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1 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Course Number
1190_05_2000_c2 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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2 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Introduction to VPNsIntroduction to VPNs
Extending the Classic WAN
Session 2400
Extending the Classic WAN
Session 2400
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AgendaAgenda
VPN ChoicesChoosing Whats Right For You
Understanding the Build ing Blocks of a VPN
Security
Platforms
Quality of Service
Network and Service Monitoring
Next Steps and Real World Deployments
Q&A
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What Is a VPN?What Is a VPN?
MainOffice
HomeOffice
POP
MobileWorker
BusinessPartner
RemoteOffice
RegionalOffice
Connectivity Deployed on a SharedInfrastructure with the Same Policies and
Performance as a Private Network
Virtual Private
Network
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The VPN TimelineThe VPN Timeline
1996 IETF IPSec Draft Standard
1997 IKE Reference Code
Diffie/Hellman Patent Buyout
1998 Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol (SCEP)
Campus VPN
1999 Remote Access VPN
2000 IETF PKIX CMC
Accelerated VPN Services
2001 Secure Streaming Services
Audio/Video/Voice
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MainOffice
MobileWorkers
RegionalOffice
HomeOffices
RemoteOffice
Private Line Network
Classic WANClassic WAN
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MainOffice
MobileWorkers
BusinessPartners
??
HomeOffices
RegionalOffice
RemoteOffice
Very
RemoteOffice
??
??1000s of Remote
WorkersPrivate Line Network
Classic WANTodays New Challenges
Classic WANTodays New Challenges
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MainOffice
MobileWorkers
BusinessPartners
?
HomeOffices
RegionalOffice
RemoteOffice
VeryRemote
Office
?
?1000s of RemoteWorkers
Internet/IPVPN
Private Line Network
VPNs Extend the Classic WANVPNs Extend the Classic WAN
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Multiservice/Voice
Telecommuters
Partners
CustomersVery Remote Sites
Networked Applications
EnterpriseWAN
Connectivity
Enabling the Internet EconomyEnabling the Internet Economy
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RemoteOffice
MainOffice
VPN
POP
HomeOffice
POP
MobileWorker
Remote Access VPNRemote Access VPN
Secure, scalable,Secure, scalable,encrypted tunnelsencrypted tunnelsacross a publicacross a publicnetwork, clientnetwork, clientsoftwaresoftware
Cost savings overCost savings overtoll-free numbertoll-free numberexpendituresexpenditures
BusinessPartner
Extranet VPNExtranet VPN
Extends WANsExtends WANsto businessto businesspartnerspartners
Safe L3 securitySafe L3 security
IntranetIntranet VPNVPN
Low cost , tunneledLow cost, tunneledconnections withconnections withrich VPN services,rich VPN services,like IPSeclike IPSecencryption and QoSencryption and QoSto ensure reliableto ensure reliablethroughputthroughput
Cost savings overCost savings overFrame Relay andFrame Relay andleased linesleased lines
Types of Virtual Private NetworksTypes of Virtual Private Networks
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VPN
Central Site
Intranet
ExtranetBusiness-to-Business
Site-to-Site:Intranet and Extranet
Extension of classic WAN
VPN services and scalable
performance
POPDSL
Cable
Remote Access
Remote Access
Extension of dial
User manageability anddeployment scalability
The Challenge andOpportunityof Broadband Access
VPN Applications andRequirements
VPN Applications andRequirements
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Internet
CorporateNetwork
Encrypted IPEncrypted IP
Access VPN: Client InitiatedAccess VPN: Client Initiated
Encrypted tunnel from the remote clientto the corporate network
Independent of broadband access technology
Standards compliantIPSec encapsulated tunnel
IKE key management
Fully interoperableCisco IOSand other IPSec-compliant systems
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MainOffice
RemoteOffice
RemoteOffice
Service Prov ider
POP
POP
POPInternet/IP VPNs
VPN Types: Intranet VPNVPN Types: Intranet VPN
Extends the connectionlessIP model across a shared WAN
Reduces application development time
Reduces support costs
Reduces line costs
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Service Provider
BusinessPartner
SupplierCustomer
Main
Office
POPPOP
POPPOP
POPPOP
RemoteOffice
RemoteOffice
VPN Types: Extranet VPNVPN Types: Extranet VPN
Extend connectivity to suppliers, customers, and business partners
Over a shared infrastructu re
Using dedicated connections
While ensuring proper level of authorized access
Internet/IP VPNs
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POP
Internet
Remote Router or Firewall Initiated
POP
IPSecEncrypted
Tunnel
For Site-to-Site ConnectivityIntranets and Extranets
Router/Firewall-Init iated VPNRouter/Firewall-Initiated VPN
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Layer 3Layer 2
Internet VPN IP VPN
Intranet VPNExtranet VPNIntranet VPNExtranet VPN
FR ATM
VPNs Come in Many FlavorsVPNs Come in Many Flavors
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VPNsWho Does WhatVPNsWho Does What
Enterprise ManagedEnterprise Managed
InternetVPN
Service Provider ManagedService Provider Managed
IPVPN
Service Provider providesbasic VPN connectivity
Enterprise manages QoS,
security, SLA, andconfiguration of VPNfunctions
Service Provider providesturnkey VPN
Enterprise outsources design,
provis ioning and management Enterprise controls security
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VPN Equipment OptionsVPN Equipment Options
Multiple devices
Separatemanagement
ServiceProvider
Firewa
ll
Encrypt
SLA Probe
Integrated services
Scalable performance
Simplified provisioning
B/wM
gr.
