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Cheri ScheerCheri Scheer
EnergyEnergy
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EnergyEnergy
ScienceScience
77thth grade grade
Stand 1Stand 1
Objective 2Objective 2
GLEGLE
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OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
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Kinetic energyKinetic energy
Energy an object has due to motionEnergy an object has due to motion
ExamplesExamples– rock rolling down the hillrock rolling down the hill– bike moving along the roadbike moving along the road
Increasing mass and speed also Increasing mass and speed also increases an object’s kinetic energyincreases an object’s kinetic energy
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Potential energyPotential energy
Energy that is storedEnergy that is stored
ExampleExample– Ball at top of hillBall at top of hill– Leaf hanging from limbLeaf hanging from limb
Changing an object’s position to Changing an object’s position to some place higher, increases the some place higher, increases the object’s potential energyobject’s potential energy
practice
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Kinetic and Potential EnergyKinetic and Potential Energy
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EnergyEnergy•The ability to cause changeThe ability to cause change•FormsForms
MechanicalMechanicalChemicalChemicalElectricalElectricalThermal or heatThermal or heatRadiantRadiantSoundSoundNuclearNuclear
website
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Mechanical energyMechanical energy
Potential- stored energyPotential- stored energy– examples:examples:
Kinetic-energy of a moving objectKinetic-energy of a moving object– Examples:Examples:
– Energy in machinesEnergy in machines
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Chemical EnergyChemical Energy
Energy trapped in chemical bonds Energy trapped in chemical bonds (Stored in foods or fuels)(Stored in foods or fuels)
Chemical reactions happen when Chemical reactions happen when compounds are broken down or compounds are broken down or created.created.
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Types of chemical reactionsTypes of chemical reactionsEndothermic- absorbs heat: food as Endothermic- absorbs heat: food as it cooks, baking soda giving off gas it cooks, baking soda giving off gas as it heats causing cookies to rise.as it heats causing cookies to rise.Exothermic-give off heat: substance Exothermic-give off heat: substance burns turning into heatburns turning into heatBoth happen continuously in your Both happen continuously in your bodybodyCatalyst- is a substance that changes Catalyst- is a substance that changes the rate of the reactionthe rate of the reaction
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Electrical energyElectrical energy
Energy associated with magnet, Energy associated with magnet, electrical circuits and combinations electrical circuits and combinations of the twoof the two
Examples:Examples:
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Heat EnergyHeat Energy
Energy given off by a hot objectEnergy given off by a hot object
Also called thermal energyAlso called thermal energy
Different materials act as insulators Different materials act as insulators or conductors of heator conductors of heat
Examples:Examples:
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Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy
Energy locked in the nucleus of the Energy locked in the nucleus of the atomatom
Examples:Examples:
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Light energyLight energy
Energy carried in a beam of lightEnergy carried in a beam of light
Also known as radiative energyAlso known as radiative energy
examplesexamples
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Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy
Energy CAN NOT be created or Energy CAN NOT be created or destroyed.destroyed.
Energy is changed to another form.Energy is changed to another form.
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TemperatureTemperature
All objects have molecules that are in All objects have molecules that are in motion. Therefore, all objects have motion. Therefore, all objects have kinetic energy. kinetic energy.
Increasing temperature also Increasing temperature also increases kinetic energy.increases kinetic energy.
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HeatHeat
A transfer of energy from one object A transfer of energy from one object to another due to a difference in to another due to a difference in temperature.temperature.
Heat flows from warmer objects to Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler ones until both objects are cooler ones until both objects are equal in temperature.equal in temperature.
The amount and type of material The amount and type of material effects how temperature will change.effects how temperature will change.
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Transfer of HeatTransfer of Heat
Conduction – mainly through solids Conduction – mainly through solids and liquidsand liquids
Convection – mainly through liquids Convection – mainly through liquids and gasesand gases
Radiation – transfers energy through Radiation – transfers energy through spacespace
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ConductionConduction
The transfer of energy by collisions The transfer of energy by collisions between the atoms and molecules in between the atoms and molecules in a material.a material.
Conductors are materials through Conductors are materials through which energy is easily transferred.which energy is easily transferred.– All metals (gold, silver, copper)All metals (gold, silver, copper)– Copper is less expensive and more Copper is less expensive and more
readily availablereadily available
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InsulatorsInsulators
Poor conductors of heatPoor conductors of heat
ExamplesExamples– ClothCloth (blankets and clothes)(blankets and clothes)– AirAir– PlasticPlastic– WoodWood– RubberRubber– TileTile
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ConvectionConvection
Transferring heat when particles Transferring heat when particles move between objects or areas that move between objects or areas that differ in temperaturediffer in temperature
Thermals are columns of warm air Thermals are columns of warm air that is forced up as cooler air sinks.that is forced up as cooler air sinks.– Aids birds to fly without moving wingsAids birds to fly without moving wings
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RadiationRadiation
Transferring energy by wavesTransferring energy by waves
Can be visible or invisible wavesCan be visible or invisible waves
ExampleExample– Sun heats EarthSun heats Earth– Warming self by fireWarming self by fire– Microwave cookingMicrowave cooking
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Chemical EnergyChemical Energy
Energy trapped in chemical bonds Energy trapped in chemical bonds (Stored in foods or fuels)(Stored in foods or fuels)
Chemical reactions happen when Chemical reactions happen when compounds are broken down or compounds are broken down or created.created.
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Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions
To break a bond, energy must be To break a bond, energy must be added.added.
To form a bond, energy is released.To form a bond, energy is released.
H20
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Types of chemical reactionsTypes of chemical reactionsEndothermic- absorbs heat: food as Endothermic- absorbs heat: food as it cooks, cookies rising when baking, it cooks, cookies rising when baking, photosynthesisphotosynthesisExothermic-give off heat: substance Exothermic-give off heat: substance burns turning into heatburns turning into heatBoth happen continuously in your Both happen continuously in your bodybodyCatalyst- is a substance that changes Catalyst- is a substance that changes the rate (speed) of the reactionthe rate (speed) of the reaction
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REVIEWREVIEW
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CAREERSCAREERS
ENGINEERSENGINEERS
ELECTRICIANSELECTRICIANS
THEME PARK DESIGNERSTHEME PARK DESIGNERS