
Eur
opea
n B
ioga
s As
soci
atio
n (E
BA)
Number of biogas plants in Germany
4
139 159 186 274 370 450 617850
1.0501.300
1.6001.7502.050
2.680
3.5003.711
3.891
4.984
5.905
7.1757.515
7.8507.9448.005
650
1.1001.271
1.377
1.893
2.291
3.097
3.3523.543
3.8594.054
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
9.000
Inst
alle
d el
ectr
ic c
apac
ity
Num
ber o
f bio
gas
plan
ts
Years
Number of biogas plants in GermanyInstalled electric capacity in Megawatt [MW]
© Fachverband Biogas e.V. / German Biogas Association
4 GW Biogas capacity installed el. Power (5% ! of total PC)
Fields of Application for Biogas
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Excrements Energycrops Household waste Industrial and commercial waste
Liquid and solid manure, dung…
Grass, maize, corn, potatoes, fodder beet, mustard, silage…
Beet leaf, straw, harvest residues., vegetable matter …
separate collected household biowaste (“biobin”), garden and park waste, organic fraction of mixed waste, sewage sludge,...
Catering waste, food waste, leftovers, expired food, fat separator contents, flotation tailings, old fat and grease, blood, residues from milk production, vegetable waste, brewer grains, molasses, distiller´s wash, …
Agricultural by-products
Feedstock in German biogas plants
Biogas plant
Digestate
Biogas Heat, electricity, fuel
Fertilizer
Agriculture
14,2 million t/a separately collected biowaste (incl. 8,2 million t/a household biowaste = biobin + garden waste)
Incineration Composting Fermentation
material energetic recycling/ recovery
Approx. 5,7 million t/a biowaste About 300 – 400 plants (85 municipal plants)
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, 2012, Fachverband Biogas estimation
Biogas from biowaste in Germany
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Clean waste streams
Contaminated waste streams
Waste preparation
Shredding, sieving, metal separation Manual separation
Bioextrusion
Sanitation and stabilisation of biowaste
Sanitation stabilisation Biowaste Sanitized and
stabilized digestate
Thermophilic Digestion (> 50°C)
Thermophilic Composting
Pasteurisation (>70°C; 1h; 12 mm)
Mesophilic Digestion
Option 3
Option 2
Option 1
Other validated method Option 4
Nutrients of digestate
pH DM Nges Nava P2O5 K2O MgO S Org. Humus
% FM % TM % Nges % TM % TM % TM % TM % TM % TM
7.1 – 8.4 3 - 95 3 - 17 30 - 100 1 - 6 2 .5 - 8 0.4 – 2 0.4 - 3 40 - 80 10 - 12
Liquid digestate
Separated digestate
Composted digestate
Pelletised digestate
Dried digestate
Liquid Upgrading
Pelletising Composting Drying
Separation
Upgrading of the digestate
Content
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste
• Comparison of different operation technologies in use
• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane
14
Systematization of the digestion systems
Source: Prof. Weiland, FAL Braunschweig, 2006
Characterization : Difference
1 Moisture level of substrate Wet- or Dryfermentation
2 Process temperature Mesophilic or thermophilic digestion
3 Process stages Single- or multistage process
4 Material flow Continuous or discontinuous process
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Technologies in use in Germany Wet digestion
Complete Mixed Reactor Dry continuous digestion
Plug Flow Reactor Dry batch digestion
Garage Systems
< 15 % dm 15 – 30 % dm > 30 % dm
Thermophilic Thermophilic Thermophilic
Mesophilic Mesophilic Mesophilic
Complete mixed reactor - inside a digester
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©Fachverband Biogas e.V.
