Chemical Chemical ReactionsReactions
Quantitative Quantitative ChemChem
Indicators of a Chemical Indicators of a Chemical ReactionReaction
Indicators of a Chemical Indicators of a Chemical ReactionReaction
1.1. Formation of a Formation of a solidsolid (called a (called a
precipitateprecipitate))
Indicators of a Chemical Indicators of a Chemical ReactionReaction
1.1. Formation of a solid Formation of a solid (called a (called a
precipitateprecipitate))2.2. Production of Production of gasgas
Indicators of a Chemical Indicators of a Chemical ReactionReaction
1.1. Formation of a solid Formation of a solid (called a (called a
precipitateprecipitate))2.2. Production of gasProduction of gas3.3. Production (or Production (or
absorption) of absorption) of heat and heat and lightlight
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquation
2Na2Na((ss)) + Cl + Cl2 (2 (gg)) 2 NaCl 2 NaCl((ss))
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquation
2Na2Na((ss)) + Cl + Cl2 (2 (gg)) 2 NaCl 2 NaCl((ss))
ReactantsReactants Products Products
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquation
2Na2Na((ss)) + Cl + Cl2 (2 (gg)) 2 NaCl 2 NaCl((ss))
ReactantsReactants Products Products
Coefficients Coefficients
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquation
2Na2Na((ss)) + Cl + Cl2 (2 (gg)) 2 NaCl 2 NaCl((ss))
ReactantsReactants Products Products
Subscripts Subscripts
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquation
2Na2Na((ss)) + Cl + Cl2 (2 (gg)) 2 NaCl 2 NaCl((ss))……...…..……….....…
States of Matter States of Matter
Parts of a Chemical Parts of a Chemical EquationEquationStates of Matter:States of Matter:((ss) = solid) = solid ((ll) = liquid) = liquid((gg) = gas) = gas ((aqaq) = solution) = solutionArrows: Arrows: means “to yield” means “to yield”
or “produce” or “produce”
Why do we need to balance Why do we need to balance a chemical equation?a chemical equation?
Because matter is not created Because matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical or destroyed in a chemical reaction! (The law of reaction! (The law of conservation of matter)conservation of matter)The amount of each element The amount of each element remains the same.remains the same.
Determine the number of Determine the number of atoms in each of the atoms in each of the
following compounds.following compounds.NaCl:NaCl: _____ Na _____ Na _____ Cl_____ ClKK33N:N: _____ K_____ K _____ N_____ NAlAl22OO33:: _____ Al_____ Al __________ OO
Coefficients!Coefficients!
3NaCl:3NaCl: _____ Na _____ Na _____ Cl_____ Cl4Al4Al22OO33:: _____ Al_____ Al __________ OO
Rules for Balancing (Coeff)Rules for Balancing (Coeff)1.1. Start with the most Start with the most complexcomplex
element or compound.element or compound.2.2. Balance Balance oxygenoxygen last last3.3. Balance Balance hydrogenhydrogen second to second to
lastlast4.4. If stuck on oxygen, If stuck on oxygen, doubledouble
everything except Oeverything except O22, then , then balance.balance.
5.5. Double-check your work.Double-check your work.
3. Classifying Reactions and Predicting Products
Examples of Chemical Reactions
• C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
• NaOH → Na2O + H2O
• H2 + O2 → H2O
• Zn + 2 HCl → H2 + ZnCl2
• K2CrO4 + Pb(NO3)2 →
2 KNO3 + PbCrO4
• H2CrO4 + Pb(OH)2 →
2 H2O + PbCrO4
COMBUSTION
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Candle Experiment
2C24H50 + 73O2 48CO2 + 50H2O
Reaction 2:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Reaction 3:C3H8 + O2 .
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
An exothermic reaction that takes place between a substance and oxygen.
CXHY + O2 CO2 + 2H2O
(X and Y are integers)
A carbon-based substance that reacts with oxygen.
Produces carbon dioxide and water.
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
EQ?EQ?
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
SYNTHESIS
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Magnesium + Oxygen
Δ2Mg + O2 2MgO
Reaction 2: Formation of Iron (II) Sulfide Δ8Fe + S8 8FeS
Reaction 3: Formation of Water Δ H2 + O2 .
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
A + B AB
Picture
Energy (“Δ”) needs to be supplied.
Only 1 compound is formed
H2 + O2 H2O
EQ?EQ?
2H2 + O2 2H2O
DECOMPOSITION
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Carbonation in Soda
H2CO3 H2O + CO2
Reaction 2: Decomposition of Water2H2O 2H2 + O2
Reaction 3: Decomposition of Table SaltNaClO3 .
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
A compound is broken down into two or more simpler substances.
AB A + B
Picture
1. Metallic Hydroxide 2. Metallic Carbonate
3. Metallic Chlorate 4. Oxyacid
5. Binary Compound
Metallic Oxide + H2O Metallic Oxide + CO2
Metallic Chloride + O2
Nonmetallic Oxide + H2O2 Elements
NaClO3 NaCl + O2
EQ?EQ?
2NaClO3 2NaCl + 3O2
SINGLEDISPLACEMENT
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Copper & Silver Nitrate
Cu + AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
Reaction 2:2NaBr + Cl2 NaCl2 + Br2
Reaction 3:Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl2
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
One element displaces another element from a compound.
AX + Z AZ + XA + BX B + AX
A cation replaces a cationAn anion replaces an anion
An element and compound
Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl2
EQ?EQ?
Zn + 2HCl H2 + ZnCl2
DOUBLEDISPLACEMENT
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Potassium Iodide + Plumbous Chromate
KI + PbCrO4 K2CrO4 + PbI2
Reaction 2:AgNO3 + CuCl2 AgCl2 + Cu(NO3)
Reaction 3:Fe2(SO4)3 + HCl
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
Two aqueous compounds switch their cations (or anions).
AC + BD BC + AD Two soluble compounds react
Forms two compounds where the cations (or anions) switch places.
H2SO4 + FeCl3
EQ?EQ?
NEUTRALIZATION
What are some examples?What is it? (write the definition)Reaction 1: Hydrochloric Acid & Sodium Hydroxide
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Reaction 2:H2SO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
Reaction 3:H2CO3 + Ca(OH)2
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the characteristics of the reactants that undergo this type of reaction?
What are the products of this type of reaction? (on pg 12)
An acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.
HA + BOH BA + H2O An acid reacts with a hydroxide compound
An ionic compound (“salt”) and water
CaCO3 + H2O
EQ?EQ?