ServiceProvider
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VPN SecurityVPN Security
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Security Office
TraditionalLocks
Guard
SecurityCamera
Card KeyCard Key
Security: A Physical AnalogySecurity: A Physical Analogy
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PolicyPolicy
Elements of Network SecurityElements of Network Security
Corporate security policy
Secure
Identification
Provide authentication servicesPerimeter contro l
Restrict and manage access to networkresources
Protect against denial-of-service attacks, etc.
Data privacyVPN
Ensure data confidentiality
Security monitoring
Detect and react to int ruders
Test
Recognize network vu lnerabilities
Policy Management
Centralized control of security services
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Why VPN Security?Why VPN Security?
VPNs are shared IPnetworks (untrusted)
VPNs need robustsecurity like classic WANs
Authentication
Integrity and confidentiality
VPNs needauditing/monitoring:How do you know yourVPN is secure?
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IPSec Technology ReviewIPSec Technology Review
IETF standard enables encrypted communication between users and devices
Implemented transparently into the network infrastructure
Scales from small to very large networks
Open standard enables multivendor in teroperability
Included in Cisco IOS 11.3 and later
Router to Router
PC to ServerRouter to Firewall
PC to Router
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IP HDRIP HDR
Encrypted
IP HDRIP HDR DATADATA
IPSec HDRIPSec HDR DATADATA
Tunnel ModeTunnel Mode
Transport ModeTransport Mode
IP HDRIP HDR DATADATA
IPSec HDRIPSec HDR IP HDRIP HDRNew IP HDRNew IP HDR
Encrypted
DATADATA
IPSec ModesIPSec Modes
Tunnel mode:appliedto an IP tunnel
Outer IP header specifiesIPSec processing
destination
Inner IP header specifiesultimate packet destination
Transport mode:between two hosts
Header after IP header,before TCP/UDP header
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CACA?Internet
B A N K
CACA
Public Key InfrastructurePublic Key Infrastructure
Digital certification identity mechanism for users and devices(electronic ID card)
Certificate Authori ty (CA) verifies identity and signs digitalcertificate, and deals with certif icate creation, storage,distribution, revocation, recovery
Certificate Authorities help provide scalability Cisco IOS interoperates with:
Verisign Onsite for IPSec, Entrust VPN Connector, Baltimore Technolog ies,Microsoft
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IPSec Linking SitesIPSec Linking Sites
Device authentication
Crypto devices obtain digitalcertificates f rom CAs
Authorization
Packet selection via ACLs
Security Association (SA)established via IKE
Privacy and integrity
IPSec-based encryptionand digital signature
Security Associationsare a scarce resource
CertificateAuthority
D
igita
lCertific
ate
DigitalC
ertific
ate
SA
AuthenticatedEncryptedTunnel
Encrypted
Clear TextInternal Network
Internal Network
Digital CertificateDigital Certificate
ISAK
MPSe
ssion
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Corporate Network
CertificateAuthor ity
Internet
ServiceProvider
Remote Office
Intrusion Detection
RouterPIX
DMZ
Mobile User
Security Scanner
Security Manager
Policy Server
Manufacturing
IOS Firewall
CiscoSecure
VPN Client
Business Partner
Message
Message
DigitalCertificate
DigitalCertificate
Secure VPN: IdentitySecure VPN: Identity
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Corporate Network
CertificateAuthor ity
Internet
ServiceProvider
Remote Office
Intrusion Detection
RouterPIX
DMZ
Mobile User
Security Scanner
Security ManagerPolicy Server
Manufacturing
IOS Firewall
CiscoSecure
VPN Client
Business Partner
Secure VPN: Data PrivacySecure VPN: Data Privacy
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Corporate Network
CertificateAuthor ity
Internet
ServiceProvider
Remote Office
Intrusion Detection
RouterPIX
DMZ
Mobile User
Security Scanner
Security Manager
Policy Server
Manufacturing
IOS Firewall
CiscoSecure
VPN Client
Business Partner
Hacker
Secure VPN: Perimeter SecuritySecure VPN: Perimeter Security
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Corporate Network
CertificateAuthor ity
Internet
ServiceProvider
Remote Office
Intrusion Detection
RouterPIX
DMZ
Mobile User
Security Scanner
Security ManagerPolicy Server
Manufacturing
IOS Firewall
CiscoSecure
VPN Client
Business Partner
Hacker
Secure VPN: Security MonitoringSecure VPN: Security Monitoring
