Download - Classification of Matter. Matter Matter: Anything that has mass and volume 3 phases of matter
Classification of Matter
Matter
Matter: Anything that has mass and volume
3 phases of matter
The Nature of MatterThe Nature of Matter
Chemists are interested in the nature of matter and how this is related to its atoms and molecules.
Gold Mercury
Chemistry & Matter
• We can explore the MACROSCOPIC world — what we can see —
• to understand the PARTICULATE worlds we cannot see.
• We write SYMBOLS to describe these worlds.
A Chemist’s View of Water
H2O (gas, liquid, solid)
MacroscopicMacroscopic
SymbolicSymbolicParticulateParticulate
A Chemist’s View
2 H2(g) + O2 (g) --> 2 H2O(g)
MacroscopicMacroscopic
SymbolicSymbolicParticulateParticulate
Kinetic Nature of MatterKinetic Nature of MatterMatter consists of
atoms and molecules in motion.
STATES OF MATTERSTATES OF MATTER
• Solids — have rigid shape, fixed volume. External shape can reflect the atomic and molecular arrangement.
• Liquids — have no fixed shape and may not fill a container completely.
• Gases — expand to fill their container.
OTHER STATES OF MATTEROTHER STATES OF MATTER
• PLASMA — an electrically charged gas; Example: the sun or any other star
• BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE — a condensate that forms near absolute zero that has superconductive properties; Example: supercooled Rb gas
Physical Properties– Characteristic of a substance that can be
observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.
Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.
Hardness Texture Color
Odor Taste Temperature
More EXAMPLES - Physical
• size, shape, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetism, viscosity, density, luster and many more.– Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to
flowing.– Examples:– Low viscosity-water, rubbing alcohol– High viscosity-honey
Physical Changes– can be observed
without changing the identity of the substance
Some physical changes would be
• boiling of a liquid• melting of a solid• dissolving a solid in a liquid
to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.
Chemical Properties
• Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up.
Flammability Rusting Creating gas bubbles
Creating a new chemical
product
Reactivity with water
pH
Chemical Change
• Chemical change or chemical reaction — transformation of one or more atoms or molecules into one or more different molecules.
• Burning hydrogen (H2) in oxygen (O2) gives H2O.
Classification of Matter
• Now that we have defined chemical and physical properties of matter, we can use that to help us classify it.
• One way chemists classify matter is based on its purity.
Matter
Mixture Pure Substance
ElementCompoundHeterogeneous Mixture
Homogeneous Mixture
Can be separated physically
Cannot be separated physically
Can see the parts
Cannot see the parts
Can be separated chemically
Cannot be separated
Most impure Most pure
suspension colloid
Suspension
• Heterogenous mixture containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation (or settling).
• Example: sand in water
Colloid
• A colloid is a substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance.
• Dispersed particles are very small and have a diameter of between approximately 2 and 500 nanometers.
• Example: homogenized milk
Classification of Matter
• Pure Substance – Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties.
Example: Pure water always has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions.
If water ever tastes different then it isn’t pure water; it fits into our next category.
Classification of Matter
• Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Example: Copper and Zinc can be mixed together to produce brass.Even though it may look different, it is still copper and zinc. Each metal retains its own properties like melting point.
Classification of Matter
• Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physical means.
How could we separate the copper and zinc back out?
Mixtures
• Mixture – Two or more pure substances mixed together. Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals?
Pure Substances
• Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: compounds and elements.
Pure Substances
• Compound – Two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Examples:Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Sucrose (C12H22O11)
Pure Substances
• Compounds have only 1 set of properties. They cannot be separated by any physical process.- Can only be separated by a chemical reaction.
Water can be separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis.
Pure Substances
• Elements – Substances made up of only one type of atom. - Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process.
Examples:CarbonHeliumGold
Classify the following slide using these five classifications:
- Non-matter- Heterogeneous Mixture- Homogeneous Mixture
- Compound- Element
HeliumHe Bronze
Cu + Sn
Electricity
SteelFe + C
WaterH2O
Cookie
AirN2 + O2 + Ar + CO2
Carbon DioxideCO2
Italian Dressing
IronFe
Salt WaterH2O + NaCl
DiamondC
Heat
Light
MercuryHg
RAFT• Role: Forum/Blog poster. You can be either a
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• Audience: Readers in the forum “Safety in the Chemistry Classroom.
• Format: Internet Forum Post• Topic: Respond to Free4All’s post: “I don’t see
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