![Page 1: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHEMISTRY
![Page 2: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Atoms, Elements & the Periodic
Table
•Describe the structure & parts of an atom.
•Identify the properties of an atom.•Interpret information on a periodic table to understand how elements
are grouped.
![Page 3: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What are the elements made
of?Element-the simplest pure substance.
Elements are made of atoms, and each element’s atoms are unique to that element
Atoms-the basic building blocks of all matter. They are the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.
Atoms are made of 3 types of particles-protons, neutrons and electrons
![Page 4: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The History of Atomic Theory
![Page 5: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Democritus – 440 BCE
Greek Philosopher 2445 years ago.
Called particles that made up “stuff” ATOMS
Atomos (Greek word) “not able to be divided”(uncuttable)small hard particlesConstantly move
![Page 6: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dalton - 1803Atoms make up all substances (the elements)
Atoms can not be created, divided or destroyed.
Atoms combine to make other substances.
Conducted experiments
![Page 7: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dimitri MendeleevProposed the laws of the periodic table
1869-developed the first periodic table
Table was arranged according to increasing atomic weight
Left spaces for elements yet to be discovered
![Page 9: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
J.J. Thomson - 1897Discovered negatively charged particles in atoms called Electrons.
Conducted Cathode Ray Tube experimentLed to the Plum Pudding Model
![Page 10: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ernest Rutherford - 1909
Discovered the nucleus
Nucleus Small tiny very dense center of atoms
Where most the atoms mass is located
Atoms are mostly empty space where electrons are found
Conducted the Gold Foil experiment
![Page 12: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Niels Bohr - 1913Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in definite paths.
Electrons jump between levels from path to path.
Bohr’s model
![Page 14: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Most Recent Atomic Theory
Schrodinger and Heisenberg
Electron paths cannot be predicted.
Electrons are likely to be found in regions around the nucleus called electron clouds.
Called the electron cloud model.
![Page 16: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Recent Discoveries
Chadwick • 1932-Discovered that neutrons exist
in the nucleus of atoms• Neutrons have no charge and the
mass equal to protons and help to stabilize the atom
Gell-Mann • 1969-Subatomic particles are made of
smaller particles called quarks
![Page 17: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PERIODIC TABLE =ORGANIZED ELEMENTS
Elements are:• PURE-Made of like atoms of that
element• Identified by it’s atomic number (#
of protons)• Arrangement of electrons
determines the elements properties (such as conductivity and reactivity).
![Page 19: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Link to videohttp://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements7.swfSelect broadband player.
The Element Song
![Page 20: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Structure of an Atom
Protons – POSITIVE charged particles inside the nucleus (center).
Neutrons – neutral particles inside the nucleus that have NO CHARGE!
Electrons – NEGATIVE CHARGED particles in atoms found around the nucleus.
![Page 21: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Atomic ParticlesLocation Charge Mass
Protons Nucleus + positive Heaviest particle
Neutrons Nucleus O Neutral -Similar to a proton but carry no charge
Electrons Orbiting outside the nucleus in electron clouds
- Negative •Lightest particle•Smallest part of an atom
![Page 22: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Outside the nucleus
• Can be called a electron cloud, shell, energy level, orbit or ring
• Area outside the nucleus where electrons are found
• 1st cloud=2 electrons• 2nd cloud=8 electrons• 3rd cloud=18 electrons
![Page 23: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Boron (B)Atomic #=5Atomic Mass=11
Protons=5Neutrons=6Electrons=5
![Page 24: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sodium-(Na)Atomic #=11Atomic Mass=23
Protons=11Neutrons=12Electrons=11
![Page 25: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Energy Levels - Electron Clouds
Regions around the nucleus where electrons are arranged.
Electrons further away from the nucleus have more and more energy.
Each level or cloud can hold a specific # of electrons.
1st level - 2 electrons2nd level - up to 8 electrons3rd level-up to 18 electrons
![Page 27: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Valence ElectronsThe electrons in the outermost energy level (electron cloud).
Very important because they determine how an element will react with other substances
![Page 28: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What’s in the Box?
![Page 29: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Atomic Number
Equals the number of protons inside the nucleus of the atom.
Atomic Number=Number of Protons=the number of electrons
Determines the element.
All atoms of an element have the same atomic number.
No two elements have the same atomic number.
