"Chemoprevention: The Anti-Cancer Effects of Inositol Hexaphosphate“
Presented By: Michael A. HendersonGK-12 Fellow
Tuskegee University/Notasulga High School
Overview
� The Cell and its components
� The Cell Theory
� Mitosis And Meiosis
� What is Cancer
� My Current Research
� Classroom Implementation
The Cell and its Components
� The cell is the basic unit of biology.
� Every organism either consists of cells or is a cell
itself
The Cell Theory
� M. SCHLEIDEN (1804 - 1881)
� All organisms consist of one or more cells.
� The cell is the basic unit of structure for all
organisms
� All cells arise from preexisting cells
The Cell Cycle
� Cell stages
� G1: Cell growth
� S:DNA synthesis and
replication
� G2: Preparation for mitosis
� M:Mitosis consists of nuclear
division (Karyokinesis)
� Prophase
� Metaphase
� Anaphase
� Telophase
� Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic div)
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
� Regulation of the cell cycle involves steps
crucial to the cell these include
� detecting and repairing genetic damage
� provision of various checks to prevent
uncontrolled cell division
What is cancer
• Cancer begins in your cells, which are the
building blocks of your body.
• It is characterized as a class of diseases in
which a group of cells display the traits of:
– uncontrolled growth (growth and division beyond
the normal limits),
– invasion (intrusion on and destruction of
adjacent tissues),
– and sometimes metastasis (spread to other
locations in the body via lymph or blood)
What is Cancer
Oncology
� A proto-oncogene is a normal
gene that can become an oncogene
due to mutations or increased
expression
� Proto-oncogenes code for proteins
that help to regulate cell growth and
differentiation
� An oncogene is a protein encoding
gene, which — when deregulated —
participates in the onset and
development of cancer
Risk Factors
� Family History-Genetics
� Age
� Lifestyle
� Habits
� Diet
� Physical Activity
� Sexual Activity
� Environment
� Air pollution
� Exposure to UV
� Chemical pollution
My Current Research
Chemoprevention
The use of drugs, vitamins, or other agents to delay the
start of cancer, keep it from starting, or stop it from
coming back
Background
� A large number of naturally occurring nutritive and non-
nutritive constituents present in vegetables, fruits, and grain
products has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis in
animals
� Investigations have shown remarkable consistency in
finding lower risk for a variety of cancers among
populations consuming large amounts of plant foods,
particularly fruits and vegetables
Inositol hexaphosphate
(IP6)
(IP6) is a
polyphosphorylated
carbohydrate found in
high concentrations in
cereals and legumes
Phytic Acid (IP6)
� The anticancer properties of IP6 have been
demonstrated in different experimental
models
� IP6 has been demonstrated to prevent and
abrogate both primary tumor and metastasis
in vivo.
Remember Diet is Very
Important
� Top 10 Cancer Fighting Foods� 1.Tomatoes
� 2.Broccoli Sprouts
� 3.Berries
� 4.Soybeans
� 5.Tea
� 6.Pumpkin
� 7.Spinach
� 8.Garlic
� 9.Pineapple
� 10. Apple
Lecture Ideas/Lab Activities
� The day of presentation, I plan to bring some platters containing a few of the
fruits that were displayed in the previous slide
� A 3-Day lab activity where students will learn to make solutions
� Day 1: Calculations (worksheets and hand-outs)
� Day 2: Preparing Stock solutions from solids and liquids
� Day 3: Dilutions (C1*V1=C2*V2 ) and learn proper use of pipettes
� Once students have obtained the skills to make solutions, in the next lab
students (in groups) will run an actual western blot where they make their own
necessary solutions and prepare a gel � Purpose: To emphasize the importance of proteins in cellular processes. Relate back to the role
proteins play in the progression of cancer.
� Lastly, students will perform lab Extracting DNA. This is a two-part lesson� Purpose: To develop understanding of DNA by modeling the process of DNA extraction
� In the first part, students will explore Internet resources to develop their knowledge of DNA.
� In the second part, the class will do an experiment that demonstrates DNA extraction.
Acknowledgements
Thank You GK-12
Questions