Download - Cisco CCNA module 9

1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Module 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP

Addressing


www.pnj.ac.idObjectives


www.pnj.ac.idThe TCP/IP Model The Department of Defense (DoD) developed the TCP/IP reference

model to provide a communication network that could continue to function in wartime.


www.pnj.ac.idTCP/IP Applications


www.pnj.ac.idTransport Layer Protocols

• The functions of TCP and UDP

Segment upper-layer application data



TCP is responsible for:• end-to-end

communication • flow control • reliability of data delivery

TCP supports a logical connection between the sending and receiving hosts


www.pnj.ac.idInternet Layer ProtocolsThe IP Protocol is responsible for:• defining packet format and addressing scheme• routing packets to remote hosts• transferring data between the internet layer and the network access

layer


www.pnj.ac.idInternet Layer Protocols

• IP - connectionless, best-effort delivery routing of packets.

• ICMP - control and messaging capabilities.

• ARP - determines the data link layer address for known IP addresses.

• RARP - determines the IP address for a known MAC address.


www.pnj.ac.idInternet Path Determination


www.pnj.ac.idQuestion

• Why is IP sometimes referred as an unreliable protocol?

• Is it really unreliable?


www.pnj.ac.idAnswer

• IP is sometimes referred to as an unreliable protocol.

• This does not mean that IP will not accurately deliver data across a network.

• Calling IP an unreliable protocol simply means that IP does not perform error checking and correction.

• That function is handled by upper layer protocols from the transport or application layers.


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork Access Protocols

The Network Access Layer is the host-to-network layer of the TCP/IP model.

• Encapsulation of IP packets into frames

• Interface to the physical medium


www.pnj.ac.id


www.pnj.ac.idComparing TCP/IP with the OSI Model


www.pnj.ac.idRouter Connects Two Networks

• A network of networks is called an internet, indicated with the lowercase “i”.

• When referring to the networks that developed from the DoD on which the Worldwide Web (www) runs, the uppercase “I” is used and is called the Internet.


www.pnj.ac.idRouters Connect Local and Remote Networks


www.pnj.ac.idUsers See TCP/IP Cloud


www.pnj.ac.idPhysical Details Hidden from Users


www.pnj.ac.id

“Scale-Free Networks”Scientific AmericanMay 2003

The internet somewhere in the N.E. US


www.pnj.ac.idForwarding Packets—IP address

• A router forwards packets from the originating network to the destination network using the IP protocol.

• The packets must include an identifier for both the source and destination networks.

• Accordingly, every IP address has two parts

– One part identifies the network where the system is connected

– A second part identifies that particular system on the network


www.pnj.ac.idHost Address

192.168.1.01. 192.168.1.12. 192.168.1.23. 192.168.1.34. 192.168.1.4

192.168.2.01. 192.168.2.12. 192.168.2.23. 192.168.2.34. 192.168.2.4


www.pnj.ac.idIP Addressing Format


www.pnj.ac.idConsecutive Decimal and Binary Values


www.pnj.ac.idTwo Byte (Sixteen Bit Number)


www.pnj.ac.idOne Byte (Eight Bit Number)


www.pnj.ac.idDecimal to Binary Conversion


www.pnj.ac.idBinary to Decimal Conversion


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork Layer Communication Path

• Routers use IP to make decisions about how to reach a particular destination


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork and Host Addressing


www.pnj.ac.idInternet Addresses

• IP address space is hierarchical

• Uses the concept of classes

• Compare this with the flat MAC address space


www.pnj.ac.idIdentifying Address Classes

• The pattern of High Order Bits defines the class of the network address


www.pnj.ac.idIP Address Classes


www.pnj.ac.idAddress Class Prefixes


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork and Host Division


www.pnj.ac.idClass A Address


www.pnj.ac.idClass B Address


www.pnj.ac.idClass C Address


www.pnj.ac.idClass D Address Architecture


www.pnj.ac.idClass E Address Architecture


www.pnj.ac.idIP Address Range


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork Address

• Host portion all zeros


www.pnj.ac.idBroadcast Address

• Host portion all ones


www.pnj.ac.idNetwork Address


www.pnj.ac.idUnicast Transmission (to ONE Host only)• Addressed to a specific host

i.e. 176.10.16.1

• Only that host looks at the contents of the packet


www.pnj.ac.idBroadcast Address (to ALL Hosts)


www.pnj.ac.idBroadcast Transmission

• All hosts listen for broadcast messages

• Only the host with the appropriate service responds


www.pnj.ac.idRequired Unique Address• A packet can only be sent out onto the Internet if it has a

unique address


www.pnj.ac.idPrivate IP Addresses

• You can use these addresses on any private LAN.

• You CANNOT use them on the internet. • Internet routers will block them.


www.pnj.ac.idUsing Private Addresses in the WAN

•Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internet requires translation of the private addresses to public addresses •This translation process is referred to as Network Address Translation (NAT)


www.pnj.ac.idIPv4 Address Allocation


www.pnj.ac.idSubnet Addresses


www.pnj.ac.idIPv4 and IPv6


www.pnj.ac.idIPv4 and IPv6 Addresses


www.pnj.ac.idAssigning IP Addresses


www.pnj.ac.idTCPIP/IP Configuration for Windows 98


www.pnj.ac.idIP Address


www.pnj.ac.idARP/RARP Message Structure


www.pnj.ac.idBOOTP Message Structure


www.pnj.ac.idDHCP Message Structure


www.pnj.ac.idARP Table Entry


www.pnj.ac.idARP Table Funtions


www.pnj.ac.idThe ARP Process


www.pnj.ac.idARP Request


www.pnj.ac.idProxy ARP Request


www.pnj.ac.idWhich host has this IP address?

• ARP


www.pnj.ac.idDefault Gateway


www.pnj.ac.idSummary


www.pnj.ac.idQuick Reference Subnetting Chart

Download - Cisco CCNA module 9

Top Related