Classical Conditioning

Chapter 9

Three Kinds of Learning

• Classical – neutral stimulus produces a response from an original stimulus• Found in chapter 9

• Operant – consequences change behavioral occurrences

• Cognitive – mental processes involving attention, memory, observation and imitation• Both found in chapter 10

Classical Experiments

• Pavlov’s Dog• Dentist, Needles, etc.• Little Albert

• Unconditioned stimulus – natural

• Neutral stimulus – no response

• Unconditioned response – natural

• Conditioned response – learned

Conditioning Concepts

• Generalization – similar stimuli

• Discrimination – different stimuli

• Extinction – no longer responds

• Spontaneous Recovery – response

reappears

• Adaptive value for survival

• Taste-aversion for safety• Natural preparedness

traits• Emotional responses

Classical Results

Theories • Stimulus Substitution• Contiguity Theory• Cognitive Perspective

Applications • Anticipatory Nausea• Systematic Desensitization• Mass Appeal/Suggestion