5
B10.81Boron
![Page 30: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
SymbolAll elements have their own unique symbol
Symbols can be one or two letters
The first letter is always a capital letter
The second is always a lower case letter
Symbols don’t always match their English word bc most are from Latin or Greek roots.
Example: Fe=Iron (English) Ferrum (Latin)
5
B10.81Boron
![Page 31: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus.
Number under the element symbol
Protons + Neutrons = Mass Number
Practice: If an atom has 12 protons, 14 neutrons and 12 electrons, what is its mass number?
Practice online
5
B10.81Boron
![Page 32: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Atomic Mass Unit - amu
Unit of measurement for the mass of subatomic particles.
1 amu = 1.7 X 10 -24 They are TEENY TINY!!!
.000000000000000000000017 grams
Proton = 1 amuNeutrons = 1 amuElectrons = almost zero (TINIEST particle with the least mass)Most of the mass is in the nucleus with protons and neutronsOtherwise atoms are mostly EMPTY SPACE
![Page 33: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Atomic MassRefers to the weight of the atom.
Atomic Mass= Protons + Neutrons
Never negative
Mass
![Page 34: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Charge of an atom
To find the charge of an atom-
1. Find the number of protons (+)
2. Find the number of electrons (-)• Represent the electrons as a negative
number
3. Add the protons and electrons to find the charge
Ex: Calcium atom has 12 protons and 10 electrons. What is the charge of this atom?
Answer 12 proton + 10 electrons 12 + (-10)= +2This atom would be positive (+)
![Page 35: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
More practice with charge
What is the charge of a copper atom with 26
electrons?
29 protons (+) + 26 electrons (-)
29-26=+3
positive
What is the charge of a Sulfur atom with 18
electrons?
16 protons (+) + 18 electrons (-)
16-18=-2
negative
![Page 36: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ReviewAtoms, which contain
Protons (+), neutrons (o)and electrons (-)
#protons
# neutrons
Mass #
Nucleus-contains protons and neutrons
Electron Cloud-electrons orbit the nucleus
![Page 37: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Periodic Table Overview
![Page 38: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
How the Elements are Arranged
Groups/Families:
Similar properties
Periods/Rows:
Increasing atomic number/mass
![Page 39: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Groups/FamiliesColumns of the periodic table that consist of elements that have the same number of valence electrons.
Groups 1 and 2 - same # as groupGroups 13-18 - 10 - the group #Groups 3-12 - no general rule.
![Page 40: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
PeriodsRows of the periodic table that consist of elements with the same number of electron clouds or energy levels.
![Page 41: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Alkali MetalsGroup #1
All metals
1 Valence Electron
Very reactive
![Page 42: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Alkaline-Earth Metals
Group #2
All Metals
2 Valence Electrons
Very reactive but less than group #1.
![Page 43: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Transition MetalsGroups # 3-12
All metals
1-2 valence electrons
Less reactive than group #2
Also contain lanthanide and actinide series (radioactive/unstable).
![Page 44: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Groups # 13-16Elements change from metals to nonmetals and include the metalloids.
Atoms have 10 fewer valence electrons than the group #.• Boron Group #13 - 3 valence
electrons• Carbon Group #14 - 4 valence
electrons• Nitrogen Group #15 - 5 valence
electrons• Oxygen Group #16 - 6 valence
electrons
![Page 45: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
HalogensGroup 17
All nonmetals
7 valence electrons
Very reactiveOnly need to gain 1 more electron.
![Page 46: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Noble GasesGroup # 18
All nonmetals
8 valence electrons - except helium only has 2.
UnreactiveHave a full outer electron cloud (energy level).
![Page 47: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hydrogen stands alone
1 valence electron
Very reactive
Reacts violently with Oxygen under the right conditions.
![Page 48: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Everyday Uses
![Page 49: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
IsotopesAtoms of elements that have the same number of protons (atomic number) but a different number of neutrons inside the nucleus.
![Page 50: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
IonsCharged particles that form during chemical changes.
Form when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
![Page 51: CHEMISTRY. Atoms, Elements & the Periodic Table Describe the structure & parts of an atom.Describe the structure & parts of an atom. Identify the properties](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062307/551c24b0550346ad4f8b5d0f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ions are Charged! + or -
Atoms that lose electrons become positive ions.
Atoms that gain electrons become negative ions.
Cl gains an electron from Na to form NaCl -
Cl ion is negative - more electrons (-)
Na ion is positive - more protons (+).