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Classification of Matter
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Four classes of matter
The four classes of matter are elements, compounds, mixtures, and solutions
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Homogeneous matter Appears to look similar throughout
Ex: salt, sugar, whipped cream
all parts are alike (appearance)
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Question
What does the prefix “homo” mean?
Name the four classes of matter.
What are the four phases of matter?
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Question
Milk in most stores is homogenized. What do you think this means?
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Heterogeneous matter
Matter that has different properties
Ex: soil, cereal with raisins, concrete
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Question
How is homogeneous matter different from heterogeneous matter?
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Question video Why is it better to classify matter according to make-up rather than phase? Think!
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What is a mixture? A combination of substances
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined
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Properties of mixtures The substances in a mixture keep their separate identities (properties)
Ex: salt/pepper, sugar/water
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Separating mixtures The substances in a mixture can be separated by simple physical means
Evaporation and filtration are used to separate mixtures
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Types of mixtures (video) Heterogeneous mixtures are the “least mixed” of all mixtures
The different particles in mixtures are large enough to be seen
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Homogeneous mixtures
Homogenous mixtures are “well mixed”
Particles are small and not easily recognized
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Question
What are two ways mixtures can be separated?
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Solutions (video)
A solution is a mixture in which a substance is dissolved in another, “best mixed”
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Properties of a solution Particles are not large enough to be seen
Evenly spread particles Particles cannot be separated by simple physical means
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Alloys (video)
Solutions of metals are alloys
Ex: gold jewelry, brass, sterling silver, stainless steel
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Questions
Describe an alloy. What are two properties of a solution?
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Pure substances (video) Homogeneous matter is also known as a pure substance
Properties: one kind of material with the same properties
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Elements Simplest types pure substances
Made of only one type of atom
Cannot be broken down by chemical processes or heating
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What is an atom? (video)
The smallest particle of an element that has the same properties of the element is the atom
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Chemical symbols A short way of representing elements
Consists of one or two letters
An abbreviation for an element
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Question
What are two properties of elements?
What is an atom?
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Compounds (video) Pure substances made of more than one element is a compound
Ex: carbon dioxide, ammonia, sugar
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Molecules Two or more atoms that are
chemically bonded Smallest part of a
compound that has the same properties of that compound
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Separating compounds Compounds are made of molecules
Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by heating and electricity
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Questions
How is a molecule different from an atom?
How is a compound different from an element?
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Chemical formulas
Combinations of chemical symbols are chemical formulas (C3H7OH) (NH3)
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Subscript A subscript is placed to the lower right of the chemical symbol
It gives the number of atoms of the element
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Questions
How is chemical symbol different from a chemical formula?
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Chemical equations A description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas is a chemical equation
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Coefficient The number used to balance a chemical equation (coefficient)
“Balanced” means the same number of reactants and products
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Questions
How is a subscript different from a coefficient?
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Chemical reactions
Reactants are the substances that enter a chemical reaction
Products are the substances formed by a chemical reaction
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Chemical equations 2H2+O2 (reactants) 2H2O The arrow means yields
(makes) C + O2 CO2 (products)
Reactants (yield) products
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Questions
What does the arrow mean in a chemical equation?
What is a chemical equation?
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Questions
What is another name for a chemical reaction?
On what side of a chemical reaction would you find the reactants?
Products?