Source: Schmack Biogas AG
Capacity: 32.000 t/a Input: Municipal + commercial organic waste, garden waste Biogas for: 1.200 kWel
Compost: 15.000 t/a Commissioning: December 2014
WastERGY® Plant Hochfranken
Owner / operator RSB Bioverwertung GmbH
Source: Rehau Group – Energy Solutions
Complete mixed reactor - with a two stage process
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Origin: Snow Leopard
Kenya / 2 MW / vegetable waste
Origen: Axpo Kompogas AG, Kompostwerk Lemgo
Input
digestate
biogas
20
Plug flow reactor
Plug flow reactor
21
•Origen: Axpo-Kompogas / Büchl Entsorgungswirtschaft GmbH; BioIN GmbH
Incineration Plant
Acceptance hall (deep bunker) Municipal Solid Waste
Waste Recycling technique
Acceptance Hall (deep bunker) Source Seperated Biowaste
Intermediate bunker hall
Digester 2 x TTV 1650
Liquid & Solid seperation
Gas purification (Membrane System) & Gas grid injection
Post-composting hall
Liquid storage tanks
•Origen: Augsburg/Thöny AVA Abfallverwertung Augsburg GmbH
23
•Origen: Augsburg/Thöny
Plug flow reactor
Plug flow reactor
24
•Origen: Berlin Ruhleben, BSR, Strabag
Dranco Technology: Chagny (FR): MSW & GREEN WASTE
•Origen: OWS
26
Hydraulic digester
• No mechanical equipment like
agitators • Mixing and substrate discharge is
driven by biogas produced by digester • Effective sediment and floating
material discharge • Defined flow without short circuiting
Source: AAT Biogas Technology
Origen: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG
Garage System
27
Origen: Eggersmann 28
Garage System
29
Origin: Bekon Energy Technologies GmbH & Co. KG
Garage System
30
Hybrid anerobic digestion Origin: Schmack / Viesmann Group
Content
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste
• Comparison of different operation technologies in use
• Biogas upgrading to Biomethane
31
Source: FVB (2006)
Comparison between biogas and biomethane
Biogas
Biomethane (natural gas quality)
Methane (CH4) 50-75 % > 97 %
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 25-45 % < 3 %
Oxygen (O2) 2-4 % < 0.5 %
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S) < 0-6,000 ppm < 5 ppm
What‘s biomethane?
Biomethane is a cleaned (free of H2S, water, etc.)
and upgraded (nearly free of CO2) biogas…
…and therefore…
…a sustainable and renewable natural gas substitute
Origin: Michael Beil, Fraunhofer Institute
Source: EBA Biogas Report 2014
21%
40%5%
30%
3%
1%
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Water Scrubber
Physical absorption
Chemical absorption
Membrane separation
Cryogenic separation
Split of biomethane upgrading units in Europe in 2013
Some Facts on Biomethane
• The gas can be tapped from the natural gas grid and be converted into power or heat; it can be used as fuel for vehicles or it can be stored for several months
• 900 CNG fuelling station in Germany – more than a third of third offer partially or 100 percent biomethane
• A vehicle operated with biomethane reduces the CO2 emissions by up to 90 per cent as compared with a conventional petrol-fuelled vehicle.
• It costs the vehicle owner only half of costs per kilometre in Germany when using biomethane
• Costs: 1,12 € per kg Biomethane (with 20 € a distance range of aprox. 400 km can be reached) 36
Conclusion
• Biogas is as an all-rounder and a key in the energy mix • Various environmental benefits by AD • Digestate is high quality organic fertiliser (nutrients, humus) • Main trends in Germany:
1. Feedstock: manure/waste - no energy crops 2. Flexibility (balancing the fluctuating power generation)
• Huge potential and interest for biogas worldwide (biowaste, agricultural residues, landfill gas, sewage gas, use of biomethane as a fuel) -> know-how is necessary
• Safety standards and operators training! • Lot of experience and know-how in Germany. Partnerships!
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Thank you for your attention!
16.-18.02. 2016 BIOGAS Conference / Nürnberg 15.-17.11. 2016 BIOGAS Conference & Trade Fair / Hannover parallel to EnergyDecentral • Biogas Basics!
• Know-How Transfer!
• International Panel on
Development & Emerging Countries!
• Best practise on Waste digestion and „exotic“ substrates!
www.biogas.org 38
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Clemens Findeisen
Consultant Development Cooperation German Biogas Association
Telefon: 0049 (0) 1763 / 17 88 290
Email: [email protected] Internet: www.biogas.org