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Corporate Network
CertificateAuthor ity
Internet
ServiceProvider
Remote Office
Intrusion Detection
RouterPIX
DMZ
Mobile User
Security Scanner
Security Manager
Policy Server
Manufacturing
IOS Firewall
CiscoSecure
VPN Client
Business Partner
Policy
Policy
PolicyPolicy
Policy
Update
Policy
Secure VPN: Policy ManagementSecure VPN: Policy Management
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E-VPN PlatformsE-VPN Platforms
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ScalableEncryptionProcessor(SEP)
ScalableEncryptionProcessor(SEP)
Remote Access VPNCisco VPN 3000 Concentrator Series
Remote Access VPNCisco VPN 3000 Concentrator Series
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Cisco Site-to-Site VPN SolutionsScalabil ity for Every Site
Cisco Site-to-Site VPN SolutionsScalabil ity for Every Site
MainOffice
Small Office/Home Office
RemoteOffice
Internet/IP VPNRegional
Office
Cisco 1700 SeriesCisco 1700 Series
VPN-optimizedVPN-optimized
router connectingrouter connectingremote offices atremote offices atT1/E1 speedsT1/E1 speeds
Cisco 800, UBr900, andCisco 800, UBr900, and1400 Series1400 Series
VPN-optimized routers forVPN-optimi zed routers forISDN, DSL, and cableISDN, DSL, and cableconnectivityconnectivity
Cisco 2600 and 3600 SeriesCisco 2600 and 3600 Series
VPN-optimized routersVPN-optimized routers
connectingconnectingbranch andbranch andregional offices atregional offices atnxT1/E1 speedsnxT1/E1 speeds
Cisco 7100, 7200 and 7500 SeriesCisco 7100, 7200 and 7500 Series
7100 for dedicated VPN7100 for dedicated VPNhead-end; 7200, and 7500head-end; 7200, and 7500
for hybrid private WAN andfor hybrid private WAN andVPN connectivi tyVPN connectivi ty
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MainOffice
Small Office/Home Office
RemoteOffice
Internet/IP VPNRegional
Office
Site-SpecificSite-Specific
ScalabilityScalability Range of platforms toRange of platforms to
meet requirementsmeet requirements
from ISDN to DS3+from ISDN to DS3+
Investment ProtectionInvestment Protection Encryption accelerationEncryption acceleration
modularity and softwaremodularity and softwareextensionsextensions
Device IntegrationDevice Integration VPN-Securi ty, L3VPN-Securi ty, L3
routing, QoS, Servicerouting, QoS, Service
level validation, andlevel validation, anddiverse VPN accessdiverse VPN accessmediamedia
Feature InteroperabilityFeature Interoperability Single device solutionSingle device solution
ensures interoperabilityensures interoperability
of all VPN servicesof all VPN services
Site-to-Site VPN SolutionsSite-to-Site VPN Solutions
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E-VPN
Services
E-VPN
Services
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Make optimum use ofVPN WAN link(s)
Provide bandwidth and priorityto mission-critical apps
Control non-mission-criticalapplications
Exploit differentiatedservices offered byService Provider
QoS Benefits for VPNs
CPE FunctionsCPE Funct ions
Packet classification
Packet marking
WAN-link bandwidthmanagement
Measurement
SP FunctionsSP Functions
Adhere to SLA
Throughput
Latency
Availabi li ty
Control congestion
ISP
Quality of Service in a VPNQuality of Service in a VPN
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Non-Classified Traffic
Classi
fier
QoSM
arking
Crypto
Engin
e
Tunneled and Encrypted Packetwith QoS Preservation
Output QueuingISP
End-to-End
IPSec TOS PreservationIPSec TOS Preservation
Enables classification for encrypted andtunneled VPNs
Supports ISP Differentiated Services offerings
Preserves QoS Signaling end-to-end
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E-VPNManagement
E-VPNManagement
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Internet /IP VPN
VPN Security ManagementVPN Security Management
IPSec
IKE
Certif
icate
Certif
icate
Headquarters
IntrusionDetection
Pix
RegionalOffice
Securi ty ManagerCentralizedSecurity PolicyControl
ACLManagerManagesAccessControl Lists
CertificateAuthor ityIssue DigitalCertificates
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VPN Bandwidth ManagementVPN Bandwidth Management
Headquarters
IntrusionDetection
Pix
QoS MonitorMonitorsTraffic
Distribution
SAA
Service LevelManagerSLA Monitoring
andMeasurement
QoS PolicyManagerCentralized
BandwidthManagementPolicy Control
Internet /IP VPN
Regional
Office
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Next StepsNext Steps
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Major VPN ChallengesMajor VPN Challenges
