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Classification
Needed to study similarities / differences of organisms
Most common system has 6 Kingdoms
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I. Classification System
A. Based on:1. Presence / absence of nuclear membrane2. Unicellular (one) vs.Multi-cellular (many)3. Type of nutrition (autotroph vs. heterotroph)
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II. Kingdoms
A. Monera1. Lacking nuclear membrane2. Bacteria
3. Blue-green algae
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II. KingdomsB. Protista
1. Mainly unicellular2. Plant-like / animal-like characteristics3. Protozoa – heterotrophic (paramecium)
4. Algae – autotrophic (photosynthesis)
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II. KingdomsC. Fungi
1. Multicellular2. Filaments absorb digested food from env3. Yeast
4. Bread Mold
5. Mushroom
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II. Kingdoms
D. Plant1. Multicellular, photosynthetic (autotrophs)2. Bryophytes
a. Lack vascular tissue (no roots, stems or leaves)b. Get nutrients and excrete wastes by diffusionc. Moss
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II. Kingdoms
3. Tracheophytesa. Have vascular tissue (roots, stems, leaves)b. Fern, Maple and Oak Trees
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II. Kingdoms
E. Animal1. Multicellular heterotrophs (ingest food)2. Coelenterates
a. 2 cell layers w/ hallow body cavityb. Hydra, jellyfish
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II. Kingdoms
3. Annelidsa. Segmented body wallsb. Earthworm, centipede
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II. Kingdoms
4. Arthropodsa. Jointed appendagesb. Exoskeletonc. Grasshopper, lobster, spider
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II. Kingdoms
5. Chordatesa. Dorsal nerve cordb. Shark, frog, human
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III. Overview
A. Monerans = most primativeB. Animals = most complexC. Classification suggests some
organisms have common ancestry
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IV. Nomenclature (Naming)
A. Kingdoms are broken into smaller groups
1. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
2. Genus – Organisms have very similar structure
3. Species – organisms can reproduce AND have VIABLE young (their young can reproduce)
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IV. Nomenclature (Naming)
B. Modern System (binomial nomenclature) developed by Linnaeus (early 1700s)
1. Names are in Latin2. Scientific Name = Genus + Species3. Genus – First part, capitalized4. Species – Second part5. Homo sapien or Homo sapien