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Class URL:
http://stan.cropsci.uiuc.edu/courses/index.php
For powerpoints and handouts. Let me know if there’s a problem.
Also, please drop me an email if you’d like to come to office hours (anytime, by appointment).
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Waiter!
There’s DNA in my food!
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Fun DNA fact #1
• The information in the human genome would fill two hundred 500-page telephone directories.
• The genomes of most commonly grown crops (corn, soybean) are about as large, or larger (wheat).
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DNA – blueprint of life
• DNA determines the characteristics of all living organisms. Well, unless you count viruses.
• DNA is composed of a four-letter nucleotide/molecule alphabet referred to as A, T, C, and G.
• The combination of letters determines all the inherited characteristics of the living organism.
• Each cell in the human body contains >3 BILLION letters. A soybean cell, >1.2 billion.
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(Franklin), Crick, Watson (and Wilkins) – structure of DNA
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A double helix with two antiparallel strands
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“It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a copying mechanism for the genetic material.”
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Base Pairing
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5’
3’
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Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus(DNA)
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DNA extraction from plants
• Smush (“homogenize”) the cells
• Dissolve membranes and solublize DNA in a detergent buffer.
• Remove solids with centrifugation
• Remove proteins with phenol extraction
• Precipitate DNA with alcohol
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Each cell contains 9 feet of DNA. In an average meal, you eat approximately
55,000,000 cells or about 93,205 miles of DNA.
Fun DNA fact #2
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DNA extraction issues
• Homogenization
- has to be “just right”• RNA• Hydrodynamic
shearing
- treat it gently