Mobility
Streaming services
Voice, video, audio
Scalable deployment
Policy management
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Local Standardsand Practices
Role ofRegulation
ConflictingNationalPolicies
Non-Technology ChallengesNon-Technology Challenges
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Network Manager Provides ongoing
application andconfigurationmanagement andhelp desk support
Network Manager Provides ongoing
application andconfigurationmanagement andhelp desk support
Service Provider Supplies VPN
equipment and addsQoS to bandwidthoffering
Service Provider Supplies VPN
equipment and addsQoS to bandwidthoffering
50%50%
50%50%
Increasing Enterprise Network RoleIncreasing Enterprise Network Role
90%90%
10%10%
Network Manager
Buys products fromVPN vendor
Manages network
Network Manager
Buys products fromVPN vendor
Manages network
Service Provider Supplies basic
Internet access
Service Prov ider Supplies basic
Internet access
10%10%
90%90%
Net Manager Administers
security server
Net Manager Administers
security server
Service Prov ider Supplies complete
VPN solution,including service,training, and helpdesk
Service Provider Supplies complete
VPN solution,including service,training, and helpdesk
VPN Deployment OptionsVPN Deployment Options
Increasing Service Provider RoleIncreasing Service Provider Role
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Cost-Effectiveness of VPNRemote Access*
Cost-Effectiveness of VPNRemote Access*
*Numbers are quoted on an annual basis for 1000 users.
In-HouseIn-House VPNVPN
$957,000$957,000
$500,000$500,000
$440,000$440,000
$185,000$185,000
$750,000$750,000
$75,000$75,000
$2,907,000$2,907,000
$700,000$700,000
$450,000$450,000
$0$0
$100,000$100,000
$550,000$550,000
$0$0
$1,800,000$1,800,000
SavingsSavings
$257,000$257,000
$50,000$50,000
$440,000$440,000
$85,000$85,000
$200,000$200,000
$75,000$75,000
$1,107,000$1,107,000
38%38%
Ports and Tollfree AccessPorts and Tollfree Access
Network BackboneNetwork Backbone
StaffingStaffing
SecuritySecurity
24 x 7 Help Desk24 x 7 Help Desk
Network ManagementNetwork Management
Totals:Totals:
Savings Based onVPN Solution (1000 Users)Savings Based onVPN Solution (1000 Users)
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ChimeLink
CT HospitalAssociation
CharterCommunications
Laurel
Cable
CoxCommunications
Physicians
Home/Office
CableModems
T1
T1
PIX Firewall
Clinical DataRepository
Encrypted IP TunnelEncrypted IP TunnelIPSec Client
Cisco 3640
Waterbury HospitalWaterbury Hospital
1. Requirement Fast/secure access
to patient records
2. Solution Extranet VPN Via Cable modems and IPSec
3. Benefit High speed access to new applications More detailed patient information for doctors
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Internet56K
Connection
Encrypted IP TunnelEncrypted IP Tunnel
Media CompanyMedia Company1. Requirement
Reliable/low-cost Access f rom remote off ice
2. Solution Intranet VPN Via From Delhi to Hong Kong Lease line From Hong Kong
to US HQ
3. Benefit 10x cost savings over Frame Relay Deployment in 3 weeks vs 6 months Expanding VPN to other remote sites around wor ld
DelhiIndia
Singapore
LeasedLine
UnitedStates
Cisco 1720
Cisco 3600
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Altera SemiconductorAltera Semiconductor
Internet
TorontoCisco 2610 ISDN
Encrypted IP TunnelEncrypted IP Tunnel
1. Requirement Reliable/low-cost/secure Connections to remote offices and
telecommuters
2. Solution Intranet and Remote Access VPN
3. Benefit Fast/flexible deployment Higher speeds Secure communications
Cisco 3640Gateway
Cisco 7120VPN Router
Santa CruzCisco 2621
DSL
UnitedKingdom
IPSec Client
T1
San Jose HQ
FremontCable Modem
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Additional Information
www.cisco.com/go/evpn
www.cisco.com/go/security
www.cisco.com/go/securityassociates
Networking Professionals Community
White Papers, ISPs with CiscoPowered VPN Services, Design Guides,Data Sheets, 3rd Party Solutions
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Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
Multiservice/Voice
Telecommuters
Partners
CustomersVery Remote Sites
Networked Applications
VirtualPrivate
Networks
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Introduction to VPNs
Extending the Classic WAN
Session 2400
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Please Complete YourEvaluation Form
Please Complete YourEvaluation Form
Session 2400Session 2400
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