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Chemistry and M.E.A.PThe benchmarks and you!
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PME. Matter and Energy Benchmark 3
Explain how elements differ, in terms of the structural parts
and electrical charges of atoms.
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Key concepts:
Parts of atoms—nucleus, electron cloud.
Subatomic particles—proton, neutron, electron.
Electrical charges—positive, neutral, negative.
Each element has a unique number of protons = atomic number!
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Electrons and protons havean attribute called charge.
Electrons have a negativecharge. e = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulomb
Protons are 1800 times moremassive, and have a positivecharge.
(Neutrons have no charge.)
sol.sci.uop.edu/.../chapter8/ chapter8.html
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www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/ link=/cool_stuff/el...
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Real World Context:
Elements
Interactive Tutorialhttp://wwww.hamline.edu/~olerun/ole.cgi/C1/P1/S1
Interactive Periodic Tablehttp://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=sitetools\periodic_table.html#
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In the past, atoms were envisioned to be positively charged spheres embeddedwith negatively charged electrons like raisins in a cake. This is incorrectbecause atoms were shown to
A have nuclei at their centers.B have only negative particles.C contain very little empty space.
D consist of particles that are equal in mass.
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B have only negative particles.
This is inaccurate because atoms were shown to havesubatomic particles:
Positively charged protons
No charge neutrons
Negatively charged electrons
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C contain very little empty space.
This is incorrect because atoms were shown to be mostly empty space.
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D consist of particles that are equal in mass.
This inaccurate because electrons have less mass thanprotons and neutrons.
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How does the structure of elements vary?
a) All elements have the same number of protons
b) All elements have the same number of electrons
c) Each element has a specific number of protons
d) Each element has a specific number of neutrons
e) Each element has a specific electrical charge
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a.Each element has a specific number of protons: Hydrogen has one, helium has two, carbon has six
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b. An element usually has the same number of electrons and protons. Oxygen has 8 protons and 8 electrons. So different elements have different numbers of electrons
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d. Elements can have different numbers of neutrons. When they have a different number than usual it is called an isotope
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e. Quite often elements are neutral, but can become electrically charged. These are called ions.
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